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    FDA’s list of off-patent drugs suggests higher approvals of first generics in 2022

    FDA’s list of off-patent drugs suggests higher approvals of first generics in 2022

    We usher in 2023 with the key highlights of the US Food and Drug Administration’s December 2022 list of Off-Patent, Off-Exclusivity (OPOE) Drugs with No Approved Generics. With this list, the FDA hopes to bolster competitiveness in the generics market.The OPOE list gets updated every six months. Such updates are a part of FDA’s initiative to improve transparency and encourage the development and submission of abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) in markets with little competition.Since 2017, the FDA has been publishing the OPOE list of drugs without an approved generic. For a year now, the FDA has been publishing two versions of the OPOE list — one for prescription drug products and one for over-the-counter (OTC) drug products that are approved and marketed under a new drug approval (NDA).View FDA's 2022 List of Off-Patent and Off-Exclusivity Drugs (Free Excel)Four new applications added to Dec 2022 list; 96 first generics approved last yearWhile the FDA’s June 2022 list of OPOE Drugs with No Approved Generics had 98 new applications for prescription drugs, the December 2022 list saw a sharp decline — only four new applications were added during this period. We had witnessed a similar trend in 2021 — the December 2021 list had only 16 new applications as opposed to 35 new applications in the June 2021 list.The four new applications were for diclofenamide (a drug to treat glaucoma), ephedrine sulfate (a drug used to treat asthma and heart failure that also acts as a central nervous system stimulant), meloxicam (an arthritis drug) and pemetrexed (a chemotherapy medication). In May 2022, the FDA approved the first generics for pemetrexed injection developed by several companies, including Accord Healthcare, Fresenius Kabi, Apotex, Qilu Pharmaceutical, Biocon, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories and Zydus, to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma. Almost one-third of the prescription products – 184 out of 505 – are drug products delivered as injectables, and 68 entries are for oral solid dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules and modified release forms).In the June 2022 list, a total of 60 OTC drug products were listed. This time too, the same number of OTC drug products figured in the OPOE list. These include antiseptic agent chlorhexidine gluconate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, anti-allergy drug loratadine and painkiller acetaminophen. Of these, 19 are delivered as oral solid dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules and modified release forms).In 2022, the FDA approved 96 first generics. This is slightly higher than the 93 approved by the agency in 2021.As the name suggests, “first generics” are the first approvals handed by the FDA to manufacturers to market a generic product in the United States. The agency considers first generics to be important to public health, and prioritizes review of these submissions.View FDA's 2022 List of Off-Patent and Off-Exclusivity Drugs (Free Excel)AbbVie’s Humira, Novartis’ Entresto to finally face generic competitionAbbVie is facing one of the steepest patent cliffs in the industry’s history, with Humira slated to face the onslaught of eight biosimilars this year. The blockbuster drug had generated US$ 21.2 billion in 2021. Amgen’s Humira biosimilar – Amjevita – will hit the market this month. The other Humira biosimilars that will be launched this year include Abrilada (Pfizer), Cyltezo (Boehringer), Hadlima (Samsung Bioepis), Hyrimoz (Sandoz), Hulio (Viatris) and Yusimry (Coherus BioSciences). In mid-December, Fresenius Kabi became the latest company to win US approval for its Humira copycat — Idacio.Novartis’ heart failure drug Entresto will also go off patent this month. The blockbuster drug had generated US$ 3.5 billion in 2021.View FDA's 2022 List of Off-Patent and Off-Exclusivity Drugs (Free Excel)Our viewIn our previous OPOE drug listing, we had talked about FDA’s intent to bring down drug prices, with the agency putting 98 new applications of prescription drugs in the OPOE list for June 2022. That intent has only become stronger with the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the FDA joining hands to promote competition. The two bodies are working towards improving the patent system in an effort to stop its misuse through “patent thickets”, “evergreening” and “product-hopping”. With this clear intent to lower drug prices in the US, the OPOE lists for 2023 and beyond are likely to get more interesting. For now, all eyes are set on what generic competition will do to blockbusters like AbbVie’s Humira and Novartis’ Entresto.

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    https://www.pharmacompass.com/radio-compass-blog/fda-s-list-of-off-patent-drugs-suggests-higher-approvals-of-first-generics-in-2022

    #PharmaFlow by PHARMACOMPASS
    05 Jan 2023
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    Top drugs and pharmaceutical companies of 2019 by revenues

    Top drugs and pharmaceutical companies of 2019 by revenues

    Acquisitions and spin-offs dominated headlines in 2019 and the tone was set very early with Bristol-Myers Squibb acquiring New Jersey-based cancer drug company Celgene in a US$ 74 billion deal announced on January 3, 2019. After factoring in debt, the deal value ballooned to about US$ 95 billion, which according to data compiled by Refinitiv, made it the largest healthcare deal on record. In the summer, AbbVie Inc, which sells the world’s best-selling drug Humira, announced its acquisition of Allergan Plc, known for Botox and other cosmetic treatments, for US$ 63 billion. While the companies are still awaiting regulatory approval for their deal, with US$ 49 billion in combined 2019 revenues, the merged entity would rank amongst the biggest in the industry. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available) The big five by pharmaceutical sales — Pfizer, Roche, J&J, Novartis and Merck Pfizer continued to lead companies by pharmaceutical sales by reporting annual 2019 revenues of US$ 51.8 billion, a decrease of US$ 1.9 billion, or 4 percent, compared to 2018. The decline was primarily attributed to the loss of exclusivity of Lyrica in 2019, which witnessed its sales drop from US$ 5 billion in 2018 to US$ 3.3 billion in 2019. In 2018, Pfizer’s then incoming CEO Albert Bourla had mentioned that the company did not see the need for any large-scale M&A activity as Pfizer had “the best pipeline” in its history, which needed the company to focus on deploying its capital to keep its pipeline flowing and execute on its drug launches. Bourla stayed true to his word and barring the acquisition of Array Biopharma for US$ 11.4 billion and a spin-off to merge Upjohn, Pfizer’s off-patent branded and generic established medicines business with Mylan, there weren’t any other big ticket deals which were announced. The Upjohn-Mylan merged entity will be called Viatris and is expected to have 2020 revenues between US$ 19 and US$ 20 billion and could outpace Teva to become the largest generic company in the world, in term of revenues.  Novartis, which had followed Pfizer with the second largest revenues in the pharmaceutical industry in 2018, reported its first full year earnings after spinning off its Alcon eye care devices business division that had US$ 7.15 billion in 2018 sales. In 2019, Novartis slipped two spots in the ranking after reporting total sales of US$ 47.4 billion and its CEO Vas Narasimhan continued his deal-making spree by buying New Jersey-headquartered The Medicines Company (MedCo) for US$ 9.7 billion to acquire a late-stage cholesterol-lowering therapy named inclisiran. As Takeda Pharmaceutical Co was busy in 2019 on working to reduce its debt burden incurred due to its US$ 62 billion purchase of Shire Plc, which was announced in 2018, Novartis also purchased the eye-disease medicine, Xiidra, from the Japanese drugmaker for US$ 5.3 billion. Novartis’ management also spent a considerable part of 2019 dealing with data-integrity concerns which emerged from its 2018 buyout of AveXis, the gene-therapy maker Novartis had acquired for US$ 8.7 billion. The deal gave Novartis rights to Zolgensma, a novel treatment intended for children less than two years of age with the most severe form of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Priced at US$ 2.1 million, Zolgensma is currently the world’s most expensive drug. However, in a shocking announcement, a month after approving the drug, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a press release on data accuracy issues as the agency was informed by AveXis that its personnel had manipulated data which the FDA used to evaluate product comparability and nonclinical (animal) pharmacology as part of the biologics license application (BLA), which was submitted and reviewed by the FDA. With US$ 50.0 billion (CHF 48.5 billion) in annual pharmaceutical sales, Swiss drugmaker Roche came in at number two position in 2019 as its sales grew 11 percent driven by its multiple sclerosis medicine Ocrevus, haemophilia drug Hemlibra and cancer medicines Tecentriq and Perjeta. Roche’s newly introduced medicines generated US$ 5.53 billion (CHF 5.4 billion) in growth, helping offset the impact of the competition from biosimilars for its three best-selling drugs MabThera/Rituxan, Herceptin and Avastin. In late 2019, after months of increased antitrust scrutiny, Roche completed its US$ 5.1 billion acquisition of Spark Therapeutics to strengthen its presence in gene therapy. Last year, J&J reported almost flat worldwide sales of US$ 82.1 billion. J&J’s pharmaceutical division generated US$ 42.20 billion and its medical devices and consumer health divisions brought in US$ 25.96 billion and US$ 13.89 billion respectively.  Since J&J’s consumer health division sells analgesics, digestive health along with beauty and oral care products, the US$ 5.43 billion in consumer health sales from over-the-counter drugs and women’s health products was only used in our assessment of J&J’s total pharmaceutical revenues. With combined pharmaceutical sales of US$ 47.63 billion, J&J made it to number three on our list. While the sales of products like Stelara, Darzalex, Imbruvica, Invega Sustenna drove J&J’s pharmaceutical business to grow by 4 percent over 2018, the firm had to contend with generic competition against key revenue contributors Remicade and Zytiga. US-headquartered Merck, which is known as MSD (short for Merck Sharp & Dohme) outside the United States and Canada, is set to significantly move up the rankings next year fueled by its cancer drug Keytruda, which witnessed a 55 percent increase in sales to US$ 11.1 billion. Merck reported total revenues of US$ 41.75 billion and also announced it will spin off its women’s health drugs, biosimilar drugs and older products to create a new pharmaceutical company with US$ 6.5 billion in annual revenues. The firm had anticipated 2020 sales between US$ 48.8 billion and US$  50.3 billion however this week it announced that the coronavirus  pandemic will reduce 2020 sales by more than $2 billion. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)  Humira holds on to remain world’s best-selling drug AbbVie’s acquisition of Allergan comes as the firm faces the expiration of patent protection for Humira, which brought in a staggering US$ 19.2 billion in sales last year for the company. AbbVie has failed to successfully acquire or develop a major new product to replace the sales generated by its flagship drug. In 2019, Humira’s US revenues increased 8.6 percent to US$ 14.86 billion while internationally, due to biosimilar competition, the sales dropped 31.1 percent to US$ 4.30 billion. Bristol Myers Squibb’s Eliquis, which is also marketed by Pfizer, maintained its number two position and posted total sales of US$ 12.1 billion, a 23 percent increase over 2018. While Bristol Myers Squibb’s immunotherapy treatment Opdivo, sold in partnership with Ono in Japan, saw sales increase from US$ 7.57 billion to US$ 8.0 billion, the growth paled in comparison to the US$ 3.9 billion revenue increase of Opdivo’s key immunotherapy competitor Merck’s Keytruda. Keytruda took the number three spot in drug sales that previously belonged to Celgene’s Revlimid, which witnessed a sales decline from US$ 9.69 billion to US$ 9.4 billion. Cancer treatment Imbruvica, which is marketed by J&J and AbbVie, witnessed a 30 percent increase in sales. With US$ 8.1 billion in 2019 revenues, it took the number five position. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available) Vaccines – Covid-19 turns competitors into partners This year has been dominated by the single biggest health emergency in years — the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. As drugs continue to fail to meet expectations, vaccine development has received a lot of attention.  GSK reported the highest vaccine sales of all drugmakers with total sales of US$ 8.4 billion (GBP 7.16 billion), a significant portion of its total sales of US$ 41.8 billion (GBP 33.754 billion).   US-based Merck’s vaccine division also reported a significant increase in sales to US$ 8.0 billion and in 2019 received FDA and EU approval to market its Ebola vaccine Ervebo. This is the first FDA-authorized vaccine against the deadly virus which causes hemorrhagic fever and spreads from person to person through direct contact with body fluids. Pfizer and Sanofi also reported an increase in their vaccine sales to US$ 6.4 billion and US$ 6.2 billion respectively and the Covid-19 pandemic has recently pushed drugmakers to move faster than ever before and has also converted competitors into partners. In a rare move, drug behemoths  — Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) —joined hands to develop a vaccine for the novel coronavirus. The two companies plan to start human trials in the second half of this year, and if things go right, they will file for potential approvals by the second half of 2021.  View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)  Our view Covid-19 has brought the world economy to a grinding halt and shifted the global attention to the pharmaceutical industry’s capability to deliver solutions to address this pandemic.  Our compilation shows that vaccines and drugs for infectious diseases currently form a tiny fraction of the total sales of pharmaceutical companies and few drugs against infectious diseases rank high on the sales list. This could well explain the limited range of options currently available to fight Covid-19. With the pandemic currently infecting over 3 million people spread across more than 200 countries, we can safely conclude that the scenario in 2020 will change substantially. And so should our compilation of top drugs for the year. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)   

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    https://www.pharmacompass.com/radio-compass-blog/top-drugs-and-pharmaceutical-companies-of-2019-by-revenues

    #PharmaFlow by PHARMACOMPASS
    29 Apr 2020
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    Chinese industrial activity revival at 98.6 percent, officials assure of API supplies

    Chinese industrial activity revival at 98.6 percent, officials assure of API supplies

    While the world feels the heat of the Covid-19 pandemic with the global pharmaceutical supply chain getting impacted, normalcy is returning to China. According to new reports, the production of drugs and APIs in China is also returning to normal. In a press conference held by top Chinese officials this week, the country’s ministers highlighted that as of March 28, the average operating rate of industrial enterprises across China had reached 98.6 percent and the production of some key vitamin, antibiotic and analgesic raw material drug companies had returned to normal with yields of major products reaching above 80 percent.  Officials had paid heed to resumption of production   The officials highlighted that during the critical period of epidemic prevention and control, the Chinese government had paid close attention to the resumption of production of API companies. After receiving reports that some companies in Hubei had not resumed work, which would impact the supply chains of products like metronidazole, ibuprofen, and taurine, the authorities urgently coordinated with the relevant departments of Hubei, other provinces, cities and counties to carry out key scheduling for some API manufacturers and actively organized employees to return to work. However, despite these initiatives, due to the impact of the epidemic, wherein some enterprises had stopped production and subsequently faced challenges with logistics and transportation difficulties, there was a shortfall in supply. The export volume of APIs did decrease this year compared with the same period last year and the officials estimated that most products witnessed a drop of about 10 to 20 percent, and in some cases the decline of individual varieties had reached 30 percent. Repeated communications between the officials and these companies revealed that the main contributor to the decline in exports was sea freight, as international shipping had greatly reduced, and transportation costs have also increased. Although international transportation has become a bottleneck for the supply of some APIs, the press conference highlighted that the output of other APIs had exceeded the level of the same period last year. China to meet global demand for chloroquine   The officials made a special mention of medications like chloroquine phosphate which have received significant attention as a potential treatment of the novel coronavirus. After chloroquine phosphate was identified as a potentially effective treatment, the government worked with the two major API manufacturers in China to organize the companies to meet international demand. For example, Chongqing Kangle Pharmaceuticals exported 4.9 tons of chloroquine APIs within five days. This news from China is encouraging to the global supply chain as following the rising interest in a chloroquine analog — Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) — the Indian government issued a directive which prohibits the export of HCQ API and formulations made from HCQ. The directive did, however, offer exemptions to exports from special economic zones/export-oriented units and in cases where export is made to fulfill an export obligation under any advance license issued on or before the date of the notification. Last week, Hungary, which is also one of the world’s largest exporters of HCQ, also banned the commercial export of the ingredient and the United Kingdom (UK) banned the export of finished formulations of HCQ as part of a list of 135 medicines posted that cannot be exported from the UK because they were needed for the UK patients. In early March, the Indian government had also restricted the exports of 13 APIs along with some of their finished formulations. The list included paracetamol tinidazole metronidazole acyclovir vitamin B1 vitamin B6 vitamin B12 progesterone chloramphenicol and neomycin. However, a recent report published in The Economic Times highlighted that out of 13 drugs whose exports were restricted, the government is likely to lift the ban on the following five APIs — paracetamol, tinidazole, metronidazole, ornidazole and azithromycin. There were also reports of significant pressure from the US on the Indian government for products like paracetamol and the officials expect the ban to be lifted in the coming days. The Chinese officials further went on to provide assurances that the supply of chloroquine phosphate can be increased in accordance with international market demand and that China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will also organize the implementation of monitoring and production scheduling of key products, coordinate and solve the export transportation difficulties encountered by enterprises and strengthen communication.  Our view   The press conference highlighted that China attaches great importance to the safety of the global pharmaceutical industry supply chain and President Xi Jinping had promised at the G20 summit of member states on March 26 that China will increase its efforts to supply APIs to the international community.  The Chinese government is working earnestly to implement the commitment to maintain the production of API manufacturers and ensure the safety and stability of global industrial chain supply, the statement emerging out of the press conference said. Given the global pharmaceutical supply chain’s overwhelming dependence on China, the nation’s return to normalcy is a positive sign for countries across the world. For the time being, the pandemic has only increased the world’s dependence on China. All countries that want to reduce their reliance on China will take time not just to build capacities, but also to emerge out of the Covid-19 crisis.  

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