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Technical details about Latanoprost, learn more about the structure, uses, toxicity, action, side effects and more

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2D Structure
Also known as: 130209-82-4, Xalatan, Phxa41, Phxa-41, Xa41, Phxa 41
Molecular Formula
C26H40O5
Molecular Weight
432.6  g/mol
InChI Key
GGXICVAJURFBLW-CEYXHVGTSA-N
FDA UNII
8S5FB3XXG8

A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.
Latanoprost is a Prostaglandin Analog.
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
propan-2-yl (Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C26H40O5/c1-19(2)31-26(30)13-9-4-3-8-12-22-23(25(29)18-24(22)28)17-16-21(27)15-14-20-10-6-5-7-11-20/h3,5-8,10-11,19,21-25,27-29H,4,9,12-18H2,1-2H3/b8-3-/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25+/m0/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
GGXICVAJURFBLW-CEYXHVGTSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC(C)OC(=O)CCCC=CCC1C(CC(C1CCC(CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O)O)O
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CC(C)OC(=O)CCC/C=C\C[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@H](CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O)O)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
8S5FB3XXG8
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Phxa34

2. Phxa41

3. Xalatan

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 130209-82-4

2. Xalatan

3. Phxa41

4. Phxa-41

5. Xa41

6. Phxa 41

7. Xa-41

8. Latanoprost (isopropyl Ester)

9. Isopropyl (z)-7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

10. Propan-2-yl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

11. Latanoprost, (+/-)-

12. 6z5b6hvf6o

13. 8s5fb3xxg8

14. Latanoprost, Ethanol Solution

15. Chebi:6384

16. Propan-2-yl (5z)-7-{(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl}hept-5-enoate

17. T-2345

18. T2345

19. 5-heptenoic Acid, 7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-, 1-methylethyl Ester, (5z)-

20. Isopropyl (5z,9alpha,11alpha,15r)-9,11,15-trihydroxy-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinorprost-5-en-1-oate

21. Catioprost

22. (z)-isopropyl 7-((1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate

23. 155551-81-8

24. 5-heptenoic Acid, 7-(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-, 1-methylethyl Ester

25. Smr000466354

26. Xalatan (tn)

27. Unii-6z5b6hvf6o

28. Latanoprostum

29. Nova-21027

30. Latanoprost [usan:inn:ban]

31. Xa 41

32. Phxa34 [as 15(r,s)-isomer]

33. Propan-2-yl (5z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

34. Ar-202

35. Mfcd00216074

36. Xelpros

37. L-ppds

38. Latanoprost [mi]

39. Latanoprost [inn]

40. Latanoprost [jan]

41. Latanoprost [usan]

42. Unii-8s5fb3xxg8

43. Latanoprost [vandf]

44. Chembl1051

45. Latanoprost [mart.]

46. Schembl24698

47. Latanoprost [usp-rs]

48. Latanoprost [who-dd]

49. Mls000759468

50. Mls001424106

51. Latanoprost (jan/usp/inn)

52. Gtpl1961

53. Dtxsid1041057

54. Latanoprost [orange Book]

55. Hms2051h11

56. Hms2089j17

57. Hms3715n22

58. Latanoprost [ep Monograph]

59. Latanoprost [usp Monograph]

60. Amy30089

61. Ex-a1770

62. Hy-b0577

63. Xalacom Component Latanoprost

64. Bdbm50240648

65. S4709

66. Zinc12468792

67. Latanoprost, >=98% (hplc), Oil

68. Rocklatan Component Latanoprost

69. Akos024458331

70. Ccg-100946

71. Db00654

72. Nc00196

73. Latanoprost Component Of Rocklatan

74. Ncgc00246969-01

75. Ncgc00246969-06

76. (5z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptanoic Acid 1-methylethyl Ester

77. As-75099

78. L0262

79. D00356

80. Ab00640005-04

81. Ab00640005-06

82. 209l824

83. A806039

84. Q634959

85. Sr-01000759428

86. J-005764

87. Sr-01000759428-4

88. Latanoprost, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

89. Tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl)phosphine-5,5',5""""-trisulfonic Acid Trisodium Salt

90. (1r,2r,3r,5s,3''r)-7-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pentyl)-cyclopentyl]-hept-5-enoic Acid Isopropyl Ester

91. (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic Acid Propan-2-yl Ester

92. 5-heptenoic Acid, 7-(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-, 1-methylethyl Ester, (1r-(1-alpha(z),2-beta(r*),3-alpha,5-alpha))-

93. 5-heptenoic Acid, 7-(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-1-methylethyl Ester, (1r-(1.alpha.(z),2.beta.(r*),3.alpha.,5.alpha.))-

94. Isopropyl (5z,9alpha,11alpha,15r)-9,11,15-trihydroxy-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prost-5-en-1-oate;xalatan

95. Propan-2-yl (z)-7-[(1r,2r,3r,5s)-3,5-bis(oxidanyl)-2-[(3r)-3-oxidanyl-5-phenyl-pentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

2.4 Create Date
2005-12-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 432.6 g/mol
Molecular Formula C26H40O5
XLogP34.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count14
Exact Mass432.28757437 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass432.28757437 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area87 Ų
Heavy Atom Count31
Formal Charge0
Complexity526
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count5
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 4  
Drug NameLatanoprost
PubMed HealthLatanoprost (Into the eye)
Drug ClassesAntiglaucoma
Drug LabelLatanoprost is a prostaglandin F2 analogue. Its chemical name is isopropyl-(Z)-7[(1R,2R,3R,5S)3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate. Its molecular formula is C26H40O5 and its chemical structure is:Latanoprost is a...
Active IngredientLatanoprost
Dosage FormSolution/drops; Solution
RouteOphthalmic; ophthalmic
Strength0.005%
Market StatusTentative Approval; Prescription
CompanyAlcon Res; Par Pharm; Bausch And Lomb; Luitpold; Dr Reddys Labs; Mylan; Akorn

2 of 4  
Drug NameXalatan
PubMed HealthLatanoprost (Into the eye)
Drug ClassesAntiglaucoma
Drug LabelLatanoprost is a prostaglandin F2 analogue. Its chemical name is isopropyl-(Z)-7[(1R,2R,3R,5S)3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate. Its molecular formula is C26H40O5 and its chemical structure is:Latanoprost is a...
Active IngredientLatanoprost
Dosage FormSolution/drops
RouteOphthalmic
Strength0.005%
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyPharmacia And Upjohn

3 of 4  
Drug NameLatanoprost
PubMed HealthLatanoprost (Into the eye)
Drug ClassesAntiglaucoma
Drug LabelLatanoprost is a prostaglandin F2 analogue. Its chemical name is isopropyl-(Z)-7[(1R,2R,3R,5S)3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate. Its molecular formula is C26H40O5 and its chemical structure is:Latanoprost is a...
Active IngredientLatanoprost
Dosage FormSolution/drops; Solution
RouteOphthalmic; ophthalmic
Strength0.005%
Market StatusTentative Approval; Prescription
CompanyAlcon Res; Par Pharm; Bausch And Lomb; Luitpold; Dr Reddys Labs; Mylan; Akorn

4 of 4  
Drug NameXalatan
PubMed HealthLatanoprost (Into the eye)
Drug ClassesAntiglaucoma
Drug LabelLatanoprost is a prostaglandin F2 analogue. Its chemical name is isopropyl-(Z)-7[(1R,2R,3R,5S)3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate. Its molecular formula is C26H40O5 and its chemical structure is:Latanoprost is a...
Active IngredientLatanoprost
Dosage FormSolution/drops
RouteOphthalmic
Strength0.005%
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyPharmacia And Upjohn

4.2 Drug Indication

Latanoprost is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients who have been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Latanoprost may be combined in a product with [Netarsudil], a rho kinase inhibitor, for the same indications. In addition to the above indications, the Canadian monograph for this drug also approves latanoprost for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure as a result of angle-closure glaucoma that has been treated with peripheral iridotomy or laser iridoplasty.


FDA Label


Treatment of glaucoma


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Latanoprost effectively decreases intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow. A decrease in intraocular pressure has been measured within 34 hours post-administration, reaches a maximum decrease at 812 hours, and can be maintained for a period of 24 hours. **A note on eye and periorbital changes** Between 3 to 10% of patients taking latanoprost have experienced iris pigmentation after about 3-4 months of latanoprost use. Patients should be notified of this risk before initiating treatment. It may occur in both patients with light-colored irides (green-brown or blue/grey-brown) or dark-colored (brown) irides, but is less pronounced in the latter group. This drug may also cause other ocular effects including infrequent conjunctival hyperemia, pigmentation of periocular tissues, eyelash changes, hypertrichosis, and ocular irritation.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Ophthalmic Solutions

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS. (See all compounds classified as Ophthalmic Solutions.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
LATANOPROST
5.3.2 FDA UNII
6Z5B6HVF6O
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Prostaglandins [CS]; Prostaglandin Analog [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

S01EE01

S76 | LUXPHARMA | Pharmaceuticals Marketed in Luxembourg | Pharmaceuticals marketed in Luxembourg, as published by d'Gesondheetskeess (CNS, la caisse nationale de sante, www.cns.lu), mapped by name to structures using CompTox by R. Singh et al. (in prep.). List downloaded from https://cns.public.lu/en/legislations/textes-coordonnes/liste-med-comm.html. Dataset DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4587355


S - Sensory organs

S01 - Ophthalmologicals

S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics

S01EE - Prostaglandin analogues

S01EE01 - Latanoprost


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

This drug is rapidly absorbed in the cornea as an isopropyl ester prodrug and is then activated by the process of hydrolysis. A small amount of this drug is systemically absorbed. The Cmax of latanoprost in the systemic circulation is reached after 5 minutes and is measured to be 53 pg/mL. The Cmax in the aqueous humor is attained within 2 hours after administration. and has been estimated to be 15-30 ng/mL.


Route of Elimination

After hepatic beta-oxidation, the metabolites of latanoprost are primarily found to be excreted by the kidneys. About 88% of the latanoprost dose is recovered in the urine after topical administration. About 15% of a dose is reported to be excreted in the feces.


Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of latanoprost is 0.16 0.02 L/kg. The activated acid form of latanoprost can be measured in aqueous humor in the initial 4 hours post-administration, and it is measured in the plasma only for 1 hour following ophthalmic administration. This drug is more lipophilic than its parent prostaglandin and easily penetrates the cornea. It has been shown to cross the placenta in rats.


Clearance

The systemic clearance of latanoprost is 7 mL/min/kg.


5.6 Metabolism/Metabolites

After corneal uptake, this prodrug is hydrolyzed and activated by esterases to become a pharmacologically active drug. The small portion of this drug that is able to reach the circulation is found to be metabolized by the liver to the 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor metabolites through fatty acid beta-oxidation.


5.7 Biological Half-Life

The elimination half-life of latanoprost from the plasma is about 17 minutes. The elimination half-life of latanoprost from the eye is estimated at 23 hours.


5.8 Mechanism of Action

Elevated intraocular pressure leads to an increased risk of glaucomatous visual field loss. The higher the intraocular pressure, the higher the risk of damage to the optic nerve and loss of visual field. Latanoprost selectively stimulates the prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor and this results in a decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) via the increased outflow of aqueous humor, which is often implicated in cases of elevated intraocular pressure. Possible specific mechanisms of the abovementioned increased aqueous outflow are the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. These actions result in higher tissue permeability related to humor outflow pathways, which likely change outflow resistance and/or outflow rates.


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