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Also known as: 864070-44-0, Jardiance, Bi 10773, Bi-10773, Bi10773, Empagliflozin (bi 10773)
Molecular Formula
C23H27ClO7
Molecular Weight
450.9  g/mol
InChI Key
OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
FDA UNII
HDC1R2M35U

CAS 1314556-33-6
Empagliflozin is an orally available competitive inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2; SLC5A2) with antihyperglycemic activity. Upon oral administration, empagliflozin selectively and potently inhibits SGLT2 in the kidneys, thereby suppressing the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubule. Inhibition of SGLT2 increases urinary glucose excretion by the kidneys, resulting in a reduction of plasma glucose levels in an insulin-independent manner. Inhibition of SGLT2 in the kidneys also suppresses the renal reabsorption of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG). This lowers serum 1,5AG and neutrophil 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5AG6P) levels, which may improve neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib). SGLT2, a transport protein exclusively expressed in the proximal renal tubules, mediates approximately 90% of renal glucose reabsorption from tubular fluid.
Empagliflozin is a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of empagliflozin is as a Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitor.
1 2D Structure

CAS 1314556-33-6

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C23H27ClO7/c24-18-6-3-14(23-22(28)21(27)20(26)19(11-25)31-23)10-15(18)9-13-1-4-16(5-2-13)30-17-7-8-29-12-17/h1-6,10,17,19-23,25-28H,7-9,11-12H2/t17-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-/m0/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
OBWASQILIWPZMG-QZMOQZSNSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1COCC1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
C1COC[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(C=C2)CC3=C(C=CC(=C3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)Cl
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
HDC1R2M35U
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 1-chloro-4-(glucopyranos-1-yl)-2-(4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)benzene

2. Bi 10773

3. Bi-10773

4. Bi10773

5. Jardiance

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 864070-44-0

2. Jardiance

3. Bi 10773

4. Bi-10773

5. Bi10773

6. Empagliflozin (bi 10773)

7. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-(((s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)benzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol

8. Hdc1r2m35u

9. 1-chloro-4-(glucopyranos-1-yl)-2-(4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)benzene

10. Chebi:82720

11. (1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-(4-chloro-3-{4-[(3s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl)-d-glucitol

12. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-[4-chloro-3-({4-[(3s)-oxolan-3-yloxy]phenyl}methyl)phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

13. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3s)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

14. (1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-c-{4-chloro-3-((4-{((3s)-oxolan-3-yl)oxy}phenyl)methyl)phenyl}-d-glucitol

15. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-[4-chloranyl-3-[[4-[(3s)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

16. D-glucitol, 1,5-anhydro-1-c-(4-chloro-3-((4-(((3s)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl)oxy)phenyl)methyl)phenyl)-, (1s)-

17. Empagliflozin [inn]

18. Unii-hdc1r2m35u

19. Empagliflozin [usan:inn]

20. Mfcd22566222

21. Jardiance (tn)

22. (s)-empagliflozin D4

23. Empagliflozin [mi]

24. Bi-10773;empagliflozin

25. Empagliflozin [jan]

26. Empagliflozin [usan]

27. Empagliflozin (bi10773)

28. Empagliflozin [vandf]

29. Schembl899986

30. Empagliflozin [who-dd]

31. Gtpl4754

32. Chembl2107830

33. Empagliflozin (jan/usan/inn)

34. Amy1858

35. Ex-a414

36. Bdbm150162

37. Dtxsid601026093

38. Empagliflozin [orange Book]

39. Bbl104150

40. S8022

41. Stl557964

42. Us8980829, Empagliflozin

43. Zinc36520252

44. Akos024464680

45. Glyxambi Component Empagliflozin

46. Ccg-269242

47. Cs-0940

48. Db09038

49. Ds-9824

50. Pb23119

51. (1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-c-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[[(3s)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]phenyl]-d-glucitol

52. Ac-27643

53. Empagliflozin Component Of Glyxambi

54. Empagliflozin Component Of Synjardy

55. Hy-15409

56. Trijardy Xr Component Empagliflozin

57. Empagliflozin Component Of Trijardy Xr

58. Sw219120-1

59. C22194

60. D10459

61. A852380

62. Au-004/43508285

63. Q5373824

64. Empagliflozin (bi-10773;bi 10773;bi10773)

65. 1,5-anhydro-1-{4-chloro-3-[4-(tetrahydro-3-furanyloxy)benzyl]phenyl}hexitol

66. (1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-c-(4-chloro-3-((4-(((3s)-oxan-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)methyl)phenyl)-d-glucitol

67. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-((s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol

68. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-((s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol

69. (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[4-[(3s)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol

70. 7r3

2.4 Create Date
2006-11-20
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 450.9 g/mol
Molecular Formula C23H27ClO7
XLogP32
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
Rotatable Bond Count6
Exact Mass450.1445309 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass450.1445309 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area109 Ų
Heavy Atom Count31
Formal Charge0
Complexity558
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count6
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 4  
Drug NameJARDIANCE
Active IngredientEMPAGLIFLOZIN
CompanyBOEHRINGER INGELHEIM (Application Number: N204629. Patents: 7579449, 7713938, 8551957)

2 of 4  
Drug NameGLYXAMBI
Active IngredientEMPAGLIFLOZIN; LINAGLIPTIN
CompanyBOEHRINGER INGELHEIM (Application Number: N206073. Patents: 6890898, 7078381, 7407955, 7459428, 7579449, 7713938, 8119648, 8178541, 8551957, 8673927, 8883805, 9173859)

3 of 4  
Drug NameSYNJARDY XR
Active IngredientEMPAGLIFLOZIN; METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE
CompanyBOEHRINGER INGELHEIM (Application Number: N208658. Patents: 6488962, 7579449, 7713938)

4 of 4  
Drug NameSYNJARDY
Active IngredientEMPAGLIFLOZIN; METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE
CompanyBOEHRINGER INGELHEIM (Application Number: N206111. Patents: 7579449, 7713938)

4.2 Drug Indication

Empagliflozin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. It is also indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adult patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. Empagliflozin is also available as a combination product with either metformin and linagliptin as an adjunct to diet and exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. An extended-release combination product containing empagliflozin, metformin, and linagliptin was approved by the FDA in January 2020 for the improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used adjunctively with diet and exercise. Empagliflozin is also approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction regardless of whether or not the patient has concomitant diabetes. Empagliflozin is not approved for use in patients with type 1 diabetes.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Jardiance is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise - as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance - in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4. 4, 4. 5 and 5. 1.

Heart failure

Jardiance is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure.


Treatment of type I diabetes mellitus


Treatment of chronic kidney disease


Prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure


Treatment of type II diabetes mellitus


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Empagliflozin lowers blood glucose levels by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of glucose excreted in the urine. It has a relatively long duration of action requiring only once-daily dosing. Patients should be monitored closely for signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis regardless of blood glucose level as empagliflozin may precipitate diabetic ketoacidosis in the absence of hyperglycemia. As its mechanism of action is contingent on the renal excretion of glucose, empagliflozin may be held in cases of acute kidney injury and/or discontinued in patients who develop chronic renal disease. The overexcretion of glucose creates a sugar-rich urogenital environment which increases the risk of urogenital infections - including urosepsis, pyelonephritis, mycotic infections, and even Fournier's gangrene - in both male and female patients - monitor closely for signs and symptoms of developing infection.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Compounds that inhibit SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2. They lower blood sugar by preventing the reabsorption of glucose by the kidney and are used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. (See all compounds classified as Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
EMPAGLIFLOZIN
5.3.2 FDA UNII
HDC1R2M35U
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors [MoA]; Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

A10BK03


A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A10 - Drugs used in diabetes

A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins

A10BK - Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitors

A10BK03 - Empagliflozin


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Following oral administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached in approximately 1.5 hours (Tmax). At steady-state, plasma AUC and Cmax were 1870 nmolh/L and 259 nmol/L, respectively, following therapy with empagliflozin 10mg daily and 4740 nmolh/L and 687 nmol/L, respectively, following therapy with empagliflozin 25mg daily. Administration with food does not significantly affect the absorption of empagliflozin.


Route of Elimination

After oral administration of radiolabeled empagliflozin approximately 41.2% of the administered dose was found eliminated in feces and 54.4% eliminated in urine. The majority of radioactivity in the feces was due to unchanged parent drug while approximately half of the radioactivity in urine was due to unchanged parent drug.


Volume of Distribution

The estimated apparent steady-state volume of distribution is 73.8 L.


Clearance

Apparent oral clearance was found to be 10.6 L/h based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis.


5.6 Metabolism/Metabolites

Empagliflozin undergoes minimal metabolism. It is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation by 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases 2B7, 1A3, 1A8, and 1A9 to yield three glucuronide metabolites: 2-O-, 3-O-, and 6-O-glucuronide. No metabolite represented more than 10% of total drug-related material.


5.7 Biological Half-Life

The apparent terminal elimination half-life was found to be 12.4 h based on population pharmacokinetic analysis.


5.8 Mechanism of Action

The vast majority of glucose filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed within the proximal tubule, primarily via SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked co-transporter-2) which is responsible for ~90% of the total glucose reabsorption within the kidneys. Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells utilize ATP to actively pump Na+ ions into the interstitium surrounding the tubule, establishing a Na+ gradient within the tubular cell. SGLT2 on the apical membrane of these cells then utilize this gradient to facilitate secondary active co-transport of both Na+ and glucose out of the filtrate, thereby reabsorbing glucose back into the blood inhibiting this co-transport, then, allows for a marked increase in glucosuria and decrease in blood glucose levels. Empagliflozin is a potent inhibitor of renal SGLT2 transporters located in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and works to lower blood glucose levels via an increase in glucosuria. Empagliflozin also appears to exert cardiovascular benefits - specifically in the prevention of heart failure - independent of its blood glucose-lowering effects, though the exact mechanism of this benefit is not precisely understood. Several theories have been posited, including the potential inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 1 in the myocardium and NHE3 in the proximal tubule, reduction of pre-load via diuretic/natriuretic effects and reduction of blood pressure, prevention of cardiac fibrosis via suppression of pro-fibrotic markers, and reduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines.


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