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Silicon

Synopsis, Chemistry

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Also known as: 7440-21-3, Si, Silicone, Silicon powder, Z4152n8iui, Mfcd00085311

Molecular Formula

Molecular Weight

28.085 g/mol

InChI Key

XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

FDA UNII

Z4152N8IUI

A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].

1 2D Structure

Silicon

2 Identification

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

silicon

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/Si

2.1.3 InChI Key

XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

2.1.4 Canonical SMILES

[Si]

2.2 Other Identifiers

2.2.1 UNII

Z4152N8IUI

2.3 Synonyms

2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Silicon 28

2. Silicon-28

3. Silicone

4. Silicones

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 7440-21-3

2. Si

3. Silicone

4. Silicon Powder

5. Z4152n8iui

6. Mfcd00085311

7. 90337-93-2

8. Silicon Metal

9. Defoamer S-10

10. Silicon, Isotope Ofmass 32

11. Flots 100sco

12. Silicio

13. Silicon Dust

14. Silicon, Elemental

15. Silicon Powder, Crystalline, -325 Mesh

16. Polyeristalline Silicon Powder

17. Ccris 6599

18. Ccris 6831

19. Silicon Powder, Crystalline, -100+200 Mesh

20. Hsdb 5033

21. Hsdb 6351

22. Einecs 231-130-8

23. Einecs 232-263-4

24. Un1346

25. Un2203

26. Unii-z4152n8iui

27. Silicium

28. Silizium

29. Silicon Atom

30. Silicon Chips

31. Silicon, Disks, 15.9mm, Thickness 0.38mm, Single Crystal, N-type, 100%

32. Silicon Nanopowder

33. Silane, Compressed

34. Silicon, Cp

35. Unii-5j076063r1

36. Silicon Random Pieces

37. Silicon [inci]

38. Silicon, 99.0%

39. Silane [hsdb]

40. Silicon [ii]

41. Silicon [mi]

42. Silicon [mart.]

43. Silicon Powder, Amorphous

44. Silane [mi]

45. Silicon [who-dd]

46. 14si

47. Silicon Powder (amorphous)

48. Ec 231-130-8

49. Ec 232-263-4

50. Silicon (si), >98%

51. Dtxsid0051441

52. Dtxsid6052534

53. Silicon Powder (nanocrystalline)

54. Chebi:27573

55. Silicon, Elemental [hsdb]

56. Amy37004

57. Silicon Granular, Virgin Poly Fines

58. Silicon, Containing More Than 99.99 Per Cent By Weight Of Silicon

59. Akos004909675

60. Akos024438062

61. Silicon Rod, 2.5cm (0.98in) Dia

62. Silicon Rod, 5.08cm (2.0in) Dia

63. Db12982

64. Silicon Lump, 10cm (3.9in) & Down

65. Silicon Lump, 15cm (5.9in) & Down

66. Silicon Metal, Nist(r) Srm(r) 57b

67. Silicon Plate, 12.5mm (0.5in) Thick

68. Silicon Plate, 9.5mm (0.37in) Thick

69. Silicon Powder, Crystalline, -100 Mesh

70. Q670

71. Silicon Plate, 6.35mm (0.25in) Thick

72. Silicon Powder, Crystalline, Aps <=50nm

73. Silicon Powder, Nodular, Aps 1-5 Micron

74. Silicon Rod, 0.828cm (0.326in) Dia

75. Silicon Powder, Crystalline, Aps C=100nm

76. Silicon Powder, Crystalline, -100+325 Mesh

77. Silicon, Pieces, 99.95% Trace Metals Basis

78. Silicon Lump, 0.1-2.5cm (0.04-1.0in)

79. Silane, Compressed [un2203] [flammable Gas]

80. 803s625

81. Silicon Metal Powder Si Grade Ax 05 (h?gan?s)

82. Silicon Metal Powder Si Grade Ax 10 (h?gan?s)

83. Silicon Metal Powder Si Grade Ax 20 (h?gan?s)

84. Polysilicon, Monocrystalline Silicon, Silicon Ingots

85. Silicon Standard For Aas, Ready-to-use, In Hno3: Hf

86. Silicon, Powder, -325 Mesh, 99% Trace Metals Basis

87. Silicon Powder, Amorphous [un1346] [flammable Solid]

88. Polydispersed Silicon Nanowires, D X L 40 Nm X 1-20 Mum

89. Silicon, Aas Standard Solution, Specpure?, Si 1000?g/ml

90. Silicon, Powder, -60 Mesh, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

91. Silicon, Rod, 100mm, Diameter 2.0mm, Crystalline, 100%

92. Silicon, Rod, 100mm, Diameter 25mm, Crystalline, 100%

93. Silicon, Rod, 100mm, Diameter 5.0mm, Crystalline, 100%

94. Silicon, Rod, 10mm, Diameter 2.0mm, Crystalline, 100%

95. Silicon, Rod, 25mm, Diameter 2.0mm, Crystalline, 100%

96. Silicon, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 2.0mm, Crystalline, 100%

97. Silicon, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 5.0mm, Crystalline, 100%

98. Silicon, Single Crystal, -111, Size, Thickness 0.4 Mm

99. Silicon Rod, Polycrystalline, Unpolished, 1.6cm (0.6in) Dia

100. Silicon, Nanopowder, <100 Nm (bet), <3% Oxygen Passivation

101. Silicon, Oil Based Standard Solution, Specpure, Si 5000g/g

102. Silicon, Oil Based Standard Solution, Specpure?, Si 1000?g/g

103. Silicon, Plasma Standard Solution, Specpure?, Si 10,000?g/ml

104. Silicon, Plasma Standard Solution, Specpure?, Si 1000?g/ml

105. Silicon, Rod, 20 Mm Diameter, Length 50 Mm, Purity 99.999%

106. Silicon, Rod, 20 Mm Diameter, Length 80 Mm, Purity 99.999%

107. Silicon Optical Window, 25.4mm (1.0in) Dia X 1mm (0.04in) Thick

108. Silicon Slugs, 9.5mm (0.375in) Dia X 9.5mm (0.375in) Length

109. Silicon, Disks, 13mm, Thickness 0.38mm, Single Crystal, 100%

110. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 50 G, Purity 99.95%

111. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 50 G, Purity 99.99%

112. Silicon, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.99%

113. Silicon, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.99%

114. Silicon, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 50 G, Purity 99.99%

115. Silicon, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 500 G, Purity 99.99%

116. Silicon, Rod, 25 Mm Diameter, Length 150 Mm, Purity 99.999%

117. Silicon, Rod, Length 100 Mm, 20 Mm Diameter, Purity 99.999%

118. Silicon, Sphere, 0.48 Mm Diameter, 10_pcs, Tolerance +/-2.5um

119. Silicon, Sphere, 0.48 Mm Diameter, 20 Pcs, Tolerance +/-2.5um

120. Silicon, Sphere, 0.48 Mm Diameter, 50 Pcs, Tolerance +/-2.5um

121. Silicon, Sphere, 10pcs, Diameter 2.0mm, Precision Sphere Grade 25

122. Silicon, Sphere, 20pcs, Diameter 2.0mm, Precision Sphere Grade 25

123. Silicon, Sphere, 50pcs, Diameter 2.0mm, Precision Sphere Grade 25

124. Silicon 99.999% Polycrystalinedisc And Sputtering Targets Available Also

125. Silicon Sputtering Target, 50.8mm (2.0in) Dia X 3.18mm (0.125in) Thick

126. Silicon Sputtering Target, 50.8mm (2.0in) Dia X 6.35mm (0.250in) Thick

127. Silicon Sputtering Target, 76.2mm (3.0in) Dia X 6.35mm (0.250in) Thick

128. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.95%

129. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.99%

130. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.999%

131. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.95%

132. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.99%

133. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.999%

134. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 50 G, Purity 99.999%

135. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 500 G, Purity 99.95%

136. Silicon, Lump, 25 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 500 G, Purity 99.99%

137. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 50 G, Purity 99.5%

138. Silicon, Rod, 40mm, Diameter 20mm, Single Crystal, -100, 99.999%

139. Silicon, Rod, 40mm, Diameter 20mm, Single Crystal, -111, 99.999%

140. Silicon, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 5mm, Single Crystal, -100, 99.999%

141. Silicon, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 5mm, Single Crystal, -111, 99.999%

142. Silicon, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 6mm, Single Crystal, -111, 99.999%

143. Silicon, Rod, 80mm, Diameter 20mm, Single Crystal, -100, 99.999%

144. Silicon, Sheet, 10x10mm, Thickness 0.5mm, Single Crystal, -100, 100%

145. Silicon, Sheet, 10x10mm, Thickness 0.6mm, Single Crystal, -100, 100%

146. Silicon, Sheet, 14x14mm, Thickness 1.0mm, Single Crystal, -100, 100%

147. Silicon, Sheet, 14x14mm, Thickness 1.0mm, Single Crystal, -111, 100%

148. Silicon, Sheet, 25x25mm, Thickness 1.0mm, Polycrystalline, 99.999%

149. Silicon, Sheet, 25x25mm, Thickness 1.0mm, Single Crystal, -100, 100%

150. Silicon, Sheet, 40x40mm, Thickness 3.0mm, Single Crystal, P-type, 100%

151. Silicon, Sheet, 52x52mm, Thickness 1.0mm, Polycrystalline, 99.999%

152. Silicon, Nanopowder, <100 Nm Particle Size (tem), >=98% Trace Metals Basis

153. Silicon, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 1000 G, Purity 97.5%

154. Silicon, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 200 G, Purity 97.5%

155. Silicon, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 2000 G, Purity 97.5%

156. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Purity 99.95%, Weight 200 G

157. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 10 G, High Purity 99.999%

158. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 100 G, High Purity 99.998%

159. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 100 G, Purity 99.95%

160. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 20 G, High Purity 99.998%

161. Silicon, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 50 G, Purity 99.95%

162. Silicon, Powder, Max. Particle Size 150 Micron, Weight 100 G, Purity 97.5%

163. Silicon, Powder, Max. Particle Size 150 Micron, Weight 500 G, Purity 97.5%

164. Silicon, Powder, Max. Particle Size 45 Micron, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.5%

165. Silicon, Powder, Max. Particle Size 45 Micron, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.5%

166. Silicon, Powder, Max. Particle Size 45 Micron, Weight 50 G, High Purity 99.998%

167. Silicon, Rod, 100mm, Diameter 10.0mm, Single Crystal - Random Orientation, 100%

168. Silicon, Rod, 100mm, Diameter 12.7mm, Single Crystal - Random Orientation, 100%

169. Silicon, Rod, 25mm, Diameter 3.15mm, Single Crystal - Random Orientation, 100%

170. Silicon, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 3.15mm, Single Crystal - Random Orientation, 100%

171. Silicon, Single Crystal, -111, P-type, Boron Doped, Diameter 57mm, Length 1.0mm, 100%

172. Silicon, Nist(r) Srm(r) 640e, Powder, Line Position And Line Shape Standard For Powder Diffraction

173. Silicon, Single Crystal, -100, N-type, Phosphorus Doped, Diameter 150mm, Length 0.65mm, 100%

174. Silicon, Single Crystal, -100, N-type, Phosphorus Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 0.38mm, 100%

175. Silicon, Single Crystal, -100, N-type, Phosphorus Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 2.0mm, 100%

176. Silicon, Single Crystal, -100, P-type, Boron Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 0.38mm, 100%

177. Silicon, Single Crystal, -111, N-type, Phosphorus Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 0.38mm, 100%

178. Silicon, Single Crystal, -111, N-type, Phosphorus Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 0.50mm, 100%

179. Silicon, Single Crystal, -111, N-type, Phosphorus Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 0.75mm, 100%

180. Silicon, Single Crystal, -111, P-type, Boron Doped, Diameter 76.2mm, Length 0.38mm, 100%

181. Silicon, Sputtering Target, Diam. X Thickness 2.00 In. X 0.25 In., 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

182. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <100>, N-type, Contains No Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 2 In. X 0.5 Mm

183. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <100>, N-type, Contains No Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 3 In. X 0.5 Mm

184. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <100>, N-type, Contains Phosphorus As Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 2 In. X 0.5 Mm

185. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <100>, N-type, Contains Phosphorus As Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 3 In. X 0.5 Mm

186. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <100>, P-type, Contains Boron As Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 2 In. X 0.5 Mm

187. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <100>, P-type, Contains Boron As Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 3 In. X 0.5 Mm

188. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <111>, N-type, Contains No Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 2 In. X 0.5 Mm

189. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <111>, N-type, Contains No Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 3 In. X 0.5 Mm

190. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), <111>, P-type, Contains Boron As Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 3 In. X 0.5 Mm

191. Silicon, Wafer (single Side Polished), Contains Phosphorus As Dopant, <111>, N-type, Diam. X Thickness 2 In. X 0.5 Mm

192. Silicon, Wafer, <111>, P-type, Contains Boron As Dopant, Diam. X Thickness 2 In. X 0.3 Mm

2.4 Create Date

2004-09-16

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

Molecular Formula	Si
Molecular Weight	28.085 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	0
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Exact Mass	27.976926534 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass	27.976926534 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area	0 Å²
Heavy Atom Count	1
Formal Charge	0
Complexity	0
Isotope Atom Count	0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count	0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count	0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count	1

4 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

4.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Trace Elements

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Trace Elements.)

4.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

In 36 patients suffering from chronic renal failure (mean creatinine clearance 26 mL/min), serum silicon levels were significantly increased (mean 0.52 microgram/mL compared with 0.265 microgram/mL in normals; p less than 0.005). Urinary silicon excretion per 24 hr was significantly decreased (15.71 mg/24 hr compared with 21.4 mg/24 hr in normals; p less than 0.001). Fractional excretion of silicon (FESi) was significantly increased in chronic renal failure (p less than 0.001), with overall tubular secretion of silicon in 33% of patients. Urinary excretion of silicon was significantly related to urinary calcium excretion (p less than 0.0001) urinary magnesium excretion (p less than 0.0001) creatinine clearance (p less than 0.05) and sodium excretion (p less than 0.05). It is suggested that urinary silicon is in the form of orthosilicate, principally bound to calcium and magnesium; and that in chronic renal failure the increase in FESi, and the decrease in absorbed Si from the gastrointestinal tract, moderate the increase in plasma silicon levels and prevent excessive entry of silicon into the tissues.

PMID:3748249 Adler AJ, Berlyne GM; Nephton 44 (1): 36-9 (1986)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

International Program on Chemical Safety/Commission of the European Communities; International Chemical Safety Card on Silicon (November 2003). Available from, as of May 20, 2010: https://www.inchem.org/pages/icsc.html