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Also known as: 52315-07-8, Supercypermethrin, Alpha-cypermethrin, Ripcord, Ammo, Beta-cypermethrin
Molecular Formula
C22H19Cl2NO3
Molecular Weight
416.3  g/mol
InChI Key
KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
1TR49121NP

Cypermethrin
1 2D Structure

Cypermethrin

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
[cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C22H19Cl2NO3/c1-22(2)17(12-19(23)24)20(22)21(26)28-18(13-25)14-7-6-10-16(11-14)27-15-8-4-3-5-9-15/h3-12,17-18,20H,1-2H3
2.1.3 InChI Key
KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC1(C(C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C2=CC(=CC=C2)OC3=CC=CC=C3)C=C(Cl)Cl)C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
1TR49121NP
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Alpha-cypermethrin

2. Alphacypermethrin

3. Alphamethrin

4. Beta-cipermetrina

5. Cymbush

6. Cypermethrin, (1alpha(s*),3alpha)-(+-)-isomer

7. Cypermethrin, (1r-(1alpha(r*),3beta))-isomer

8. Cypermethrin, (1r-(1alpha(s*),3beta))-isomer

9. Fastac 50ec

10. Fendona

11. Nrdc 149

12. Supercypermethrin

13. Supermethrin

14. Wl 85871

15. Wl-85871

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 52315-07-8

2. Supercypermethrin

3. Alpha-cypermethrin

4. Ripcord

5. Ammo

6. Beta-cypermethrin

7. Cypermethrine

8. Basathrin

9. Cymbush

10. Ustaad

11. Agrothrin

12. Creokhin

13. Cymperator

14. Cypercopal

15. Cyperkill

16. Cypersect

17. Flectron

18. Hilcyperin

19. Neramethrin

20. Polytrin

21. Arrivo

22. Cyperco

23. Kordon

24. Mustang

25. Sherpa

26. Siperin

27. Toppel

28. Ardap

29. Demon

30. Excis

31. Fenom

32. Colt

33. Cis-cypermethrin

34. Ambush C

35. Nrdc 149

36. Zeta-cypermethrin

37. Supercypermethrin Forte

38. Alphamethrin

39. 67375-30-8

40. .alpha.-cypermethrin

41. Cypermethrin [ban]

42. Nrdc-149

43. 137497-61-1

44. Fmc 30980

45. Fmc 45806

46. Pp 383

47. Chinmix

48. Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl Ester

49. Wl 43467

50. Nsc-760420

51. [cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate

52. Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

53. Chebi:4042

54. Fury

55. 1tr49121np

56. Cypermethrin (ban)

57. Alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

58. Alphamethrine

59. Ncgc00160389-02

60. Asymmethrin

61. Cypercare

62. Cyperil

63. Ectopor

64. Kreokhin

65. Rycopel

66. Dysect

67. Nurele

68. Cypor

69. Cyrux

70. Drago

71. Topclip Parasol

72. Cypermethrin, High Effect

73. Fury Insecticide

74. Kalif Super

75. Dsstox_cid_3998

76. Cympa-ti

77. Ambush Cy

78. Ammo (pesticide)

79. Demon Tc

80. Dsstox_rid_77252

81. Barricade 10ec

82. Cypermethrin-25ec

83. Dsstox_gsid_23998

84. Fenom (pesticide)

85. 86753-92-6

86. Alpha-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (+-)cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

87. Ai3-29295

88. Dudu Alpha

89. Antiborer 3767

90. Neramethrin Ec 50

91. Cypermetryna [polish]

92. Cypermetryna

93. Vucht 424

94. Wrdc149

95. Barricade (insecticide)

96. Caswell No. 268aa

97. Fastac Duo; Fendona; Fendona 65c; Mageos; Ultimate; Wl 85871

98. Beta Cypermethrin

99. Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

100. Cypermethrine [iso-french]

101. Cas-52315-07-8

102. Ccn 52

103. Ccris 2499

104. Cypermethrin [ansi:bsi:iso]

105. Ecofleece Sheep Dip (non-op)

106. Hsdb 6600

107. [(s)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] (1s,3r)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate

108. Exp 5598

109. Jf 5705f

110. Einecs 257-842-9

111. Fmc 45497

112. Yt 305

113. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 109702

114. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 129064

115. Wl 8517

116. Brn 2422506

117. Aimcocyper

118. Cypromethin

119. Folcord

120. Prevail

121. Ralothrin

122. Ru 27998

123. Sf 06646

124. Unii-1tr49121np

125. Kafil Super

126. Ccris 4067

127. Fligene Ci

128. Wl85871

129. Zetagard (tn)

130. 97955-44-7

131. Alpha -cypermethrin

132. Cypermethrin, Solid

133. .zeta.-cypermethrin

134. Spectrum_001862

135. Cypermethrin, .zeta.-

136. Specplus_000718

137. Spectrum5_001858

138. Cypermethrin [mi]

139. Cypermethrin [iso]

140. Cypermethrin [hsdb]

141. (+-)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropane Carboxylate

142. Ccn52

143. Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcycloptopanecarboxylate

144. Schembl21972

145. Bmk1-h8

146. Bspbio_001598

147. Cypermethrin [mart.]

148. Kbiogr_000318

149. Kbioss_000318

150. Kbioss_002379

151. (+)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(+)-cis,trans-2,2-dichlorovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

152. (+-)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(+-)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane Carboxylate

153. (rs)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1rs)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

154. 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)-, Methyl Ester

155. Cypermethrin [who-dd]

156. Divk1c_006814

157. Chembl373204

158. Dtxsid1023998

159. Bcbcmap01_000010

160. Kbio1_001758

161. Kbio2_000318

162. Kbio2_002375

163. Kbio2_002886

164. Kbio2_004943

165. Kbio2_005454

166. Kbio2_007511

167. Kbio3_000635

168. Kbio3_000636

169. Cypermethrin, >=98% (hplc)

170. Bio1_000414

171. Bio1_000903

172. Bio1_001392

173. Bio2_000318

174. Bio2_000798

175. Hms1361p20

176. Hms1791p20

177. Hms1989p20

178. Hms3264o17

179. Hms3402p20

180. Pharmakon1600-01503606

181. Tox21_113579

182. Tox21_300892

183. Mfcd00055328

184. Nsc760420

185. Akos015899999

186. Tox21_113579_1

187. Ccg-213883

188. Db13721

189. Ks-5077

190. Nsc 760420

191. [cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate

192. Cypermethrin 10 Microg/ml In Isooctane

193. Idi1_034068

194. Ncgc00160389-01

195. Ncgc00160389-03

196. Ncgc00160389-04

197. Ncgc00160389-05

198. Ncgc00160389-06

199. Ncgc00160389-07

200. Ncgc00160389-09

201. Ncgc00163438-01

202. Ncgc00254796-01

203. (rs)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1rs,3rs)-(1rs,3rs)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

204. Ac-22284

205. Cypermethrin 100 Microg/ml In Cyclohexane

206. Sbi-0051832.p002

207. (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(1rs,3rs

208. Cypermethrin 100 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

209. Ft-0603149

210. Ft-0603150

211. Ft-0773601

212. 15c078

213. D07763

214. Ab00052361_02

215. Cypermethrin, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard

216. Q412024

217. Sr-01000872736

218. Sr-01000872736-1

219. Alpha-cypermethrin, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard

220. Cypermethrin, Certified Reference Material, Tracecert(r)

221. (1rs)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

222. 1rs,3sr)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate

223. Alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

224. Alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

225. Alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

226. Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate #

227. Cypermethrin Solution, 100 Mug/ml In Acetonitrile, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard

228. (rs)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1rs,3rs)-(1rs,3rs)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate

229. 3-(2,2-dichloro-vinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane Carboxylic Acid, Cyano (3-phenoxy-phenyl) Methyl Ester

230. 3-(2,2-dichloro-vinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Cyano-(3-phenoxy-phenyl)-methyl Ester

231. 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acid, Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl Ester

232. 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid 3-phenoxy-alpha-cyano-benzyl Ester

233. Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-,cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl Ester

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 416.3 g/mol
Molecular Formula C22H19Cl2NO3
XLogP36
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count7
Exact Mass415.0741989 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass415.0741989 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area59.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count28
Formal Charge0
Complexity643
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Therapeutic Category (Veterinary): ectoparasiticide

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 464


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Insecticides

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)


5.2 ATC Code

P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents

P03 - Ectoparasiticides, incl. scabicides, insecticides and repellents

P03B - Insecticides and repellents

P03BA - Pyrethrines

P03BA02 - Cypermethrin


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

On single oral administration of each of (14)C-(1RS)-trans- and (1RS)-cis-cypermethrin labeled in the benzyl ring, the cyclopropane ring, or the CN group to male and female rats at 1-5 mg/kg, carbon-14 from the acid and alcohol moieties was rapidly and almost completely excreted into the urine and feces. The carbon-14 from the CN group was relatively slowly excreted in the urine and feces, the total recovery being 50-67%. The tissue residues of rats treated with the acid- or alcohol-labeled preparations were generally very low except for the fat (ca. 1 ppm). In contrast, the CN-labeled preparation showed relatively high residue levels, especially in the stomach (contents), intestines, and skin.

Krieger, R. (ed.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2, 2nd ed. 2001. Academic Press, San Diego, California., p. 1268


Dermal exposure to cypermethrin during spray application at up to 46 mg/hr led to an estimation that approximately 3% was absorbed.

Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991., p. 594


Exposure to cypermethrin & its absorption during aerial spraying of an ultra low volume formulation were studied. A contract pilot & mixer/loader at each of two commercial cotton farms in Mississippi were monitored for dermal exposure to cypermethrin during 12 aerial spray applications. Each operation consisted of 1 mixing/loading operation & 1 application of 50 gal of dilute spray soln for about 30 min. Three volunteer mixer/loaders collected their total urine output for 24 hr periods from 1 or 2 days before to 6 days after exposure. Absorption of cypermethrin was evaluated by determining cypermethrin urinary metabolites. All mixer/loaders wore protective equipment. Total potential & actual dermal exposures were estimated. Avg potential exposures (protected & exposed skin) were 1.07 & 10.5 mg/8 hr day (mg/day) for pilots & mixer/loaders, respectively. Actual skin exposures averaged 0.67 mg/day for pilots & 2.43 mg/day for mixer/loaders. 67% of the total potential exposures to pilots occurred on the hands. For the mixer/loaders, exposure involved primarily the arms, trunk, & hands, amounting to 37, 24, & 17% of total exposure, respectively. Absorption by mixer/loaders determined from analyses of urinary metabolites amounted to 46 to 78 ug cypermethrin equivalents per 3 mixed loads & per 12 simulated mixed loads. /It was/ concluded that exposure of pilots & mixer/loaders during aerial application of ultra low volumes is minimal. Only a small proportion of the cypermethrin that contacts the skin is absorbed.

Chester G et al; Arch of Environ Contam and Toxicol 16 (1): 69-78 (1987)


1. Dose excretion studies with cypermethrin (as a 1:1 cis/trans mixture) & alphacypermethrin (1 of the 2 disastereoisomer pairs which constitute cis cypermethrin) were carried out with, in each case, 2 volunteers/dose level. The studies included (a) single oral alphacypermethrin doses of 0.25 mg, 0.50 mg & 0.75 mg followed by repeated alphacypermethrin doses at the same levels, daily for 5 days, (b) repeated oral cypermethrin doses of 0.25 mg, 0.75 mg & 1.5 mg daily for 5 days, & (c) a single dermal application of 25 mg cypermethrin to the forearm. Urine was monitored for the free & conjugated 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid before & after dosing. 2. Metab & rate of excretion of a single oral dose of alphacypermethrin was similar to that of cis cypermethrin, on average, 43% of the dose was excreted as the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the first 24 hr urine. There was no incr in urinary metabolite excretion when alphacypermethrin was admin as a repeated oral dose. Subjects excreted, on average, 49% of the dose as the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the subsequent 24 hr periods after dosing. 3. There was no incr in the urinary cyclopropanecarboxylic acid excretion when cypermethrin was admin as a repeated oral dose. Subjects excreted, on average, 72% of the trans isomer dose & 45% of the cis isomer dose respectively in the subsequent 24 hr periods after dosing. 4. Approx 0.1% of the applied dermal dose of 25 mg cypermethrin was excreted within 72 hr as the urinary cyclopropanecarboxylic acid. No conclusions can be drawn from such urinary excretion data as to the concn of cypermethrin & its metabolites in the skin or other organs, or the possibility of other routes of metab or excretion.

Eadsforth CV et al; Xenobiotica 18 (5): 1988 603-14


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CYPERMETHRIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

In the case of cypermethrin, the relative importance of an esterase attack as opposed to an oxidative one is more important than for permethrin; for trans-cypermethrin the ratio is 93.2% to 17.3% and for cis-cypermethrin 41.5% to 37.6% in the mouse system. In case of deltamethrin (which has only a cis-isomer) the ratio is 28.3% to 41%. Since the mouse system shows a high oxidative ratio, the above figures seem to indicate that esterase metabolism in these pyrethroids is at least as important as the oxidative ones.

Matsumura, F. Toxicology of Insecticides. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Plenum Press, 1985., p. 286


The major degradation pathway of cypermethrin is hydrolysis of the ester linkage to /yield ultimately/ 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. (From the cis-isomer both cis- and trans- cyclopropanecarboxylic acids are found.) A minor degradative route is ring hydroxylation to give an alpha-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzyl ester followed by hydrolysis to produce the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acid.

Aizawa, H. Metabolic Maps of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1982., p. 186


When administered to rats and mice, a large part of trans-cypermethrin was eliminated in urine in 24 hr. Under similar conditions, 80% of administered 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was eliminated. When cis-cypermethrin was administered, more was excreted via feces. The major urinary metabolite in mice, from trans-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, was identified with the aid of MS and NMR as N-(3-phenoxybenzoyl)taurine. A minor metabolite was identified as the sulfate of 3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid. The taurine conjugate was not found in the rat urine. In rats, the major metabolite was the sulfate conjugate of 3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-benzoic acid. Mouse liver microsomal + NADPH preparations hydroxylated trans- and cis-cypermethrin at the t- and c-methyl groups and the 4' and 5 positions. Hydroxylation at the 5 position of trans-cypermethrin was detected only with microsomes treated with tetraethyl pyrophosphate to inhibit esterase activity.

Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980., p. 471


The major metabolic reactions of trans- and cis-cypermethrin were cleavage of ester linkage, oxidation at the trans- and cis-methyl cyclopropane ring and at 4'-position of the phenoxy group, and conversion of the CN group to SCN ion. The following minor species differences were observed: (1) oxidation at 5- and 6-positions of the alcohol moiety was observed in mice but not in rats; (2) ester metabolites such as 2'-OH, 5-OH, and trans-OH,4'-OH-cypermethrin were detected in feces of mice but not of rats. The remarkable species difference in metabolites was the PBacid-taurine conjugate, which was the predominant metabolite in mice, but it was not detected in rats.

Krieger, R. (ed.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2, 2nd ed. 2001. Academic Press, San Diego, California., p. 1268


For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for CYPERMETHRIN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.5 Mechanism of Action

Pyrethroid insecticides are synthetic neurotoxins patterned after the naturally occurring pyrethrins. Their mechanism of action is thought to involve effects primarily at the voltage-sensitive sodium channel of both insect & mammalian neurons, although recent studies have raised the possibility that these cmpds may also act at the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-chloride ionophore complex. Here we show that active pyrethroids of the alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl class allosterically enhance the binding of (3)H-batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha-benzoate to voltage-sensitive sodium channels of rat brain in a dose-dependent & stereospecific manner. Comparison of the rank order of potency for enhancement of (3)H-batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha-benzoate binding & insecticidal activity in a series of toxic steroisomers of cypermethrin, representative of the class, reveals a correlation between the two measures. These results support a sodium channel site model for pyrethroid action & suggest a useful & practical method to help evaluate the relationship between the sodium channel & insecticidal potency for members of this class of cmpds.

PMID:2455860 Brown GB et al; Mol Pharmacol 34 (1): 54-9 (1988)


Following absorption through the chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods, pyrethrins stimulate the nervous system, apparently by competitively interfering with cationic conductances in the lipid layer of nerve cells, thereby blocking nerve impulse transmissions. Paralysis and death follow. /Pyrethrins/

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 2000.Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2000 (Plus Supplements)., p. 3203


The efforts of this study were directed at defining the importance of esterases, mixed function oxidases and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in in vitro covalent binding of cismethrin and the two cyanopyrethroids, cypermethrin and deltamethrin to phenobarbital induced rat liver homogenate and microsomes. Each enzyme system was selectively inhibited to elucidate the activation mechanism involved. Piperonyl-butoxide and carbon-monoxide were used to inhibit mixed function oxidases. Tetraethylpyrophosphate inhibited esterase and trichloropropene-oxide inhibited epoxide-hydrolase. Potassium cyanide or rotenone was used to block the mitochondrial electron transport. The study demonstrated that covalent binding of cismethrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin was dependent on pyrethroid concentration. Inhibition of esterases and mitochondrial respiration only slightly altered the covalent binding level. Inhibition of cytochrome p450 and mixed function oxidases reduced the covalent binding, making it almost nonexistent. The covalent binding was decreased by 50% through an 80% inhibition of epoxide-hydrolase. In vitro, the comparison of data between alcohol and acid labeling of the same pyrethroid suggested that the whole molecule was bound to proteins in an activation process, perhaps epoxidation, and that hydrolysis could only occur afterwards. The role of cytochrome p450 dependent monooxygenases in the covalent binding process was stressed.

PMID:2764708 Catinot R et al; Archives of Toxicology 63 (3): 214-20 (1989)


Interaction with sodium channels is not the only mechanism of action proposed for the pyrethroids. Their effects on the CNS have led various workers to suggest actions via antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, modulation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, enhancement of noradrenaline release, or actions on calcium ions. Since neurotransmitter specific pharmacological agents offer only poor or partial protection against poisoning, it is unlikely that one of these effects represents the primary mechanism of action of the pyrethroids, & most neurotransmitter release is secondary to incr sodium entry. /Pyrethroids/

Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991., p. 588


For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for CYPERMETHRIN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


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