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    Technical details about Potassium Alum, learn more about the structure, uses, toxicity, action, side effects and more

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    Potassium Alum

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    DOSSIERs // Finished Dosage Forms

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    2D Structure
    Also known as: Potassium alum, 10043-67-1, Potash alum, Potassium aluminium sulfate, Burnt potassium alum, Burnt alum
    Molecular Formula
    AlKO8S2
    Molecular Weight
    258.21  g/mol
    InChI Key
    GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J
    FDA UNII
    09OXB01F3O
    Potassium alum is considered by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance. It is an inorganic salt, also called potassium aluminum sulfate with a formula of AlK(SO4)2 that is predominantly produced in the dodecahydrate form (AlK(SO4)2 * 12H2O). Potassium alum is formed by large, transparent crystals that are used in different products like food or drugs as a buffer, neutralizing or forming agent.
    1 2D Structure

    2D Structure

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    aluminum;potassium;disulfate
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/Al.K.2H2O4S/c;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;+1;;/p-4
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[K+]
    2.2 Other Identifiers
    2.2.1 UNII
    09OXB01F3O
    2.3 Synonyms
    2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

    1. Alum

    2. Alum, Potassium

    3. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate 12-hydrate

    4. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate Hydrate (1:1:2:12)

    5. Aluminum Hydrogen Sulfate

    6. Aluminum Potassium Disulfate Dodecahydrate

    7. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Dodecahydrate

    8. Aluminum Sulfate

    9. Potassium Alum

    10. Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

    2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. Potassium Alum

    2. 10043-67-1

    3. Potash Alum

    4. Potassium Aluminium Sulfate

    5. Burnt Potassium Alum

    6. Burnt Alum

    7. Aluminum Potassium Disulfate

    8. Aluminum Potassium Alum

    9. Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

    10. Aluminium Potassium Bis(sulphate)

    11. Potassium Aluminum Alum

    12. Alum, Potassium Anhydrous

    13. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate

    14. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, Anhydrous

    15. Sulfuric Acid, Aluminum Potassium Salt (2:1:1)

    16. Aluminum;potassium;disulfate

    17. Potassium Aluminum Disulfate

    18. 09oxb01f3o

    19. Alum Potassium

    20. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Anhydrous

    21. Exsiccated Alum

    22. 15007-61-1

    23. Tai-ace K 20

    24. Tai-ace K 150

    25. Dialuminum Dipotassium Sulfate

    26. Ccris 6842

    27. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, Alum

    28. Hsdb 2685

    29. Potassium Alum Anhydrous

    30. Alum, N.f.

    31. Einecs 233-141-3

    32. Potassium Aluminum Sulfate (1:1:2)

    33. Unii-09oxb01f3o

    34. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate (alk(so4)2)

    35. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate (kal(so4)2)

    36. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate (1/1/2)

    37. Potassium-alum

    38. Potash-alum

    39. Aluminum Sulfate-22%

    40. Potassium-alum-

    41. Aluminum Sulfate N-hydrate

    42. Potassium Aluminum Sulphate

    43. Ec 233-141-3

    44. Alk(so4)2

    45. Sulfuric Acid, Aluminium Potassium Salt (2:1:1)

    46. Aluminumpotassiumsulfate

    47. Burnt Alum (anhydrous)

    48. Ins No.522

    49. Alum, Potassium [hsdb]

    50. Aluminum Sulfate N-hydrate Acs

    51. Aluminum(iii) Potassium Sulfate

    52. Dtxsid9039234

    53. Chebi:86463

    54. Ins-522

    55. Aluminum Potassium Sulphate

    56. Mfcd00003428

    57. Akos015856586

    58. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate [mi]

    59. Db09087

    60. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate [fcc]

    61. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate [vandf]

    62. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate Anhydrous

    63. Aluminum Potassium Sulphate Anhydrous

    64. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate [who-dd]

    65. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate, Pure, Anhydrous

    66. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate (1:1:2)

    67. E-522

    68. Ft-0622226

    69. Ft-0626636

    70. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate (1:1:2)

    71. Aluminum Potassium Sulphate (1:1:2)

    72. Aluminium Potassium-sulfate Dodecahydrate

    73. Q411309

    74. Sulfuric Acid, Aluminumpotassium Salt (8ci,9ci)

    75. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, Puriss., Anhydrous, Calcined, >=98% (calc With Ref. To Anhyd. Subst.), Powder

    2.4 Create Date
    2005-08-08
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 258.21 g/mol
    Molecular Formula AlKO8S2
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count8
    Rotatable Bond Count0
    Exact Mass257.8487042 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass257.8487042 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area177 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count12
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity62.2
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count4
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Drug Indication

    Potassium alum is considered safe by the FDA and its use is in homepathic or OTC products. Due to its presence in several different drugs, the main indications for the use of potassium alum are: -Constipation -Cosmetic or drug astringent, helping the shrinkage of tissues and the dry of secretions -Oral health care drug -Part of formulation in cleansing products, skin-care products, mosturizers, face powders and deodorants -Antiperspirant -Antifungal

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 Pharmacology

    The presence of potassium alum reduces swollen mucous membranes that result from inflammation of the nasal, gastrointestinal and urinary passages as well as in the presence of excessive secretions. The induction of the coagulation cascade will also stop bleeding.

    5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

    Adjuvants, Immunologic

    Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. (See all compounds classified as Adjuvants, Immunologic.)

    5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

    Absorption

    Potassium alum is found in its dodecahydrate form that produces a very large molecule. This large molecule cannot be absorbed through the skin when this substance is included as an astringent agent in topical OTC. If ingested, the aluminum salts are rapidly solubilized in the stomach and then they can generate aluminum hydroxide or poorly absorbed basic aluminum salts.

    Route of Elimination

    When potassium alum is absorbed, the kidney is responsible for the elimination of the major portion of the absorbed dose. From the excretion, 0.1-0.3% of the absorbed dose is eliminated via the urine.

    Volume of Distribution

    The distribution of aluminum salts in the body is influenced by increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. It was shown, in preclinical studies, that oral administration of aluminum salts produces a distribution profile that forms deposits in kidneys, muscle, bone and gray matter.

    Clearance

    Renal clearance of aluminum is approximately 5-10% of the excretion of urea or creatinine. The reduced clearance of aluminum compounds is due to the high protein binding.

    5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

    Potassium alum does not go through a metabolic pathway. When ingested or absorbed, it will get rapidly dissolved and it will form ions that will later generate other salt derivatives.

    5.5 Biological Half-Life

    Studies performed with aluminum compounds have shown a half-life of 4.5 h when administered intravenously.

    5.6 Mechanism of Action

    The main functions of potassium alum in drugs are as an astringent, antiseptic or adjuvant agent. The astringent action is performed by the induction of coagulation in the superficial tissue layers until the formation of a crust. The formation of alum ions neutralize the charges on plasma proteins, causing the blood to coagulate. Similar effect is observed in disinfectants where these ions react with the free organic acid and thiol groups of proteins on microbes and free proteins, resulting in protein precipitation. This action will generate the contraction of the tissue and dry up secretions. Its adjuvant properties are mainly used in the production of vaccines where the presence of this chemical enhances the immune response.

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