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1. 3,6 Diamino Acridine
2. 3,6 Diaminoacridine
3. 3,6-diamino Acridine
4. 3,6-diaminoacridine
5. Acridine, 3,6-diamino
6. Hemisulfate, Proflavine
7. Proflavin
8. Proflavine Hemisulfate
1. Acridine-3,6-diamine
2. Proflavin
3. 92-62-6
4. 3,6-diaminoacridine
5. 3,6-acridinediamine
6. Isoflav Base
7. Proflavine Hemisulfate
8. Proflavine [inn]
9. Proflavina
10. Proflavinum
11. 2,8-diaminoacridinium
12. Acridine, 3,6-diamino-
13. 3,7-diamino-5-azaanthracene
14. 2,8-diaminoacridine
15. 1811-28-5
16. Proflavine (hemisulfate)
17. Cy3rnb3k4t
18. Chebi:8452
19. Profura
20. Progarmed
21. Proflavinum [inn-latin]
22. Prl
23. Proflavina [inn-spanish]
24. Proflavin Hemisulfate;3,6-diaminoacridine Hemisulfate
25. 2,8-diaminoacridine (european)
26. Ccris 1244
27. Hsdb 7071
28. Ncgc00166245-01
29. Einecs 202-172-4
30. Unii-cy3rnb3k4t
31. Brn 0166050
32. Ai3-52128
33. 1bcu
34. 1qvt
35. 1qvu
36. 3,6-acridinediamine Hydrochloride
37. 3,6-diaminoacridin
38. Proflavine-hemisulfate
39. Proflavine [mi]
40. Proflavine [hsdb]
41. Proflavine [vandf]
42. Ncimech_000209
43. Proflavine [who-dd]
44. Schembl27386
45. 5-22-11-00322 (beilstein Handbook Reference)
46. Ae-562/12222295
47. Chembl55400
48. Proflavine;3,6-diaminoacridine
49. Schembl8149677
50. Ysch0132
51. Dtxsid9043776
52. Bdbm12590
53. Wdvshhcdhljjjr-uhfffaoysa-
54. 2v57
55. 3,6-diamino Acridine Hydrochloride
56. Albb-024962
57. Hy-b1741
58. Zinc3775644
59. Mfcd00005030
60. Stk380650
61. Akos005449844
62. At13412
63. Ccg-339542
64. Db01123
65. Ncgc00166245-02
66. Nci60_004643
67. Nci60_004767
68. Nci60_032077
69. Cs-0013756
70. S5776
71. Ab00375967-03
72. Ab00375967_04
73. (6-aminoacridin-3-yl)amine;sulfuric Acid;hydrate
74. A909942
75. Q420454
76. Sr-01000883943
77. Sr-01000883943-1
| Molecular Weight | 209.25 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C13H11N3 |
| XLogP3 | 1.8 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 209.095297364 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 209.095297364 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 64.9 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 16 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 232 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
/Exptl/ We used the photodynamic inactivation technique with proflavine as the photoactive dye to treat herpetic epithelial keratitis in a preliminary study of patients who had idoxuridine toxicity or resistance. A comparative study with idoxuridine in treating dendritic ulcerations of the cornea showed a good therapeutic effect. But the investigation was suspended when adverse reactions, consisting of a generalized epithelial keratitis and an anterior uveitis, possibly of phototoxic origin, developed in a few patients receiving treatment. The ulcers treated by photodynamic inactivation apparently healed by a process of "debridement" followed by subsequent re-epithelialization.
PMID:166561 O'Day DM et al; Am J Ophthalmol 79(6): 941-948 (1975)
... Proflavine wool is used by many surgeons in the UK as a dressing that can be moulded to conform to the contours of a corrected prominent ear. ...
PMID:11254419 Singh-Ranger Get al; Br J Plast Surg 54(3): 243-245 (2001)
Proflavine allergy is uncommon, occurring in approximately 6% of patients attending contact dermatitis clinics. Proflavine wool is used by many surgeons in the UK as a dressing that can be moulded to conform to the contours of a corrected prominent ear. It may have bacteriostatic properties. We present a case where contact dermatitis in response to proflavine developed after pinnaplasty. This caused diagnostic confusion, a lengthened hospital stay and an unsightly hypertrophic scar.
PMID:11254419 Singh-Ranger Get al; Br J Plast Surg 54(3): 243-245 (2001)
Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.
Proflavine is an acriflavine derivative which is a disinfectant bacteriostatic against many gram-positive bacteria. Proflavine is toxic and carcinogenic in mammals and so it is used only as a surface disinfectant or for treating superficial wounds.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)
The uptake of the fluorescent drug proflavine was measured in suspensions of hepatocytes from normal and carcinogen (2-acetylaminofluorine, AAF)-fed rats by flow cytometry. Drug uptake into hepatocytes from carcinogen-fed animals was consistently lower than that into hepatocytes from normal animals. Isolated nuclei, prepared from the livers of normal and AAF-fed rats showed similar proflavine uptake. Drug uptake into hepatocytes from AAF-fed animals, however, was increased by prior exposure to a metabolic inhibitor. Thus, differences in drug uptake may reflect changes in the cell membrane, together with an alteration in the metabolic integrity of the cells. The uptake of drug in hepatocytes from AAF-fed rats was uniformly low within each cell preparation. However, drug uptake varied not only between tumours arising in the livers of these animals but also within each tumour cell preparation. This study indicates that flow cytometry can provide an effective means for analysing drug uptake into cell populations arising during hepatocarcinogenesis.
PMID:6467506 Austin EB et al; Carcinogenesis 5(9): 1173-1177 (1984)
1. The disposition of proflavine (PRO) and acriflavine (ACR) were examined in channel catfish after intravascular (i.v.) dosing (1 mg/kg) or waterborne exposure (10 mg/l for 4 h). 2. After i.v. dosing, plasma concentration-time profiles of parent PRO and ACR were best described by two- and three-compartment pharmacokinetic models respectively. Terminal elimination half-lives of PRO and ACR in plasma were 8.7 and 11.4 h respectively. 3. In animals dosed with 14C-PRO or 14C-ACR, total drug equivalent concentrations were highest in the excretory organs and lowest in muscle, fat and plasma. In PRO-dosed animals, residues in the liver and trunk kidney were composed primarily of glucuronosyl and acetyl conjugates of PRO; residues in muscle were composed mostly (> 95%) of the parent drug. In ACR-dosed animals, the parent compound comprised > 90% of the total residues in all tissues examined. 4. PRO and ACR were poorly absorbed in catfish during waterborne exposure. At the end of a 4-h exposure, parent PRO and ACR concentrations in muscle were 0.064 and 0.020 microgram/g respectively. Levels in muscle declined below the limit of determination (0.005 microgram/g) within 1-2 weeks.
PMID:9667083 Plakas SM et al; Xenobiotica 28(6): 605-616 (1998)
Proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) has potential for use as an antiinfective in fish, and its metabolism by rainbow trout was therefore studied. Fourteen hours after intraarterial bolus administration of 10 mg/kg of proflavine, three metabolites were found in liver and bile, and one metabolite was found in plasma using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 262 nm. Treatment with hydrochloric acid converted the three metabolites to proflavine, which suggested that the metabolites were proflavine conjugates. Treatment with beta-glucuronidase and saccharic acid 1,4-lactone, a specific beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, revealed that two metabolites were proflavine glucuronides. For determination of UV-VIS absorption and mass spectra, HPLC-purified metabolites were isolated from liver. Data from these experiments suggested that the proflavine metabolites were 3-N-glucuronosyl proflavine (PG), 3-N-glucuronosyl,6-N-acetyl proflavine (APG), and 3-N-acetylproflavine (AP). The identities of the metabolites were verified by chemical synthesis. When synthetic PG and AP were compared with the two metabolites isolated from trout, they had the same molecular weight as determined by matrix-assisted, laser desorption ionization, time-of-flight MS. In addition, they coeluted on HPLC under different mobile phase conditions. Finally, the in vitro incubation with liver subcellular preparations confirmed this characterization and provided the evidence that APG can be formed by glucuronidation of AP or acetylation of PG.
PMID:9107542 Yu Z et al; Drug Metab Dispos 25(4): 431-436 (1997)
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for determination of acriflavine (ACR) and proflavine (PRO) residues in channel catfish muscle. Residues were extracted with acidified methanol solution, and extracts were cleaned up with C18 solid-phase extraction columns. Residue concentrations were determined on an LC cyano column, with spectrophotometric detection at 454 nm. Catfish muscle was individually fortified with ACR (purified from commercial product) and PRO at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ppb (5 replicates per level). Mean recoveries from fortified muscle at each level ranged from 86 to 95%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.5 to 5.7%. The method was applied to incurred residues of ACR and PRO in muscle after waterborne exposure of channel catfish to commercial acriflavine (10 ppm total dye for 4 h). RSDs for incurred residues of ACR and PRO were in the same range as those for fortified muscle. Low residue concentrations (< 1% of exposure water concentration) suggested poor absorption of ACR and PRO in catfish.
PMID:9170648 Plakas SM et al; J AOAC Int 80(3): 486-490 (1997)
Proflavine acts by interchelating DNA (intercalation), thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands. This prevents bacterial reproduction.
The ability of proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) and its 2,7-dimethyl, 2,7-diethyl, 2,7-diisopropyl and 2,7-di-tert.-butyl derivatives to induce the 'petite' mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied in relation to the DNA-binding properties of the compounds. The nature of the binding has been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and the results support and clarify earlier suggestions that the first 3 members of the series intercalate into DNA while the diisopropyl and di-tert.-butyl compounds do not. Toxicity of the drugs was primarily associated with their mode of DNA binding, but lipophilicity had an important secondary effect. It seems likely that the toxic properties of the more lipophilic DNA-intercalating members of the series mask their potential for 'petite' mutagenesis.
Ferguson LR et al; Mutant Res 201(1): 213-218 (1988)
The toxicities of several aminoacridines were measured against pathogenic strains of both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) organisms. In several cases, illumination at a light dose of 6.3 J/cm2 resulted in considerable decreases in the minimum lethal drug concentrations required, giving up to 50-fold increases in bactericidal activity. Derivatives of 9-aminoacridine (aminacrine) exhibited phototoxicity against one or more of the test organisms, but the established photosensitizing acridines proflavine and acridine orange were photobactericidal against all strains.
PMID:9372431 Wainwright M et al; J Antimicrob Chemother 40(4): 587-589 (1997)
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