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Chemistry

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Also known as: Choline ion, Bilineurine, 62-49-7, Choline cation, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium, Cholinum
Molecular Formula
C5H14NO+
Molecular Weight
104.17  g/mol
InChI Key
OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
N91BDP6H0X

Choline
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
1 2D Structure

Choline

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1
2.1.3 InChI Key
OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CCO
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
N91BDP6H0X
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium

2. Bitartrate, Choline

3. Bursine

4. Chloride, Choline

5. Choline Bitartrate

6. Choline Chloride

7. Choline Citrate

8. Choline Hydroxide

9. Choline O Sulfate

10. Choline O-sulfate

11. Citrate, Choline

12. Fagine

13. Hydroxide, Choline

14. O-sulfate, Choline

15. Vidine

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Choline Ion

2. Bilineurine

3. 62-49-7

4. Choline Cation

5. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium

6. Cholinum

7. Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-

8. (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

9. Trimethylethanolamine

10. N-trimethylethanolamine

11. Vitamin J

12. 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium

13. Ccris 5847

14. Ai3-24208

15. Brn 1736748

16. N,n,n-trimethylethanol-ammonium

17. Chebi:15354

18. (beta-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

19. Chembl920

20. N91bdp6h0x

21. (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium

22. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-ethanaminium

23. Bilineurine; Choline Cation; Choline Ion; Nanoveson C; Vitamin J

24. Cht

25. Nsc402838

26. Ncgc00015219-03

27. Einecs 200-535-1

28. Unii-n91bdp6h0x

29. 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium

30. 1oba

31. 2reg

32. 3ppq

33. Choline (dcf)

34. Choline (8ci)

35. Nanoveson C

36. Spectrum_000258

37. 2ha3

38. 3r6u

39. Choline [vandf]

40. Choline [mi]

41. Spectrum2_001938

42. Spectrum4_000867

43. Spectrum5_001579

44. Lopac-c-1754

45. Choline [who-dd]

46. Bmse000285

47. Bmse000953

48. Bmse001003

49. Epitope Id:116046

50. Schembl3142

51. Lopac0_000180

52. Kbiogr_001533

53. Kbioss_000738

54. 3-04-00-00651 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

55. Divk1c_000107

56. N,n,n-trimethylethanolammonium

57. Spbio_001975

58. Gtpl4551

59. Dtxsid8043789

60. Kbio1_000107

61. Kbio2_000738

62. Kbio2_003306

63. Kbio2_005874

64. Nsc6393

65. Ninds_000107

66. (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl Ammonium

67. Mono-2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium

68. Nsc-6393

69. Zinc3079337

70. Bbl005532

71. Bdbm50026220

72. Stl137772

73. Akos005721137

74. 2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

75. Ccg-204275

76. Db00122

77. Idi1_000107

78. Ncgc00015219-01

79. Ncgc00015219-02

80. Ncgc00015219-04

81. Ncgc00015219-07

82. Ncgc00015219-10

83. Ncgc00162082-01

84. Carbachol Impurity A [ep Impurity]

85. Sbi-0050168.p003

86. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylammonium Chloride

87. (.beta.-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

88. C00114

89. D07690

90. Ab00053822_02

91. Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl- (9ci)

92. Q193166

93. Acetylcholine Chloride Impurity A [ep Impurity]

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 104.17 g/mol
Molecular Formula C5H14NO+
XLogP3-0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass104.107539070 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass104.107539070 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count7
Formal Charge1
Complexity46.5
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

This compound is needed for good nerve conduction throughout the CNS (central nervous system) as it is a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is also needed for gallbladder regulation, liver function and lecithin (a key lipid) formation. Choline also aids in fat and cholesterol metabolism and prevents excessive fat build up in the liver. Choline has been used to mitigate the effects of Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Choline deficiencies may result in excessive build-up of fat in the liver, high blood pressure, gastric ulcers, kidney and liver dysfunction and stunted growth.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Lipotropic Agents

Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues. (See all compounds classified as Lipotropic Agents.)


Nootropic Agents

Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias. These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. (See all compounds classified as Nootropic Agents.)


5.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

Choline has known human metabolites that include Trimethylazanium and acetaldehyde.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


5.4 Mechanism of Action

Choline is a major part of the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine's role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity is vital to all of the basic biological processes: information flow, intracellular communication and bioenergetics. Inadequate choline intake would negatively affect all these processes. Choline is also a major part of another membrane phospholipid, sphingomyelin, also important for the maintenance of cell structure and function. It is noteworthy and not surprising that choline deficiency in cell culture causes apoptosis or programmed cell death. This appears to be due to abnormalities in cell membrane phosphatidylcholine content and an increase in ceramide, a precursor, as well as a metabolite, of sphingomyelin. Ceramide accumulation, which is caused by choline deficiency, appears to activate Caspase, a type of enzyme that mediates apoptosis. Betaine or trimethylglycine is derived from choline via an oxidation reaction. Betaine is one of the factors that maintains low levels of homocysteine by resynthesizing L-methionine from homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, as well as other cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters and requires choline for its synthesis. Adequate acetylcholine levels in the brain are believed to be protective against certain types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.


USDMF

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Siegfried Evionnaz Sa

Switzerland
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Virtual BoothSiegfried – A global CDMO delivering integrated pharmaceutical development and manufacturing solutions.

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DMF Review : N/A

Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 7329

Submission : 1988-02-12

Status : Active

Type : II

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PEGS Boston Summit
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DMF Review : N/A

Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 27301

Submission : 2013-10-01

Status : Active

Type : II

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Knoll Ag Ludwigshafen

U.S.A

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Nof Corp

Japan

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Nof Corp

Japan
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GDUFA

DMF Review : N/A

Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 20764

Submission : 2007-08-08

Status : Active

Type : II

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Nof Corp

Japan

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Nof Corp

Japan
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GDUFA

DMF Review : N/A

Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 16987

Submission : 2003-11-14

Status : Active

Type : II

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Nof Corp

Japan

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Nof Corp

Japan
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GDUFA

DMF Review : N/A

Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 22208

Submission : 2008-11-19

Status : Active

Type : II

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Orgamol Sa

Switzerland

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Orgamol Sa

Switzerland
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DMF Review : N/A

Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 3475

Submission : 1978-12-22

Status : Inactive

Type : II

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Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh

Germany

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Rev. Date :

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DMF Number : 3972

Submission : 1980-09-12

Status : Inactive

Type : II

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HRV Pharma

India
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Choline

About the Company : HRV Pharma is a global manufacturer, seller, and exporter of APIs, intermediates, pellets, food-grade chemicals, food additives, and food ingredients. The company provides sourcing...

HRV Pharma is a global manufacturer, seller, and exporter of APIs, intermediates, pellets, food-grade chemicals, food additives, and food ingredients. The company provides sourcing, manufacturing, and supply services to support partners entering new markets worldwide. HRV Pharma works closely with major pharma and food additive companies and represents over 30 Indian drugmakers, primarily serving Europe, the US, and the Middle East. Headquartered in India, it operates offices in the US, Switzerland, Dubai, Lithuania, and Turkey. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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Virtual BoothPI Health Sciences: Biotech for Hire providing end-to-end discovery and development powered by chemistry, biology, and AI.

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Choline

About the Company : PI Health Sciences offers end-to-end drug discovery and development, integrating medicinal chemistry, synthetic chemistry, biology, and AI-driven technologies. Its co-located teams...

PI Health Sciences offers end-to-end drug discovery and development, integrating medicinal chemistry, synthetic chemistry, biology, and AI-driven technologies. Its co-located teams and flexible models accelerate candidate optimization to IND readiness. With expertise in complex chemistries, process R&D, and scalable API/HPAPI manufacturing in India and Italy, PI Health Sciences ensures quality, reliability, and global compliance, partnering with pharma and biotech for fast, precise innovation. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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Oxtriphylline

About the Company : Minakem Montreal is developing and manufacturing small molecules APIs and advanced intermediates, including corticosteroids. Following efficient processes and methodologies, our em...

Minakem Montreal is developing and manufacturing small molecules APIs and advanced intermediates, including corticosteroids. Following efficient processes and methodologies, our employees operate a regularly inspected cGMP facility equipped with reactors ranging from 40 to 7,600 litres. Located in Montreal, Canada, we have contributed to the success of our North-American and international clients since 1964.
Minakem Delmar

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Virtual BoothPharm-Rx is a reputed global importer and distributor of pharmaceutical active ingredients.

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Choline Salicylate

About the Company : Established in 1991, Pharm-Rx is an importer and distributor of active ingredients serving the pharmaceutical, nutritional supplement, and food industries. The company follows a hi...

Established in 1991, Pharm-Rx is an importer and distributor of active ingredients serving the pharmaceutical, nutritional supplement, and food industries. The company follows a highly selective supplier qualification process, including direct visits to overseas manufacturers, to maintain high quality standards. Pharm-Rx’s growth is driven by a consistent focus on quality ingredients, competitive pricing, and customer service. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
Pharm RX

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Siegfried AG

Switzerland
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Virtual BoothSiegfried – A global CDMO delivering integrated pharmaceutical development and manufacturing solutions.

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Choline Salicylate

About the Company : Siegfried is a global Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization providing integrated services for pharmaceutical ingredients & finished dosage forms. With 13 production s...

Siegfried is a global Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization providing integrated services for pharmaceutical ingredients & finished dosage forms. With 13 production sites across three continents, we support customers across the full value chain, from process development and optimization to manufacturing, packaging, and logistics. Founded in 1873 in Zofingen, Switzerland, Siegfried combines deep pharmaceutical and chemical expertise with global scale to deliver high-quality medicines reliably to patients worldwide. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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Choline Dihydrogen Citrate

About the Company : Ayon PharmaChem is an independent outsourcing agency specializing in API, chemicals, and intermediates sourcing—alleviating procurement challenges for pharmaceutical companies. O...

Ayon PharmaChem is an independent outsourcing agency specializing in API, chemicals, and intermediates sourcing—alleviating procurement challenges for pharmaceutical companies. Our team of experienced professionals leverages deep technical expertise in API manufacturing to identify top suppliers tailored to your needs. We aim to be your trusted partner for seamless sourcing of any API-related requirements, ensuring success and reliability.
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Enomark

India
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Enomark

India
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Choline Salicylate

About the Company : ENOMARK Group of Companies stands as a prominent Contract Manufacturer, boasting a cutting-edge manufacturing facility in Ahmadabad (Gujarat) that complies with WHO-GMP standards. ...

ENOMARK Group of Companies stands as a prominent Contract Manufacturer, boasting a cutting-edge manufacturing facility in Ahmadabad (Gujarat) that complies with WHO-GMP standards. ENOMARK is known for its extensive product portfolio, which includes Tablets, Capsules, Dry Syrups, Protein Powders, Soft Gelatin Capsules, Gummy Candy, Liquid Orals, Oral Spray, Effervescent Tablets, Sachets and Oil.
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Choline Bicarbonate

About the Company : Jinan Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., founded in Jinan, capital of Shandong province since 2013. We are sales representive for our own factory: Jinan Jiuan Ester Chemical Co., Ltd....

Jinan Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., founded in Jinan, capital of Shandong province since 2013. We are sales representive for our own factory: Jinan Jiuan Ester Chemical Co., Ltd.. Combined with our knowledge and experience, we dedicated to the industry of additives for food, pharma. The product is used in the human’s nutritional supplement, API, personal care & cosmetics industry.
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Choline Salicylate

About the Company : Kreative Organics Private Limited is a manufacturer of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) for the world market. Kreative started operations in 1990. Kreative was established ...

Kreative Organics Private Limited is a manufacturer of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) for the world market. Kreative started operations in 1990. Kreative was established by Dr. S. Krishnamohan. Dr. Krishnamohan was formerly with TIFR, BARC, Caltech and NASA. He is a scientist of international repute and runs Kreative with professionalism and a focus on innovation. Kreative maintains strict quality standards and has developed a robust quality system around which all of our products are manufactured. Kreative invested in a state of the art cGMP facility in 2005 and expanded it to a US FDA class facility in 2013.
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Choline Bitartrate

About the Company : PharmHe Global Corp offers comprehensive Pharmaceutical, Medical and Nutrition ingredients and services. PharmHe Global Corp team is made up of staff with strong pharmaceutical bac...

PharmHe Global Corp offers comprehensive Pharmaceutical, Medical and Nutrition ingredients and services. PharmHe Global Corp team is made up of staff with strong pharmaceutical background, combining our technical expertise with significant experience in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and nutrition industries, we are able to provide customized services to our clients around the world. We have offices, warehouses and manufacturers operating in Europe , Asia and USA since 1989.
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ABOUT THIS PAGE

Looking for 62-49-7 / Choline API manufacturers, exporters & distributors?

Choline manufacturers, exporters & distributors 1

77

PharmaCompass offers a list of Choline API manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by GMP, USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Choline manufacturer or Choline supplier for your needs.

Send us enquiries for free, and we will assist you in establishing a direct connection with your preferred Choline manufacturer or Choline supplier.

API | Excipient name

Choline

Synonyms

Choline ion, Bilineurine, 62-49-7, Choline cation, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium, Cholinum

Cas Number

62-49-7

Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)

N91BDP6H0X

About Choline

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Choline Manufacturers

A Choline manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Choline, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Choline manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Choline API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

click here to find a list of Choline manufacturers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, and COA related information on PhamaCompass.

Choline Suppliers

A Choline supplier is an individual or a company that provides Choline active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Choline finished formulations upon request. The Choline suppliers may include Choline API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

click here to find a list of Choline suppliers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, and COA related information on PharmaCompass.

Choline USDMF

A Choline DMF (Drug Master File) is a document detailing the whole manufacturing process of Choline active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in detail. Different forms of Choline DMFs exist exist since differing nations have different regulations, such as Choline USDMF, ASMF (EDMF), JDMF, CDMF, etc.

A Choline DMF submitted to regulatory agencies in the US is known as a USDMF. Choline USDMF includes data on Choline's chemical properties, information on the facilities and procedures used, and details about packaging and storage. The Choline USDMF is kept confidential to protect the manufacturer’s intellectual property.

click here to find a list of Choline suppliers with USDMF on PharmaCompass.

Choline JDMF

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) established the Japan Drug Master File (JDMF), also known as the Master File (MF), to permit Japanese and foreign manufacturers of drug substances, intermediates, excipients, raw materials, and packaging materials (‘Products’) to voluntarily register confidential information about the production and management of their products in Japan.

The Choline Drug Master File in Japan (Choline JDMF) empowers Choline API manufacturers to present comprehensive information (e.g., production methods, data, etc.) to the review authority, i.e., PMDA (Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency).

PMDA reviews the Choline JDMF during the approval evaluation for pharmaceutical products. At the time of Choline JDMF registration, PMDA checks if the format is accurate, if the necessary items have been included (application), and if data has been attached.

click here to find a list of Choline suppliers with JDMF on PharmaCompass.

Choline KDMF

In Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is in charge of regulating pharmaceutical products and services.

Pharmaceutical companies submit a Choline Drug Master File in Korea (Choline KDMF) to the MFDS, which includes comprehensive information about the production, processing, facilities, materials, packaging, and testing of Choline. The MFDS reviews the Choline KDMF as part of the drug registration process and uses the information provided in the Choline KDMF to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug.

After submitting a Choline KDMF to the MFDS, the registered manufacturer can provide importers or distributors with the registration number without revealing confidential information to Korean business partners. Applicants seeking to register their Choline API can apply through the Korea Drug Master File (KDMF).

click here to find a list of Choline suppliers with KDMF on PharmaCompass.

Choline WC

A Choline written confirmation (Choline WC) is an official document issued by a regulatory agency to a Choline manufacturer, verifying that the manufacturing facility of a Choline active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations of the importing country. When exporting Choline APIs or Choline finished pharmaceutical products to another nation, regulatory agencies frequently require a Choline WC (written confirmation) as part of the regulatory process.

click here to find a list of Choline suppliers with Written Confirmation (WC) on PharmaCompass.

Choline GMP

Choline Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

PharmaCompass offers a list of Choline GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Choline GMP manufacturer or Choline GMP API supplier for your needs.

Choline CoA

A Choline CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Choline's compliance with Choline specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

Choline CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Choline CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

Choline may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Choline EP), Choline JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Choline USP).

Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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