Pharmacokinetics (PK) characterizes the movement of a drug through the body, with parameters describing its absorption, distribution, bioavailability, metabolism, and excretion over time. Pharmacodynamics (PD) characterizes the body’s response to the drug and is often described by biochemical or molecular interactions or physiological effects of a drug. Understanding the exposure-response relationship (PK/PD) is key to the development and approval of every drug. PK and PD analyses are used to c

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