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1. Chain, Insulin B
2. Iletin
3. Insulin
4. Insulin A Chain
5. Insulin B Chain
6. Insulin, Regular
7. Insulin, Sodium
8. Insulin, Soluble
9. Novolin
10. Regular Insulin
11. Sodium Insulin
12. Soluble Insulin
1. 9004-10-8
2. Iletin
3. Endopancrine
4. Decurvon
5. Dermulin
6. Humilin
7. Insular
8. Insulyl
9. Iszilin
10. Musulin
11. Insulin-human
12. Dal-insulinum
13. Intesulin B
14. Aerx
15. Insulin, Dalanated
16. Insulina Dalanatada
17. Insulinum Dalanatum
18. Imusay-131
19. Insulin Injection
20. Dalanated Insulin [inn]
21. Insulina Iniettabile Neutra
22. Insulini Injectio Neutralis
23. Injectable Insulini Neutrale
24. Inyectable Neutro De Insulina
25. Ccris 5464
26. Hsdb 3102
27. Insulin, Dalanated [usan:inn]
28. Insulinum Dalanatum [inn-latin]
29. Aerx [insulin Management System]
30. Insulina Dalanatada [inn-spanish]
31. Solute Neutre Injectable D'insuline
32. Hmr 4006
33. Insulina Iniettabile Neutra [dcit]
34. Einecs 232-672-8
35. S.n. 44
36. Insulini Injectio Neutralis [inn-latin]
37. Inyectable Neutro De Insulina [inn-spanish]
38. Solute Neutre Injectable D'insuline [inn-french]
| Molecular Weight | 5794 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C256H381N65O77S6 |
| XLogP3 | -12.8 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 78 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 89 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 178 |
| Exact Mass | 5791.6287098 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 5789.6220002 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 2450 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 404 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 14600 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 52 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
| 1 of 2 | |
|---|---|
| Drug Name | Afrezza |
| PubMed Health | Insulin Human Inhaled (Inhalation route) |
| Drug Classes | Antidiabetic, Insulin, Rapid Acting |
| Active Ingredient | Insulin recombinant human |
| Dosage Form | Powder |
| Route | Inhalation |
| Strength | 4 units/inh; 8 units/inh |
| Market Status | Prescription |
| Company | Mannkind |
| 2 of 2 | |
|---|---|
| Drug Name | Afrezza |
| PubMed Health | Insulin Human Inhaled (Inhalation route) |
| Drug Classes | Antidiabetic, Insulin, Rapid Acting |
| Active Ingredient | Insulin recombinant human |
| Dosage Form | Powder |
| Route | Inhalation |
| Strength | 4 units/inh; 8 units/inh |
| Market Status | Prescription |
| Company | Mannkind |
INSULIN INJECTION...INSULIN OF CHOICE IN PRESENCE OF UNSTABLE DIABETES WHEN COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS INFECTION, SHOCK, OR SURGICAL TRAUMA OCCUR. ...IS ONLY INSULIN PREPN THAT MAY BE GIVEN IV AS WELL AS SC.
American Medical Association, AMA Department of Drugs, AMA Drug Evaluations. 3rd ed. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Publishing Co., Inc., 1977., p. 589
/INSULIN/ HAS BEEN USED TO PRODUCE CONVULSIVE SHOCK SEIZURES FOR TREATMENT OF CERTAIN PSYCHIATRIC CASES. IT IS ALSO USED FOR TREATMENT OF UNDERWEIGHT INDIVIDUALS, PURPOSE BEING TO STIMULATE APPETITE BY LOWERING LEVEL OF BLOOD SUGAR.
Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 901
RECOMMENDED TECHNIQUE IS TO INJECT INSULIN INTO POCKET BETWEEN FATTY LAYER OF SKIN & UNDERLYING MUSCLE. RECOMMENDED AREAS ARE THIGHS, ABDOMEN, UPPER BACK, & UPPER ARMS. NO ONE SITE IS USED MORE OFTEN THAN EVERY 4-6 WK. PREVENTS TISSUE HYPERTROPHY.
BURKE EL; AMER J NURS 72 (DEC) 2194-6 (1972)
STERILE, ACIDIFIED OR NEUTRAL SOLN OF ACTIVE PRINCIPAL OF PANCREAS WHICH AFFECTS GLUCOSE METABOLISM. CONTAINS 40, 80, 100, OR 500 USP INSULIN UNITS/ML. ... ONSET OF ACTION OCCURS WITHIN 1 HR AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION, REACHING ITS MAXIMUM IN 2-3 HR. DURATION OF EFFECT, 6-8 HR.
The Merck Index. 9th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck & Co., Inc., 1976., p. 659
EVERY DIABETIC PATIENT TAKING INSULIN SHOULD CARRY AN IDENTIFICATION CARD CONTAINING PERTINENT MEDICAL INFORMATION.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1519
PATIENTS WHO EXPERIENCE ATROPHY OF SC FAT AT SITE OF INJECTION (INSULIN LIPOATROPHY) SHOULD INJECT INSULIN IN AREAS THAT ARE USUALLY COVERED BY CLOTHING; PROBLEM MAY BE MINIMIZED BY CHANGING SITE OF INJECTION FREQUENTLY.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1519
...SINCE SEVERAL WEEKS MAY BE REQUIRED TO STABILIZE OSMOTIC EQUILIBRIUM IN THE EYE, ALTERATIONS OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR CORRECTIVE LENSES SHOULD BE POSTPONED FOR 3-6 WEEKS.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1519
...DIABETIC PT RECEIVING THYROID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY SHOULD BE MONITORED FOR INCR INSULIN REQUIREMENTS. /MECHANISM OF ACTION ONLY THEORIZED/
Evaluations of Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. and supplements. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Assn., 1976, 1978., p. 553
OVERDOSAGE CAN BE FATAL.
Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977., p. 468
Hypoglycemic Agents
Substances which lower blood glucose levels. (See all compounds classified as Hypoglycemic Agents.)
FRACTION OF...EXOGENOUS INSULIN IN PLASMA MAY BE ASSOC WITH CERTAIN PROTEINS, CHIEFLY ALPHA- & BETA-GLOBULINS. ...THESE ASSOC ARE OF IMPORTANCE FOR TRANSPORT OF INSULIN...WHICH APPEARS TO CIRCULATE IN BLOOD & LYMPH... VOL OF DISTRIBUTION OF INSULIN APPROXIMATES VOL OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1511
WHILE INSULIN CAN BE DETECTED IN URINE, THE KIDNEY FILTERS & REABSORBS THE HORMONE & RENAL EXCRETION IS NOT MAJOR ROUTE OF ELIMINATION. LIVER & KIDNEY ARE OF PRIMARY IMPORTANCE IN DEGRADING HORMONE & EACH IS CAPABLE OF DESTROYING ALMOST 40% OF INSULIN PRODUCED PER DAY (30 TO 50 UNITS).
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1511
SEVERE IMPAIRMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION APPEARS TO AFFECT RATE OF DISAPPEARANCE OF CIRCULATING INSULIN TO GREATER EXTENT THAN DOES HEPATIC DISEASE...
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1511
IN ABSENCE OF INSULIN THERE IS MARKED REDUCTION IN RATE OF TRANSPORT OF GLUCOSE ACROSS CERTAIN CELL MEMBRANES.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1512
SERIAL IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN CONCN WERE MUCH HIGHER AFTER EXERCISE THAN THOSE ASSOC WITH REST. THE ENHANCED ABSORPTION OF INSULIN FROM SC TISSUE IS PROBABLY THROUGH AN INCR IN BLOOD FLOW IN INJECTED LIMB.
DANDONA P ET AL; BR MED J 1 (FEB) 479-80 (1978)
IN-VITRO EXPT SUGGESTS 2 SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN DEGRADATION OF INSULIN BY LIVER: (1) ENZYME TERMED GLUTATHIONE-INSULIN TRANSHYDROGENASE, WHICH UTILIZES REDUCED GLUTATHIONE TO REDUCE DISULFIDE BRIDGES; & (2) PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME(S) THAT CLEAVES REDUCED & SEPARATED CHAINS TO PEPTIDES & AMINO ACIDS.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1511
A PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME THAT DEGRADES BOTH INSULIN & GLUCAGON HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY PURIFIED FROM RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1512
PLASMA HALF-LIFE OF INSULIN INJECTED INTRAVENOUSLY IS LESS THAN 9 MINUTES IN MAN.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1511
INSULIN HAS DIRECT INHIBITORY EFFECT ON LIPASE CONCERNED WITH MOBILIZATION OF FATTY ACIDS, WHILE GROWTH HORMONE, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, THYROID HORMONES & CATECHOLAMINES ENHANCE LIPOLYSIS.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1515
IN ABSENCE OF INSULIN THERE IS ABNORMALLY HIGH RATE OF CONVERSION OF PROTEIN TO GLUCOSE. ... PROTEINS & AMINO ACIDS ARE CONVERTED TO GLUCOSE @ ABNORMALLY HIGH RATE IN INSULIN DEFICIENCY. THE LIVER IS SITE OF CONVERSION. PROTEIN & AMINO ACIDS ARE MOBILIZED FROM PERIPHERAL TISSUES.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1514
INSULIN ACTS TO.../STIMULATE/ GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1515
MECHANISM OF IMPORTANT ACTIONS OF INSULIN TO ENHANCE FACILITATED DIFFUSION OF GLUCOSE & ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS ARE NOT KNOWN.
Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1516
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