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Chemistry

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Also known as: Vitamin d3, 67-97-0, Colecalciferol, Calciol, Oleovitamin d3, Ricketon
Molecular Formula
C27H44O
Molecular Weight
384.6  g/mol
InChI Key
QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N

Vitamin D3
Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.
1 2D Structure

Vitamin D3

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C27H44O/c1-19(2)8-6-9-21(4)25-15-16-26-22(10-7-17-27(25,26)5)12-13-23-18-24(28)14-11-20(23)3/h12-13,19,21,24-26,28H,3,6-11,14-18H2,1-2,4-5H3/b22-12+,23-13-/t21-,24+,25-,26+,27-/m1/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCCC2=CC=C3CC(CCC3=C)O)C
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H](CCCC(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]\2[C@@]1(CCC/C2=C\C=C/3\C[C@H](CCC3=C)O)C
2.2 Synonyms
2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. (3 Beta,5z,7e)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

2. Calciol

3. Cholecalciferols

4. Vitamin D 3

5. Vitamin D3

2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Vitamin D3

2. 67-97-0

3. Colecalciferol

4. Calciol

5. Oleovitamin D3

6. Ricketon

7. Arachitol

8. Trivitan

9. Deparal

10. Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol

11. Delsterol

12. Vigorsan

13. Ebivit

14. Vitamin D-3

15. Colecalcipherol

16. Quintox

17. Colecalciferolum

18. Cholecalciferolum

19. (+)-vitamin D3

20. D3-vicotrat

21. D3-vigantol

22. 1406-16-2

23. Vi-de-3-hydrosol

24. Neo Dohyfral D3

25. Vitinc Dan-dee-3

26. Cholecalciferol, D3

27. Vigantol

28. Vi-de3

29. Duphafral D3 1000

30. Feracol

31. Delta-d

32. Cc

33. Chebi:28940

34. (1s,3z)-3-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-7a-methyl-1-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol

35. Nsc 375571

36. 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-beta-ol

37. Provitina

38. Micro-dee

39. 7-dehydrocholesterol, Activated

40. Vidde-3-hydrosol

41. Vitamin D3 Solution

42. Colecalciferol (inn)

43. Colecalciferol [inn]

44. Ncgc00159331-02

45. Rampage

46. Vitamin D3 10 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

47. (3beta,5z,7e)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

48. (5z,7e)-(3s)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-ol

49. (5z,7e)-(3s)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

50. Dsstox_cid_6294

51. Dsstox_rid_78090

52. Dsstox_gsid_26294

53. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

54. 9,10-seco(5z,7e)-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-3beta-ol

55. Colecalciferolo

56. (3s,5z,7e)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

57. Colecalciferolo [dcit]

58. 9,10-secocholesta-5(z),7(e),10(19)-trien-3(.beta.)-ol

59. Vigantol Oil

60. (5e)-cholecalciferol

61. Nsc-375571

62. Colecalciferol D3

63. (1s,3z)-3-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-1-[(1r)-1,5-dimethylhexyl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-cyclohexanol

64. (s,z)-3-(2-((1r,3as,7ar,e)-7a-methyl-1-((r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)octahydro-4h-inden-4-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylenecyclohexan-1-ol

65. Colecalciferolum [inn-latin]

66. Vitamin D 3

67. 7-dehydrocholestrol, Activated

68. Irradiated 7-dehydrocholesterol

69. Ccris 5813

70. Ccris 6286

71. Hsdb 820

72. Cholecalciferol Impurity A

73. 7-dehydrocholesterol, Irradiated

74. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

75. Vitamin D3 Emulsifiable

76. Einecs 200-673-2

77. Einecs 215-797-2

78. Mfcd00078131

79. Unii-9vu1ki44gp

80. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 202901

81. Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol)

82. Vitamin D3; Cholecalciferol

83. 1c6v77qf41

84. Devaron

85. Videkhol

86. Vitamin D Assay System Suitability

87. 7-dehydrocholesterol Activated

88. Unii-1c6v77qf41

89. Nsc375571

90. Granuvit D3

91. Dp-r206

92. Cas-67-97-0

93. Prestwick_63

94. Ak R215 Component Colecalciferol

95. Ak-r215 Component Colecalciferol

96. Cholecalciferol D3

97. Cyclohexanol, 3-((2e)-2-((1r,3as,7ar)-1-((1r)-1,5-dimethylhexyl)octahydro-7a-methyl-4h-inden-4-ylidene)ethylidene)-4-methylene-, (1s,3z)-

98. Cyclohexanol, 3-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-1-[(1r)-1,5-dimethylhexyl]octahydro-7a-methyl-4h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-, (1s,3z)-

99. 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10-trien-3-ol

100. Cholecalciferol [usp:ban:jan:iso]

101. ()-vitamin D3

102. 9,10-seco(5z,7e)-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-ol

103. Delta-d (tn)

104. 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol, (3beta,5z,7e)-

105. Prestwick3_000429

106. Bmse000507

107. Upcmld-dp152

108. Schembl3126

109. 9vu1ki44gp

110. Chembl1042

111. Bspbio_000418

112. Cholecalciferol; 67-97-0

113. Cholecalciferol (jp17/usp)

114. Bpbio1_000460

115. Megxm0_000458

116. Dtxsid6026294

117. Upcmld-dp152:001

118. Acon1_001997

119. Hms2096e20

120. Cholecalciferol, >=98% (hplc)

121. 9,10-secocholestra-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol, (3beta,5z,7e)-

122. Cholecalciferol, Analytical Standard

123. Zinc4474460

124. Tox21_111578

125. Tox21_202546

126. Bdbm50030475

127. Lmst03020001

128. S4063

129. Cholecalciferol For System Suitability

130. Akos015950641

131. Ac-8884

132. Ccg-268466

133. Cs-1179

134. Db00169

135. Smp1_000068

136. Vitamin D3 100 Microg/ml In Methanol

137. Ncgc00091072-01

138. Ncgc00159331-04

139. Ncgc00260095-01

140. Bs-42465

141. Hy-15398

142. Cholecalciferol (d3), Analytical Standard

143. C05443

144. D00188

145. 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

146. Cholecalciferol, Meets Usp Testing Specifications

147. 078v131

148. 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3?-ol

149. Q139347

150. (5e,7e)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10-trien-3-ol

151. Q-201931

152. 3-beta,z,7e-9,10-secocholestr-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

153. Vitamin D3 Solution, 100 Mug/ml In Ethanol, 97% (cp)

154. (3beta,z,7e)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol

155. 9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol, (3b,5z,7e)-

156. Cholecalciferol, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

157. Colecalciferol, British Pharmacopoeia (bp) Reference Standard

158. Cholecalciferol, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

159. Cholecalciferol For System Suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

160. Vitamin D3 Solution, 1 Mg/ml In Ethanol, Ampule Of 1 Ml, Certified Reference Material

161. (1s,3z)-3-[(2e)-2-[7a-methyl-1-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol

162. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2.3 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 384.6 g/mol
Molecular Formula C27H44O
XLogP37.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count6
Exact Mass384.339216023 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass384.339216023 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count28
Formal Charge0
Complexity610
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count5
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameVitamin d
PubMed HealthVitamin D
Drug ClassesNutriceutical, Nutritive Agent, Vitamin Combination, Adult Formula
Active IngredientErgocalciferol
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength50,000 iu
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyBanner Pharmacaps

2 of 2  
Drug NameVitamin d
PubMed HealthVitamin D
Drug ClassesNutriceutical, Nutritive Agent, Vitamin Combination, Adult Formula
Active IngredientErgocalciferol
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength50,000 iu
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyBanner Pharmacaps

4.2 Therapeutic Uses

Bone Density Conservation Agents; Vitamins

National Library of Medicine, SIS; ChemIDplus Record for Cholecalciferol (67-97-0), MESH Heading. Available from, as of March 15, 2006: https://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp


MEDICATION (VET): Nutritional factor (Antirachitic)

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1787


Therapeutic doses of specific vitamin D analogs are used in the treatment of chronic hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, rickets, and osteodystrophy associated with various medical conditions including chronic renal failure, familial hypophosphatemia, and hypoparathyroidism (postsurgical or idiopathic, or pseudohypoparathyroidism). Some analogs have been found to reduct elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients with renal osteodystrophy associated with hyperparathyroidism. Theoretically, any of the vitamin D analogs may be used for the above conditions, However, because of their pharmacologic properties, some may be more useful in certain situations than others. Alfacalcidol, calcitriol, and dihydrotachysterol are usually preferred in patients with renal failure since these patients have impaired ability to synthesize calcitriol from cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol; therefore, the response is more predictable. In addition, their shorter half-lives may make toxicity easier to manage (hypercalcemia reverses more quickly). Ergocalciferol may not be the preferred agent in the treatment of familial hypophosphatemia or hypoparathyroidism because the large doses needed are associated with a risk of overdose and hypercalcemia; dihydrotachysterol and calcitriol may be preferred. /Included in US product labeling/

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2966


4.3 Drug Warning

Studies have shown that the elderly may have an increased need for vitamin D due to a possible decrease in the capacity of the skin to produce previtamin D3 or a decrease in exposure to the sun or impaired renal function or impaired vitamin D absorption.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2967


Doses of vitamin D analogs that do not exceed the physiologic requirement are usually nontoxic. However, some infants and patients with sarcoidosis or hypoparathyroidism may have increased sensitivity to vitamin D analogs. /Vitamin D analogs/

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3541


Acute or chronic administration of excessive doses of vitamin D analogs or enhanced responsiveness to physiologic amounts of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol may lead to hypervitaminosis D manifested by hypercalcemia. /Vitamin D analogs/

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3541


Decreased renal function without hypercalcemia has also been reported in patients with hypoparathyroidism after long-term vitamin D analog therapy. Before therapy with vitamin D analogs is initiated, serum phosphate concentrations must be controlled. To avoid ectopic calcification, the serum calcium (in mg/dL) times phosphorus (in mg/dL) should not be allowed to exceed 70. Because administration of vitamin D analogs may increase phosphate absorption, patients with renal failure may require adjustment in the dosage of aluminum-containing antacids used to decrease phosphate absorption. /Vitamin D analogs/

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3541


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for CHOLECALCIFEROL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.4 Drug Indication

Cholecalciferol use is indicated for the treatment of specific medical conditions like refractory rickets (or vitamin D resistant rickets), hypoparathyroidism, and familial hypophosphatemia. Concurrently, as one of the most commonly utilized forms of vitamin D, cholecalciferol is also very frequently used as a supplement in individuals to maintain sufficient vitamin d levels in the body or to treat vitamin D deficiency, as well as various medical conditions that can be associated directly or indirectly with vitamin d insufficiency like osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease, among others.


Treatment of osteoporosis


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

The in vivo synthesis of the predominant two biologically active metabolites of vitamin D occurs in two steps. The first hydroxylation of vitamin D3 cholecalciferol (or D2) occurs in the liver to yield 25-hydroxyvitamin D while the second hydroxylation happens in the kidneys to give 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D. These vitamin D metabolites subsequently facilitate the active absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine, serving to increase serum calcium and phosphate levels sufficiently to allow bone mineralization. Conversely, these vitamin D metabolites also assist in mobilizing calcium and phosphate from bone and likely increase the reabsorption of calcium and perhaps also of phosphate via the renal tubules. There exists a period of 10 to 24 hours between the administration of cholecalciferol and the initiation of its action in the body due to the necessity of synthesis of the active vitamin D metabolites in the liver and kidneys. It is parathyroid hormone that is responsible for the regulation of such metabolism at the level of the kidneys.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES such as OSTEOPOROSIS. (See all compounds classified as Bone Density Conservation Agents.)


Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents

Hormones and molecules with calcium-regulating hormone-like actions that modulate OSTEOLYSIS and other extra-skeletal activities to maintain calcium homeostasis. (See all compounds classified as Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents.)


Vitamins

Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body. (See all compounds classified as Vitamins.)


5.3 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A11 - Vitamins

A11C - Vitamin a and d, incl. combinations of the two

A11CC - Vitamin d and analogues

A11CC05 - Colecalciferol


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Cholecalciferol is readily absorbed from the small intestine if fat absorption is normal. Moreover, bile is necessary for absorption as well. In particular, recent studies have determined aspects about the absorption of vitamin D, like the fact that a) the 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolite of cholecalciferol is absorbed to a greater extent than the nonhydroxy form of cholecalciferol, b) the quantity of fat with which cholecalciferol is ingested does not appear to largely affect its bioavailability, and c) age does not apparently effect vitamin D cholecalciferol.


Route of Elimination

It has been observed that administered cholecalciferol and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the bile and feces.


Volume of Distribution

Studies have determined that the mean central volume of distribution of administered cholecalciferol supplementation in a group of 49 kidney transplant patients was approximately 237 L.


Clearance

Studies have determined that the mean clearance value of administered cholecalciferol supplementation in a group of 49 kidney transplant patients was approximately 2.5 L/day.


Readily absorbed from small intestine (proximal or distal); cholecalciferol may be absorbed more rapidly and completely than ergocalciferol.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2967


Elimination: Biliary/renal. /Vitamin D and analogs/

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2967


Many vitamin D analogs are readily absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration if fat absorption is normal. The presence of bile is required for absorption of ergocalciferol and the extent of GI absorption may be decreased in patients with hepatic, biliary, or GI disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, Whipple's disease, sprue). Because vitamin D is fat soluble, it is incorporated into chylomicrons and absorbed via the lymphatic system; approximately 80% of ingested vitamin D appears to be absorbed systemically through this mechanism, principally in the small intestine. Although some evidence suggested that intestinal absorption of vitamin D may be decreased in geriatric adults, other evidence did not show clinically important age-related alterations in GI absorption of the vitamin in therapeutic doses. It currently is not known whether aging alters the GI absorption of physiologic amounts of vitamin D. /Vitamin D analogs/

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3543


After absorption, ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol enter the blood via chylomicrons of lymph and then associate mainly with a specific alpha-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein). The hydroxylated metabolites of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol also circulate associated with the same alpha-globulin. 25-Hydroxylated ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol are stored in fat and muscles for prolonged periods. Once vitamin D enters systemic circulation from lymph via the thoracic duct or from skin, it accumulates in the liver within a few hours.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3543


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CHOLECALCIFEROL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Within the liver, cholecalciferol is hydroxylated to calcifediol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) by the enzyme vitamin D-25-hydroxylase. At the kidney, calcifediol subsequently serves as a substrate for 1-alpha-hydroxylase, yielding calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), the biologically active form of vitamin D3.


Metabolic activation of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol occurs in 2 steps, the first in the liver and the second in the kidneys. Metabolic activation of calcifediol occurs in the kidneys; dihydrotachysterol, alfacalcidol and doxercalciferol are activated in the liver.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006., p. 2967


Normal combined (ie, 25-hydroxyvitamin D) plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcifediol) and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, which are the major circulating metabolites of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol, have been reported to range from 8-80 ng/mL, depending on the assay used, and vary with exposure to UV light. A commonly reported range for the lower limit of normal is 8-15 ng/mL, depending on geographic location (eg, Southern California would be higher than Massachusetts).

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3542


In the liver, ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol are converted in the mitochondria to their 25-hydroxy derivatives by the enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity is regulated in the liver by concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites; therefore, increases in the systemic circulation of the 25-hydroxy metabolites following exposure to sunlight or ingestion of vitamin D are relatively modest compared with cumulative production or intake of the vitamin. Serum concentrations of nonhydroxylated vitamin D are short-lived as a result of storage in fat or metabolism in the liver. In the kidneys, these metabolites are further hydroxylated at the 1 position by the enzyme vitamin D 1-hydroxylase to their active forms, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) and 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol. ... Activity of the vitamin D 1-hydroxylase enzyme requires molecular oxygen, magnesium ion, and malate and is regulated principally by PTH in response to serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate, and perhaps by circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Other hormones (ie, cortisol, estrogens, prolactin, and growth hormone) also may influence the metabolism of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3543


The hepatic enzyme system responsible for 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D /(vitamin D-25 hydroxylase)/ is associated with the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of homogenates and requires NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) and molecular oxygen. ... The enzyme system /in kidney/ responsible for 1-hydroxylation of 25-OHD (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) /(25-OHD-1-alpha-hydroxylase)/ is associated with mitochondria in the proximal tubules. It is a mixed function oxidase and requires molecular oxygen and NADPH as cofactors. Cytochrome P450, a flavoprotein, and ferredoxin are components of the enzyme complex.

Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1727


5.6 Biological Half-Life

At this time, there have been resources that document the half-life of cholecalciferol as being about 50 days while other sources have noted that the half-life of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is approximately 15 hours while that of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) is about 15 days. Moreover, it appears that the half-lives of any particular administration of vitamin d can vary due to variations in vitamin d binding protein concentrations and genotype in particular individuals.


The Vitamin /D/ disappears from plasma with a half-life of 19 to 25 hr but is stored in fat depots for prolonged periods. ... The 25-hydroxy derivative has a biological half-life of 19 days ... The plasma half-life of calcitriol /(1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D)/ is estimated to be between 3 and 5 days in human beings ...

Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1730


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Most individuals naturally generate adequate amounts of vitamin D through ordinary dietary intake of vitamin D (in some foods like eggs, fish, and cheese) and natural photochemical conversion of the vitamin D3 precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin via exposure to sunlight. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency can often occur from a combination of insufficient exposure to sunlight, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D, genetic defects with endogenous vitamin D receptor, or even severe liver or kidney disease. Such deficiency is known for resulting in conditions like rickets or osteomalacia, all of which reflect inadequate mineralization of bone, enhanced compensatory skeletal demineralization, resultant decreased calcium ion blood concentrations, and increases in the production and secretion of parathyroid hormone. Increases in parathyroid hormone stimulate the mobilization of skeletal calcium and the renal excretion of phosphorus. This enhanced mobilization of skeletal calcium leads towards porotic bone conditions. Ordinarily, while vitamin D3 is made naturally via photochemical processes in the skin, both itself and vitamin D2 can be found in various food and pharmaceutical sources as dietary supplements. The principal biological function of vitamin D is the maintenance of normal levels of serum calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream by enhancing the efficacy of the small intestine to absorb these minerals from the diet. At the liver, vitamin D3 or D2 is hydroxylated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then finally to the primary active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidney via further hydroxylation. This final metabolite binds to endogenous vitamin d receptors, which results in a variety of regulatory roles - including maintaining calcium balance, the regulation of parathyroid hormone, the promotion of the renal reabsorption of calcium, increased intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increased calcium and phosphorus mobilization of calcium and phosphorus from bone to plasma to maintain balanced levels of each in bone and the plasma. In particular, calcitriol interacts with vitamin D receptors in the small intestine to enhance the efficiency of intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption from about 10-15% to 30-40% and 60% increased to 80%, respectively. Furthermore, calcitriol binds with vitamin D receptors in osteoblasts to stimulate a receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (or RANKL) which subsequently interacts with receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NFkB) on immature preosteoclasts, causing them to become mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Such mature osteoclasts ultimately function in removing calcium and phosphorus from bone to maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels. Moreover, calcitriol also stimulates calcium reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate in the kidneys. Additionally, it is believed that when calcitriol binds with nuclear vitamin D receptors, that this bound complex itself binds to retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) to generate a heterodimeric complex that consequently binds to specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA called vitamin D response elements. When bound, various transcription factors attach to this complex, resulting in either up or down-regulation of the associated gene's activity. It is thought that there may be as much as 200 to 2000 genes that possess vitamin D response elements or that are influenced indirectly to control a multitude of genes across the genome. It is in this way that cholecalciferol is believed to function in regulating gene transcription associated with cancer risk, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease linked to vitamin D deficiency. In fact, there has been some research to suggest calcitriol may also be able to prevent malignancies by inducing cellular maturation and inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis, exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting foam cell formation and promoting angiogenesis in endothelial colony-forming cells in vitro, inhibit immune reactions by enhancing the transcription of endogenous antibiotics like cathelicidin and regulate the activity and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, amongst a variety of other proposed actions.


The principal biologic function of vitamin D is to maintain serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations within the normal range by enhancing the efficiency of the small intestine to absorb these minerals from the diet. Calcitriol (activated vitamin D) enhances the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption along the entire small intestine, but principally in the duodenum and jejunum. Calcitriol also enhances phosphorus absorption along the entire small intestine, but principally in the jejunum and ileum. The activated forms of ergocalciferol, doxercalciferol, and cholecalciferol may have a negative feedback effect on parathyroid hormone (PTH) production.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3542


The most two important mechanisms by which vitamin D acts to maintain normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in plasma are to facilitate their absorption by the small intestine and to enhance their mobilization from bone. /Vitamin D/

Gilman, A. G., L. S. Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1980., p. 1541


CEP/COS

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USFDA APPLICATION NUMBER - 21163

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USFDA APPLICATION NUMBER - 21163

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DOSAGE - TABLET;ORAL - EQ 70MG BASE;2,800 IU

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DOSAGE - TABLET;ORAL - EQ 70MG BASE;5,600 IU

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ABOUT THIS PAGE

Looking for 67-97-0 / Vitamin D3 API manufacturers, exporters & distributors?

Vitamin D3 manufacturers, exporters & distributors 1

59

PharmaCompass offers a list of Vitamin D3 API manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by GMP, USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, Price,and more, enabling you to easily find the right Vitamin D3 manufacturer or Vitamin D3 supplier for your needs.

Send us enquiries for free, and we will assist you in establishing a direct connection with your preferred Vitamin D3 manufacturer or Vitamin D3 supplier.

PharmaCompass also assists you with knowing the Vitamin D3 API Price utilized in the formulation of products. Vitamin D3 API Price is not always fixed or binding as the Vitamin D3 Price is obtained through a variety of data sources. The Vitamin D3 Price can also vary due to multiple factors, including market conditions, regulatory modifications, or negotiated pricing deals.

API | Excipient name

Vitamin D3

Synonyms

67-97-0, Colecalciferol, Calciol, Oleovitamin d3, Ricketon, Arachitol

Cas Number

67-97-0

About Vitamin D3

Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol Manufacturers

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Vi-de-3-hydrosol, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Vi-de-3-hydrosol manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Vi-de-3-hydrosol API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol manufacturers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PhamaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol Suppliers

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol supplier is an individual or a company that provides Vi-de-3-hydrosol active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Vi-de-3-hydrosol finished formulations upon request. The Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers may include Vi-de-3-hydrosol API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PharmaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol USDMF

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol DMF (Drug Master File) is a document detailing the whole manufacturing process of Vi-de-3-hydrosol active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in detail. Different forms of Vi-de-3-hydrosol DMFs exist exist since differing nations have different regulations, such as Vi-de-3-hydrosol USDMF, ASMF (EDMF), JDMF, CDMF, etc.

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol DMF submitted to regulatory agencies in the US is known as a USDMF. Vi-de-3-hydrosol USDMF includes data on Vi-de-3-hydrosol's chemical properties, information on the facilities and procedures used, and details about packaging and storage. The Vi-de-3-hydrosol USDMF is kept confidential to protect the manufacturer’s intellectual property.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers with USDMF on PharmaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol JDMF

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) established the Japan Drug Master File (JDMF), also known as the Master File (MF), to permit Japanese and foreign manufacturers of drug substances, intermediates, excipients, raw materials, and packaging materials (‘Products’) to voluntarily register confidential information about the production and management of their products in Japan.

The Vi-de-3-hydrosol Drug Master File in Japan (Vi-de-3-hydrosol JDMF) empowers Vi-de-3-hydrosol API manufacturers to present comprehensive information (e.g., production methods, data, etc.) to the review authority, i.e., PMDA (Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency).

PMDA reviews the Vi-de-3-hydrosol JDMF during the approval evaluation for pharmaceutical products. At the time of Vi-de-3-hydrosol JDMF registration, PMDA checks if the format is accurate, if the necessary items have been included (application), and if data has been attached.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers with JDMF on PharmaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP of the European Pharmacopoeia monograph is often referred to as a Vi-de-3-hydrosol Certificate of Suitability (COS). The purpose of a Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP is to show that the European Pharmacopoeia monograph adequately controls the purity of Vi-de-3-hydrosol EP produced by a given manufacturer. Suppliers of raw materials can prove the suitability of Vi-de-3-hydrosol to their clients by showing that a Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP has been issued for it. The manufacturer submits a Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP (COS) as part of the market authorization procedure, and it takes on the role of a Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP holder for the record. Additionally, the data presented in the Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP (COS) is managed confidentially and offers a centralized system acknowledged by numerous nations, exactly like the Vi-de-3-hydrosol DMF.

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEP (COS) is recognised by all 36 nations that make up the European Pharmacopoeia Convention. Vi-de-3-hydrosol CEPs may be accepted in nations that are not members of the Ph. Eur. at the discretion of the authorities there.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers with CEP (COS) on PharmaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol WC

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol written confirmation (Vi-de-3-hydrosol WC) is an official document issued by a regulatory agency to a Vi-de-3-hydrosol manufacturer, verifying that the manufacturing facility of a Vi-de-3-hydrosol active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations of the importing country. When exporting Vi-de-3-hydrosol APIs or Vi-de-3-hydrosol finished pharmaceutical products to another nation, regulatory agencies frequently require a Vi-de-3-hydrosol WC (written confirmation) as part of the regulatory process.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers with Written Confirmation (WC) on PharmaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol NDC

National Drug Code is a comprehensive database maintained by the FDA that contains information on all drugs marketed in the US. This directory includes information about finished drug products, unfinished drug products, and compounded drug products, including those containing Vi-de-3-hydrosol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

Finished drug products

The FDA updates the NDC directory daily. The NDC numbers for Vi-de-3-hydrosol API and other APIs are published in this directory by the FDA.

Unfinished drugs

The NDC unfinished drugs database includes product listing information submitted for all unfinished drugs, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drugs intended for further processing and bulk drug substances for compounding.

Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture Vi-de-3-hydrosol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) must furnish the FDA with an updated record of all drugs that they produce, prepare, propagate, compound, or process for commercial distribution in the US at their facilities.

Compounded drug products

The NDC directory also contains data on finished compounded human drug products that contain Vi-de-3-hydrosol and are produced by outsourcing facilities. While these outsourcing facilities are not mandated to assign a Vi-de-3-hydrosol NDC to their finished compounded human drug products, they may choose to do so.

click here to find a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol suppliers with NDC on PharmaCompass.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol GMP

Vi-de-3-hydrosol Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

PharmaCompass offers a list of Vi-de-3-hydrosol GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, API price, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Vi-de-3-hydrosol GMP manufacturer or Vi-de-3-hydrosol GMP API supplier for your needs.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol CoA

A Vi-de-3-hydrosol CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Vi-de-3-hydrosol's compliance with Vi-de-3-hydrosol specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Vi-de-3-hydrosol CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

Vi-de-3-hydrosol may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Vi-de-3-hydrosol EP), Vi-de-3-hydrosol JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Vi-de-3-hydrosol USP).

Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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