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Chemistry

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Also known as: 29975-16-4, Prosom, Eurodin, Nuctalon, Julodin, Esilgan
Molecular Formula
C16H11ClN4
Molecular Weight
294.74  g/mol
InChI Key
CDCHDCWJMGXXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
36S3EQV54C

Estazolam
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.
Estazolam is a Benzodiazepine.
1 2D Structure

Estazolam

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C16H11ClN4/c17-12-6-7-14-13(8-12)16(11-4-2-1-3-5-11)18-9-15-20-19-10-21(14)15/h1-8,10H,9H2
2.1.3 InChI Key
CDCHDCWJMGXXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1C2=NN=CN2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=N1)C4=CC=CC=C4
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
36S3EQV54C
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. D-40ta

2. D40ta

3. Nuctalon

4. Prosom

5. Tasedan

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 29975-16-4

2. Prosom

3. Eurodin

4. Nuctalon

5. Julodin

6. Esilgan

7. D 40ta

8. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine

9. Estazolamum

10. D-40ta

11. Abbott-47631

12. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-s-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine

13. Estazolam Civ

14. Nsc 290818

15. U 33737

16. Nsc-290818

17. 36s3eqv54c

18. Chebi:4858

19. 4h-(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-

20. 53180-72-6

21. Ncgc00168250-01

22. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-2,3,5,10b-tetraaza-benzo[e]azulene

23. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine

24. Nemurel

25. Somnatrol

26. Cannoc

27. 4h-s-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-

28. 4h-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-

29. Abbott 47631

30. Estazolamum [inn-latin]

31. Estazolam [usan:inn:jan]

32. Prosom (tn)

33. Ccris 1955

34. Einecs 249-982-4

35. Brn 1220868

36. Unii-36s3eqv54c

37. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine

38. Dea No. 2756

39. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-(1,2,4)triazolo-(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine

40. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-s-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine (iupac)

41. Estazolam [inn]

42. Estazolam [jan]

43. Estazolam [mi]

44. Estazolam [iarc]

45. Estazolam [usan]

46. Dsstox_cid_572

47. Estazolam [vandf]

48. Estazolam [mart.]

49. Estazolam [who-dd]

50. Dsstox_rid_75665

51. Dsstox_gsid_20572

52. Schembl28766

53. Mls003899222

54. Bidd:gt0481

55. Estazolam (jp17/usp/inn)

56. Chembl285674

57. Gtpl7550

58. Zinc1370

59. Estazolam [orange Book]

60. Estazolam Civ [usp-rs]

61. Dtxsid5020572

62. Cdchdcwjmgxxrh-uhfffaoysa-

63. Estazolam [usp Monograph]

64. Estazolam 0.1 Mg/ml In Methanol

65. Estazolam 1.0 Mg/ml In Methanol

66. Bcp13317

67. Tox21_112609

68. Nsc290818

69. Akos005064373

70. Ab07556

71. Db01215

72. Smr000238168

73. Cas-29975-16-4

74. Wln: T B576 Bn Dnn Hn Ghj Ir& Lg

75. C06981

76. D00311

77. 975e164

78. A820132

79. Q-201071

80. Q3045264

81. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-s-triazolo[4,4]benzodiazepine

82. 4h-s-triazolo[4,4]benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-

83. Estazolam Solution, Drug Standard, 100 Mug/l In Methanol

84. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-s-triazolo [4,3-a][1,4] Benzodiazepine

85. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-s-triazolo-[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine

86. Estazolam, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

87. 4h-[1,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-

88. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-[1,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine

89. 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4h-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine

90. Estazolam Solution, 1.0 Mg/ml In Methanol, Ampule Of 1 Ml, Certified Reference Material

91. 12-chloro-9-phenyl-2,4,5,8-tetraazatricyclo[8.4.0.0?,?]tetradeca-1(14),3,5,8,10,12-hexaene

92. 12-chloro-9-phenyl-2,4,5,8-tetraazatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{2,6}]tetradeca-1(10),3,5,8,11,13-hexaene

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 294.74 g/mol
Molecular Formula C16H11ClN4
XLogP31.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count1
Exact Mass294.0672241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass294.0672241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area43.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count21
Formal Charge0
Complexity407
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameEstazolam
PubMed HealthEstazolam (By mouth)
Drug ClassesHypnotic
Drug LabelEstazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine derivative, is an oral hypnotic agent. Estazolam occurs as a fine, white, odorless powder that is soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The chemical name for estazolam is 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-tri...
Active IngredientEstazolam
Dosage FormTablet
RouteOral
Strength2mg; 1mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyWatson Labs; Teva; Par Pharm

2 of 2  
Drug NameEstazolam
PubMed HealthEstazolam (By mouth)
Drug ClassesHypnotic
Drug LabelEstazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine derivative, is an oral hypnotic agent. Estazolam occurs as a fine, white, odorless powder that is soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The chemical name for estazolam is 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-tri...
Active IngredientEstazolam
Dosage FormTablet
RouteOral
Strength2mg; 1mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyWatson Labs; Teva; Par Pharm

4.2 Drug Indication

For the short-term management of insomnia characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and/or early morning awakenings.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Estazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine derivative, is an oral hypnotic agent with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than diazepam or nitrazepam.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anticonvulsants

Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity. (See all compounds classified as Anticonvulsants.)


Anti-Anxiety Agents

Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Anxiety Agents.)


GABA Modulators

Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here. (See all compounds classified as GABA Modulators.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
ESTAZOLAM
5.3.2 FDA UNII
36S3EQV54C
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Benzodiazepines [CS]; Benzodiazepine [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

N - Nervous system

N05 - Psycholeptics

N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives

N05CD - Benzodiazepine derivatives

N05CD04 - Estazolam


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Tablets have been found to be equivalent in absorption to an orally administered solution of estazolam. In healthy subjects who received up to three times the recommended dose, peak estazolam plasma concentrations occurred within two hours after dosing (range 0.5 to 6.0 hours) and were proportional to the administered dose, suggesting linear pharmacokinetics over the dosage range tested.


Route of Elimination

Estazolam is extensively metabolized. The elimination of the parent drug takes place via hepatic metabolism of estazolam to hydroxylated and other metabolites that are eliminated largely in the urine both free and conjugated. Less than 5% of a 2 mg dose of estazolam was excreted unchanged in the urine, with only 4% of the dose appearing in the feces. Radiolabel mass balance studies indicate that the main route of excretion is via the kidneys. After 5 days, 87% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in human urine. Less than 4% of the dose was excreted unchanged.


5.6 Metabolism/Metabolites

Extensively metabolized in the liver. In vitro studies with human liver microsomes indicate that the biotransformation of estazolam to the major circulating metabolite 4-hydroxy-estazolam is mediated by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A).


Estazolam has known human metabolites that include 4-hydroxyestazolam.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


5.7 Biological Half-Life

The range of estimates for the mean elimination half-life of estazolam varies from 10 to 24 hours.


5.8 Mechanism of Action

Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.


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