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Chemistry

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Also known as: 55-56-1, Rotersept, Fimeil, Hexadol, Soretol, Chlorhexidin
Molecular Formula
C22H30Cl2N10
Molecular Weight
505.4  g/mol
InChI Key
GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
R4KO0DY52L

Chlorhexidine
A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
The physiologic effect of chlorhexidine is by means of Decreased Cell Wall Integrity.
1 2D Structure

Chlorhexidine

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C22H30Cl2N10/c23-15-5-9-17(10-6-15)31-21(27)33-19(25)29-13-3-1-2-4-14-30-20(26)34-22(28)32-18-11-7-16(24)8-12-18/h5-12H,1-4,13-14H2,(H5,25,27,29,31,33)(H5,26,28,30,32,34)
2.1.3 InChI Key
GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1NC(=NC(=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)N)N)Cl
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1N/C(=N/C(=NCCCCCCN=C(/N=C(/NC2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)\N)N)N)/N)Cl
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
R4KO0DY52L
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Acetate, Chlorhexidine

2. Chlorhexidine Acetate

3. Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride

4. Hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine

5. Mk 412a

6. Mk-412a

7. Mk412a

8. Novalsan

9. Sebidin A

10. Tubulicid

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 55-56-1

2. Rotersept

3. Fimeil

4. Hexadol

5. Soretol

6. Chlorhexidin

7. Chlorhexidinum

8. Cloresidina [dcit]

9. Chlorhexidin [czech]

10. Chlorhexidinum [inn-latin]

11. Clorhexidina [inn-spanish]

12. Nolvasan

13. Merfen-incolore

14. Hibistat

15. Chlorhexadine

16. Dentisept

17. 1,6-bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane

18. 1,6-di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane

19. 1,6-bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane

20. Chlorohexidine

21. Tubulicid

22. Chlorhexidine (inn)

23. 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)

24. 1,1'-hexamethylene Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)

25. 2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,n''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-

26. Sterilon

27. Chembl790

28. R4ko0dy52l

29. Mls001332388

30. Chebi:3614

31. Cloresidina

32. Clorhexidina

33. 56-95-1

34. Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride

35. Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-

36. Cas-55-56-1

37. Ncgc00016246-03

38. Smr000857146

39. Sterido

40. Savlon Babycare

41. Chlorhexidine [inn]

42. N',n'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[n-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic Diamide)]

43. Dsstox_cid_13314

44. Dsstox_rid_79062

45. N,n'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide

46. Dsstox_gsid_33314

47. Chlorhexidine [inn:ban]

48. Mls001304094

49. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[n-[6-[[n-[n-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]carbamimidoyl]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]guanidine

50. N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-3-(6-{n-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidoyl]amino}hexyl)carbamimidamidomethanimidamide

51. Ccris 9230

52. Hsdb 7196

53. Merfen-incolore (tn)

54. Sr-01000799135

55. Nolvasan (*diacetate*)

56. 1,1'-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide]

57. 3697-42-5

58. Smr000718621

59. Einecs 200-238-7

60. Unii-r4ko0dy52l

61. Lisium (*dihydrochloride*)

62. Brn 2826432

63. 1,6-di(n-p-chlorophenyldiguanido)hexane

64. Dentisept [veterinary] (tn)

65. Prestwick_53

66. (1e)-2-[6-[[amino-[(e)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine

67. Chlorhexidine (1)

68. Mfcd00009673

69. Hibidil (salt/mix)

70. Hibisol (salt/mix)

71. Hibitane (salt/mix)

72. Hibiscrub (salt/mix)

73. Hibispray (salt/mix)

74. Nsc526936

75. Spectrum_000237

76. Savloclens (salt/mix)

77. Prestwick0_000143

78. Prestwick1_000143

79. Prestwick2_000143

80. Prestwick3_000143

81. Spectrum2_000135

82. Spectrum3_000339

83. Spectrum4_000277

84. Spectrum5_001322

85. Chlorhexidine [mi]

86. Hexamethylenebis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide)

87. Ec 200-238-7

88. Schembl3984

89. Chlorhexidine [hsdb]

90. Chlorhexidine [inci]

91. Chlorhexidine, >=99.5%

92. Bspbio_000246

93. Bspbio_001977

94. Chlorhexidine [vandf]

95. Kbiogr_000774

96. Kbioss_000717

97. 4-12-00-01201 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

98. Mls001332387

99. Mls002154209

100. Chlorhexidine [mart.]

101. Divk1c_000761

102. Spbio_000210

103. Spbio_002185

104. Chlorhexidine [usp-rs]

105. Chlorhexidine [who-dd]

106. Bpbio1_000272

107. Dtxsid2033314

108. Bdbm51937

109. Bdbm64773

110. Cid_9552079

111. Kbio1_000761

112. Kbio2_000717

113. Kbio2_003285

114. Kbio2_005853

115. Kbio3_001197

116. Cid_12303047

117. Ninds_000761

118. Regid_for_cid_9552079

119. Bdbm152706

120. Hms1568m08

121. Hms2095m08

122. Hms2233b16

123. Hms3712m08

124. Hy-b1248

125. Tox21_110325

126. Tox21_201404

127. Tox21_303445

128. Bdbm50170723

129. S5397

130. Stk089248

131. Akos005394319

132. Tox21_110325_1

133. Ccg-220143

134. Cs-4958

135. Db00878

136. 2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,n'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-

137. Idi1_000761

138. N,n''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[n'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic Diamide)]

139. N,n'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradeca- Nediimidamide

140. Qtl1_000020

141. Ncgc00016246-01

142. Ncgc00016246-02

143. Ncgc00016246-04

144. Ncgc00016246-05

145. Ncgc00016246-06

146. Ncgc00016246-07

147. Ncgc00016246-09

148. Ncgc00016246-13

149. Ncgc00016246-21

150. Ncgc00091025-01

151. Ncgc00091025-02

152. Ncgc00091025-04

153. Ncgc00247766-01

154. Ncgc00257242-01

155. Ncgc00258955-01

156. (1e)-2-[6-[[amino-[(e)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]amino]methylene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]guanidine

157. As-12648

158. 1,6-di(n-p-chlorophenylbiguanidino)hexane

159. Chlorhexidine, Purum, >=99.0% (hplc)

160. Sbi-0051301.p003

161. Ab00053427

162. C06902

163. D07668

164. Ab00053427-24

165. Ab00053427-28

166. Ab00053427_29

167. 009c673

168. A830704

169. Q-200828

170. Sr-01000799135-5

171. 1,1''-hexamethylene Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)

172. Brd-k52256627-300-03-3

173. Brd-k52256627-300-05-8

174. Sr-01000799135-10

175. Sr-01000799135-11

176. Chlorhexidine, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

177. Chlorhexidine, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

178. 2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N1,n14-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-

179. Chlorhexidine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

180. N'',n''''''''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[n-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic Diamide)]

181. N,n''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide

182. (1e)-2-[6-[[amino-[(e)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]amino]methylene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylene]guanidine;hydrochloride

183. (1e)-2-[6-[[azanyl-[(e)-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]guanidine

184. (1e)-2-[6-[[azanyl-[(e)-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]guanidine;hydrochloride

185. 2-[amino-[6-[[amino-[(e)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexylimino]methyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)guanidine

186. 2-[amino-[6-[[amino-[(e)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexylimino]methyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)guanidine;hydrochloride

2.4 Create Date
2006-10-23
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 505.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula C22H30Cl2N10
XLogP30.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count2
Rotatable Bond Count13
Exact Mass504.2031964 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass504.2031964 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area178 Ų
Heavy Atom Count34
Formal Charge0
Complexity649
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 20  
Drug NameAvagard
Active IngredientAlcohol; chlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength1%; 61%
Market StatusOver the Counter
Company3m

2 of 20  
Drug NameChlorhexidine gluconate
PubMed HealthChlorhexidine
Drug ClassesAntibacterial, Antibacterial Cleansing Agent, Wound Care Agent
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormCloth; Solution; Sponge
RouteDental; Topical
Strength0.12%; 2%; 4%
Market StatusOver the Counter; Prescription
CompanyLyne; Wockhardt; Sage Prods; Hi Tech Pharma; Teva; Xttrium; Becton Dickinson

3 of 20  
Drug NameCida-stat
PubMed HealthChlorhexidine
Drug ClassesAntibacterial, Antibacterial Cleansing Agent, Wound Care Agent
Drug LabelPetcoAntiseptic Spray with Chew DeterrentPETCO Antiseptic Spray with Chew Deterrent is specially formulated to help heal minor wounds caused by small cuts, flea bites and skin irritations. The chew deterrent contains bitter extracts that keep the dog...
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength2%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyEcolab

4 of 20  
Drug NameDyna-hex
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength0.75%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyBajaj Medical

5 of 20  
Drug NameExidine
PubMed HealthChlorhexidine
Drug ClassesAntibacterial, Antibacterial Cleansing Agent, Wound Care Agent
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormAerosol, metered; Solution
RouteTopical
Strength2%; 4%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyXttrium

6 of 20  
Drug NameHibiclens
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength4%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyMolnlycke Hlth

7 of 20  
Drug NameHibistat
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength0.5%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyMolnlycke Hlth

8 of 20  
Drug NamePeridex
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteDental
Strength0.12%
Market StatusPrescription
Company3m

9 of 20  
Drug NamePeriochip
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormTablet
RouteDental
Strength2.5mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyDexcel Pharma

10 of 20  
Drug NamePeriogard
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteDental
Strength0.12%
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyColgate

11 of 20  
Drug NameAvagard
Active IngredientAlcohol; chlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength1%; 61%
Market StatusOver the Counter
Company3m

12 of 20  
Drug NameChlorhexidine gluconate
PubMed HealthChlorhexidine
Drug ClassesAntibacterial, Antibacterial Cleansing Agent, Wound Care Agent
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormCloth; Solution; Sponge
RouteDental; Topical
Strength0.12%; 2%; 4%
Market StatusOver the Counter; Prescription
CompanyLyne; Wockhardt; Sage Prods; Hi Tech Pharma; Teva; Xttrium; Becton Dickinson

13 of 20  
Drug NameCida-stat
PubMed HealthChlorhexidine
Drug ClassesAntibacterial, Antibacterial Cleansing Agent, Wound Care Agent
Drug LabelPetcoAntiseptic Spray with Chew DeterrentPETCO Antiseptic Spray with Chew Deterrent is specially formulated to help heal minor wounds caused by small cuts, flea bites and skin irritations. The chew deterrent contains bitter extracts that keep the dog...
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength2%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyEcolab

14 of 20  
Drug NameDyna-hex
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength0.75%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyBajaj Medical

15 of 20  
Drug NameExidine
PubMed HealthChlorhexidine
Drug ClassesAntibacterial, Antibacterial Cleansing Agent, Wound Care Agent
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormAerosol, metered; Solution
RouteTopical
Strength2%; 4%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyXttrium

16 of 20  
Drug NameHibiclens
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength4%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyMolnlycke Hlth

17 of 20  
Drug NameHibistat
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteTopical
Strength0.5%
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyMolnlycke Hlth

18 of 20  
Drug NamePeridex
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteDental
Strength0.12%
Market StatusPrescription
Company3m

19 of 20  
Drug NamePeriochip
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormTablet
RouteDental
Strength2.5mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyDexcel Pharma

20 of 20  
Drug NamePeriogard
Active IngredientChlorhexidine gluconate
Dosage FormSolution
RouteDental
Strength0.12%
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyColgate

4.2 Therapeutic Uses

Antiseptic; disinfectant. (Vet): antiseptic; disinfectant.

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 371


Cleanser: As a surgical hand scrub, skin wound and general skin cleanser, health care personnel hand wash, and for preoperative skin preparation. Chlorhedine gluconate significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on the hands and forearms prior to surgery or patient care. /Chlorhexidine gluconate-topical/

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3180


EXPL THER To determine if chlorhexidine can be used as an intervention to prolong the time to relapse of oral candidiasis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed in 75 HIV/AIDS subjects with oral candidiasis. Clotrimazole troche was prescribed, and the subjects were re-examined every 2 weeks until the lesions were completely eradicated. The subjects were then randomly divided into two groups; 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 37, aged 22-52 years, mean 34 years) and 0.9% normal saline (n = 38, aged 22-55 years, mean 38 years). They were re-examined every 2 weeks until the next episode was observed. RESULTS: The time to recurrence of oral candidiasis between the chlorhexidine and the saline group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The following variables were significantly associated with the time of recurrence; frequency of antifungal therapy (P = 0.011), total lymphocyte (P = 0.017), alcohol consumption (P = 0.043), and candidiasis on gingiva (P = 0.048). The subjects with lower lymphocyte showed shorter oral candidiasis-free periods (P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine showed a small but not statistically significant effect in maintenance of oral candidiasis-free period. This lack of significance may be due to the small sample size. Further study should be performed to better assess the size of the effect, or to confirm our findings.

PMID:18627504 Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253386 Nittayananta W et al; Oral Dis. (7): 665-70 (2008)


/EXPTL Therapy:/ Rats were injected with 10 mg/kg azoxymethane sc weekly for 12 weeks to induce colorectal cancers. At 20 weeks, subtotal colectomies were performed on rats with colorectal tumors and without peritoneal implants or liver metastases. At the time of surgery, a cut portion of the tumor was placed in the abdomen for 30 minutes; the rats then randomly received peritoneal irrigation with chlorhexidine, or sterile water (control). Eight weeks postoperatively a necropsy was performed. At that time, obvious and suspected recurrences and the anastomotic area were sampled for histologic evaluation. Significant differences were seen with chlorhexidine vs. water for gross tumor (P=0.05) and microscopic tumor (P<0.05).

Stuntz M et al; Dis Colon Rectum 40 (9): 1058-8 (1997)


4.3 Drug Warning

For external use only: For external use only. Keep out of eyes, ears, and mouth. Chlorhexidine gluconate should not be used as a preoperative skin preparation of the face or head. Misuse of products containing chlorhexidine gluconate has been reported to cause serious and permanent eye injury when it has been permitted to enter and remain in the eye during surgical procedures. If chlohexidine gluconate should contact these areas, rinse out promptly and thoroughly with cold water. Avoid contact with neninges. Do not use in genital area. /Chlorhexidine gluconate-topical/

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3180


Sensitivity: Chlorhexidine gluconate should not be used by persons who have a sensitivity to it or its components.

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3180


Hypersensitivity reactions: Irritation, sensitization, and generalized allergic reactions have been reported with chlorhexidine-containing products, especially in the genital areas. If adverse reactions occur and last more than 72 hr, discontinue use immediately and, if severe, contact a health care provider.

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3180


Deafness: Chlorhexidine gluconate has been reported to cause deafness when instilled in the middle ear through perforate ear drums. /Chlorhexidine gluconate-topical/

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3180


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for CHLORHEXIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.4 Drug Indication

Chlorhexidine is available over-the-counter in various formulations (e.g. solution, sponge, cloth, swab) as a topical antiseptic to sanitize prior to surgeries and/or medical procedures. Dental formulations, available by prescription only, include an oral rinse indicated for the treatment of gingivitis and a slow-release "chip" which is inserted into periodontal pockets and is indicated for the reduction of pocket depth in adult patients with periodontitis as an adjunct therapy to dental scal