Lamivudine
After beef, India may ban gelatin capsules; GSK, Gilead’s HIV race heats up
This week in Phispers, we bring you the latest twists in the GSK-Gilead rivalry over HIV drugs. India, which recently banned beef nationwide, plans to now replace gelatin with cellulose-based capsules. A lawsuit in the US says Mylan may have overcharged the government US$ 1.27 billion in the form of rebates on EpiPens. And, there is an update on the opioid crisis. Read on. After beef, India mulls banning animal-based gelatin capsules   As India deals with the aftermath of the controversial cattle trade ban, the Health Ministry is reviewing a proposal to replace gelatin capsules with cellulose-based capsules which are of plant origin and are “safe for use” as compared to animal-based gelatin capsules. Various stakeholders, NGOs and consumers have 21 days to weigh the pros and cons of this proposal and respond. India’s ministry of health and family welfare constituted an expert committee on March 20 this year to address all technical issues pertaining to replacement of gelatin capsules with cellulose-based capsules for encapsulation of drugs. The Indian government's ban on the trade of cattle for slaughter threatens US$ 4 billion in annual beef exports and millions of jobs if the government does not revoke it. Indian meat traders, under the aegis of the Qureshi Action Committee and other trade and industry associations, plan to petition India's Supreme Court to get the government order revoked. As Pfizer hikes price of 91 drugs, Maryland enacts law to curb generic drug price gouging   Last week, we had shared our list of drugs with ‘no patents and no competition’.  While our list provides tremendous opportunities for generic companies in the short-term, we also warned that the FDA’s continued focus on accelerating review of these drugs will require companies to rely on strategies less opportunistic than price gouging, to drive their future business growth. On October 1, 2017 Maryland will become the first state in the United States to enact a law prohibiting “price gouging” by generic pharmaceutical manufacturers. The Bill was passed by the Maryland General Assembly on April 20, 2017. On May 26, Maryland Governor Larry Hogan sent a letter to the Speaker of the House stating that he would allow the bill to become law without his signature. The move coincides with Pfizer hiking the price of 91 drugs by an average of 20 percent so far this year in the United States. This includes price hikes for its erectile dysfunction treatment, Viagra, and its pain drug, Lyrica, on June 1. There are two essential provisions of the Maryland Bill. First, it prohibits a generic drug manufacturer or wholesale distributor from engaging in price gouging in the sale of an “essential off-patent or generic drug.” Second, the Bill authorizes the Maryland Medical Assistance Program (MMAP) to notify the Maryland Attorney General of a price increase when the Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) of a prescription drug increases by at least 50 percent from the WAC within the preceding one-year period. Or, when the price paid by MMAP would increase by at least 50 percent from the WAC within the preceding one year period and the WAC for either a 30-day supply or a full course of treatment exceeds US$ 80. Mylan may have received US$ 1.27 billion more in rebate for EpiPens   In the US, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Charles Grassley released a Medicaid investigator's report which highlighted that Mylan’s EpiPen may have received US$ 1.27 billion more from the rebate program from 2006 through 2016 than what the company was entitled to receive. The amount is nearly three times a proposed settlement that the company had announced in October 2016. Earlier, Mylan had said it would return US $465 million to the government as part of settlement negotiations with the Department of Justice (DOJ). Talks with the DOJ continue. Senator Grassley has been involved in a long exchange with Mylan questioning the significant price-hikes which the company had implemented over the years. The EpiPen auto-injector, used to treat allergic reactions, cost US$ 57 a shot when Mylan purchased it in 2007. However, a series of price increases has raised the cost to more than US$ 600 for a pair of EpiPens. Before the price hike controversy hit Mylan, the Epipen generated more than US$ 1 billion in sales and contributed about 40 percent to Mylan’s overall profits. GSK, Gilead’s HIV contest heats up, as GSK goes for priority review   Two of the top 10 fastest growing drugs in 2016 were those used to treat HIV. GlaxoSmithKline’s Triumeq (abacavir, dolutegravir, lamivudine) and Gilead’s Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide), both generated a sales growth in excess of US$ 1 billion. For a long time, Gilead dominated the HIV market. But GSK fought back recently. In an effort to stay ahead in the game, GSK used a priority review voucher, for which it paid US$ 130 million, to shave four months off its application approval process. ViiV Healthcare, the global specialist HIV company majority-owned by GSK, with Pfizer Inc and Shionogi Limited as its shareholders, announced regulatory submissions to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first HIV maintenance regimen single-tablet, which comprises of only two medicines. The two-drug regimen contains dolutegravir (Tivicay, ViiV Healthcare) and rilpivirine (Edurant, Janssen Sciences Ireland UC). However, don’t count Gilead out. In four late-stage studies, the US company's new drug bictegravir was found to be as effective as GSK's established dolutegravir, which has been the cornerstone of the British group's growing HIV business in recent years. This year, Gilead plans to apply for regulatory approval to sell its combination of bictegravir and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF), with a submission in the US in the second quarter and in Europe in the third quarter. If Gilead uses a priority voucher at the US FDA, it could launch in the US market in the first quarter of 2018, industry analysts said. Mallinckrodt explores divestment of its generics business   Mallinckrodt Plc plans to sell off its generic drug unit in a deal that could fetch the company around US$ 2 billion. The move would also help the specialty pharmaceutical maker shift towards higher-margin branded drugs. Mallinckrodt's generics unit has seen its sales plummeting, in part because some of its products include opiate-based pain killers, which have fallen out of favor with doctors due to their addictive potential. The divestment would complete the company’s gradual shift away from its original focus on generic drugs and nuclear imaging towards branded specialty pharmaceuticals, which now make up for bulk of its revenues. Between 2015 and 2016, Mallinckrodt's generic drug sales declined around 18 percent, to just over US$ 1 billion. During the same period, sales of branded specialty drugs increased by around US$ 2.3 billion. The England-based Mallinckrodt has reportedly hired investment bank Credit Suisse Group AG to run a sale process for the unit. Canadian researchers trace the origins of the opioid crisis, as Ohio sues drug makers   Last week, the state of Ohio in the US sued five major drug manufacturers, accusing them of misrepresenting the risks of prescription opioid painkillers that have fueled a skyrocketing drug addiction epidemic. Opioid drugs, including prescription painkillers and heroin, killed more than 33,000 people in the United States in 2015, more than any year on record, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Canadian researchers have traced the origins of the current opioid crisis to a letter published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) in 1980, which stated that opioids were not addictive. The original letter titled ‘Addiction Rare in Patients Treated with Narcotics’, was just a paragraph long. The lone evidence the letter cited was an anecdote that out of 11,882 hospitalized patients treated with narcotics, only four patients with no history of addiction became addicted. The journal's prestige helped fuel this misguided belief. The letter was cited over 600 times, usually to argue that opioids were not addictive. Last week, the NEJM published an unusual warning for readers about the 1980 letter. The editor's note on the original letter in the NEJM reads, "For reasons of public health, readers should be aware that this letter has been 'heavily and uncritically cited' as evidence that addiction is rare with opioid therapy." The five companies Ohio sued were Purdue Pharma LP, Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc unit, a unit of Endo International Plc, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd's Cephalon unit and Allergan Plc".    

Impressions: 3174

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#PharmaFlow by PHARMACOMPASS
08 Jun 2017
Chemical entities SHINE in the top 10 fastest-growing drugs of 2016
Global pharmaceutical companies are increasingly focusing on the development of new biologics. In fact, in 2016, nine out of the top 15 pharmaceutical drugs by sales were of biologic origin. This makes us wonder what the future holds for manufacturers specializing in drugs that originate from chemical synthesis. This week, PharmaCompass continued its analysis of the top pharma drugs by sales to evaluate the drugs that registered large sales growth in 2016. Click here to Access All the 2016 Data (Excel version available) for FREE! Please note that these are not the top-selling drugs, but are the top 10 drugs that registered the maximum growth in global sales over 2015. Interestingly, things didn’t appear that bad for drugs originating from chemical synthesis — while the top two drugs on the list were biologics, the remaining originated from chemical synthesis.  Here’s a list of drugs that witnessed the largest sales growth in 2016: 1. Opdivo (nivolumab) – Bristol-Myers Squibb   2016 sales: US$ 3,774 million 2015 sales: US$ 942 million Sales growth: US$ 2,832 million First approved in 2014, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Opdivo and Merck’s Keytruda — also known as checkpoint inhibitors — continued to stay on track to be among the top 20 best-selling drugs in the world by 2020. They represent the hot new field of immunotherapy and are known to have given 90-year old Jimmy Carter (former President of the United States) hope in his fight against cancer. With a sales growth of US$ 2.832 billion, Opdivo registered the highest sales growth of any single drug in 2016. However, Bristol-Myers Squibb received a nasty surprise last year when Opdivo did not demonstrate the desired slowdown in the progress of advanced lung cancer in a trial, as compared to conventional chemotherapy. While Bristol-Myers’ stock price plunged on this news, Merck announced that not only did Keytruda succeed in a clinical trial as an initial treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, but patients actually lived longer. Although Keytruda did not make it to our list of top 10 drugs by sales growth in 2016, it did register a sales increase of US$ 836 million, as its sales grew from US$ 566 million to US$ 1,402 million. Click here to Access All the 2016 Data (Excel version available) for FREE! 2. Humira (adalimumab) – AbbVie   2016 sales: US$ 16,078 million 2015 sales: US$ 14,012 million Sales growth: US$ 2,066 million Abbvie’s Humira (adalimumab) juggernaut continued as it not only remained the best-selling drug in the world, but also added another US$ 2 billion to its 2015 sales by generating record sales of US $16.078 billion in 2016. Last year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Amgen’s Amjevita™ (adalimumab – atto) — a biosimilar of Humira®. Therefore, it remains to be seen if Humira will be able to sustain the momentum. Amjevita was approved for treating adults with a variety of medical conditions ranging from rheumatoid arthritis, plaque psoriasis, to ulcerative colitis. 3. Epclusa (sofosbuvir and velpatasvir) – Gilead   2016 sales: US$ 1,752 million (new launch) Gilead’s third sofosbuvir-based regimen — Epclusa (sofosbuvir and velpatasvir) was approved by the US FDA in June 2016. It is the first and only all-oral, pan-genotypic single tablet regimen for chronic Hepatitis C virus infection. While Epclusa registered an impressive start, Gilead's other two sofosbuvir-based treatments — Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (sofosbuvir and lepidasvir) — saw their combined sales decline by almost US$ 6 billion. Click here to Access All the 2016 Data (Excel version available) for FREE! 4. Imbruvica (ibrutinib) — Johnson & Johnson / AbbVie   2016 sales: US$ 3,083 million 2015 sales: US$ 1,443 million Sales growth: US$ 1,640 million Abbvie’s 2015 US$ 21 billion buy of Pharmacyclics seems to be paying off. The Pharmacyclics buy was a way to get access to Imbruvica (ibrutinib), a cancer drug which is co-marketed with Johnson & Johnson. It generated sales of US$ 3.083 billion in 2016. Imbruvica works by blocking a specific protein called Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). In December 2011, Johnson & Johnson said it would pay Pharmacyclics as much as US$ 975 million to fund getting the drug to market in exchange for half the profits generated globally. 5. Eliquis (apixaban) - Bristol-Myers Squibb / Pfizer   2016 sales: US$ 3,342 million 2015 sales: US$ 1,860 million Sales growth: US$ 1,483 million Although apixaban was the third-to-market novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC), which is co-promoted by Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb as Eliquis, it continues to unseat Johnson & Johnson’s Xarelto (rivaroxaban) as the leader in its class based on total prescriptions. Rivaroxaban's total 2016 sales were US$ 5.392 billion. While Pfizer’s reports its sales as part of Alliance revenues, and exact sales are not known, Bristol-Myers Squibb results alone put Eliquis in the top 10 list. Generics are hot on their tail as, last month, Pfizer and Bristol-Myers’ filed suits against 16 generic makers to uphold their patents for apixaban. 6. Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide) — Gilead   2016 sales: US$ 1,484 million 2015 sales: US$ 45 million Sales growth: US$ 1,439 million Genvoya has been the most successful HIV treatment launch since the introduction of Atripla (the first single-tablet regimen launched a decade ago). Gilead is the dominant HIV player in the US market and has the top three most-prescribed HIV regimens in the US.  Genvoya adds Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) to already known treatments. TAF based drugs have demonstrated a better safety profile. They would also allow Gilead to maintain its dominance in the HIV market. Click here to Access All the 2016 Data (Excel version available) for FREE! 7. Ibrance (palbociclib) — Pfizer   2016 sales: US$ 2,135 million 2015 sales: US$ 723 million Sales growth: US$ 1,412 million Discovered in Pfizer laboratories and approved by the US FDA in February 2015, Ibrance is used in combination with Letrozole as a first-line treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. 8. Triumeq (abacavir, dolutegravir, lamivudine) – GlaxoSmithKline   2016 sales:US$ 2,151 million 2015 sales: US$ 905 million Sales growth: US$ 1,246 million GlaxoSmithKline's HIV drugs business — ViiV Healthcare — has been enjoying sales growth with the introduction of Triumeq ® in its portfolio. While GSK is the major shareholder in ViiV Healthcare, Pfizer and Shionogi also have a stake. Triumeq® is the company’s first fixed-dose combination tablet for a once-daily single pill regimen that combines dolutegravir, an integrase inhibitor, with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors — abacavir and lamivudine. 9. Revlimid (lenalidomide) – Celgene   2016 sales: US$ 6,974 million 2015 sales: US$ 5,801 million Sales growth: US$ 1,173 million Celgene’s Revlimid (lenalidomide) — a thalidomide-derivative introduced in 2004 as an immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of various cancers such as multiple myeloma — brought in US$ 5.8 billion in 2015, and grew another 20 percent this year, to US $6.974 billion. Revlimid now contributes more than 60 percent to Celgene's total sales of US$ 11.229 billion. 10. Xarelto (rivaroxaban) – Johnson & Johnson (US) and Bayer   2016 sales: US$ 5,392 million 2015 sales: US$ 4,255 million Sales growth: US$ 1,137 million Bayer’s Xarelto, which is promoted by Johnson & Johnson in the United States, provided patients with an alternative to the old-guard therapy — warfarin. While rivaroxaban is competing with other novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) like Eliquis (apixaban) and Pradaxa (dabigatran), rivaroxaban has the class lead in indications. Xarelto recently posted positive results in a large-scale Phase 3 study —COMPASS, involving 27,402 patients, that assessed the effect of the blood thinner in preventing major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The trial was stopped a year early on the advice of an independent Data Monitoring Committee, after the primary endpoint of prevention of MACE (which includes cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke) reached its pre-specified criteria for superiority over aspirin.  Click here to Access All the 2016 Data (Excel version available) for FREE! Our view   In QuintilesIMS Institute’s new annual drug spending report, analysts have forecasted that over the coming five years the industry should continue to receive 40 to 45 new drug approvals every year. A quarter of all the drugs in late-stage development are now focused on oncology. The rate of oncology drug development has hit such a rapid pace that new drugs are superseding old ones in a matter of a few years. It’s clear that this compilation will see radical changes next year. However, with eight out of the 10 fastest-selling drugs coming from chemical synthesis, traditional generic manufacturers still have a lot of opportunities to explore. Sign up, stay ahead    In order to stay informed, and receive industry updates along with our data compilations, do sign up for the PharmaCompass Newsletter and you will receive updated information as it becomes available along with a lot more industry analysis. Click here to Access All the 2016 Data (Excel version available) for FREE!  

Impressions: 9287

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#PharmaFlow by PHARMACOMPASS
17 May 2017
Top drugs by sales revenue in 2015: Who sold the biggest blockbuster drugs?
The year 2015 has gone down in history as a record year for mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotech space with deals worth US $ 300 billion being announced. The highlight of the year was the Pfizer-Allergan mega-merger – the biggest-ever pharma transaction worth more than US $ 160 billion.  Pharma Letter tracked transactions through the year and found the number of deals exceeding US $1 billion at 30 in 2015, as compared to 26 in 2014 and 20 in 2013. In all, a total of 166 M&A deals were announced in 2015 (out of which some are yet to be completed), compared to 137 in 2014.   This week, PharmaCompass brings you a compilation of the top drugs of 2015 by sales revenue and growth. Sofosbuvir – the outright winner of 2015 2015 was the year of Sofosbuvir – the revolutionary active ingredient used for the treatment of hepatitis. Together, through the sale of drugs Harvoni and Sovaldi, Sofosbuvir brought in sales of almost US $ 19 billion. The PharmaCompass prediction that Harvoni (a combination of Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir; and used for the treatment of infectious diseases like hepatitis and HIV) would become the best-selling drug ever in 2015 fell slightly short of expectations as its sales of US $ 13.864 billion were marginally less than AbbVie’s rheumatoid arthritis treatment – Humira. Humira retained its place as the best-selling drug with US $ 14.012 billion in sales in 2015. However, with sales growth of US $ 11.737 billion in a single year, Harvoni is poised to become the best-selling drug by the end of 2016. Top 20 Drugs by Sales Here is PharmaCompass’ compilation of the best-selling drugs of 2015. This is based on information extracted from annual reports and US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings of major pharmaceutical companies. If you would like your own copy of all the information we’ve collected, email us at support@pharmacompass.com and we’ll send you an Excel version. Click here to access all the 2015 data (Excel version available) for FREE!   Product Active Ingredient Main Therapeutic Indication Company 2014 Revenue in Millions (USD) 2015 Revenue in Millions (USD) 2015 Sales Difference Millions (USD) 1 Humira Adalimumab Immunology (Organ Transplant, Arthritis etc.) AbbVie 12,543 14,012 1,469 2 Harvoni Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) Gilead Sciences 2,127 13,864 11,737 3 Enbrel Etanercept Immunology (Organ Transplant, Arthritis etc.) Amgen / Pfizer 4,688 8,697 4009 4 Remicade Infliximab Immunology (Organ Transplant, Arthritis etc.) Johnson & Johnson / Merck 6,868 8,355 1487 5 MabThera/Rituxan Rituximab Oncology Roche 5,659 7,115 1,456 6 Lantus Insulin Glargine Diabetes Sanofi 6,978 7,029 51 7 Avastin Bevacizumab Oncology Roche 6,481 6,751 270 8 Herceptin Trastuzumab Oncology Roche 6,338 6,603 265 9 Revlimid Lenalidomide Blood Related Disorders Celgene Corpoartion 4,980 5,801 821 10 Sovaldi Sofosbuvir Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) Gilead Sciences 10,283 5,276 (5,007) 11 Seretide / Advair Salmeterol Respiratory Disorders GlaxoSmithKline 6,005 5,227 (778) 12 Crestor Rosuvastatin Calcium Cardiovascular AstraZeneca 5,512 5,017 (495) 13 Lyrica Pregabalin Neuroscience and Mental Health Pfizer Inc. 5,168 4,839 (329) 14 Neulasta Pegfilgrastim Blood Related Disorders Amgen 4,596 4,715 119 15 Gleevec / Glivec Imatinib Oncology Novartis 4,746 4,658 (88) 16 Xarelto Rivaroxaban Anticoagulants Bayer / Johnson & Johnson 3,369 4,345 976 17 Copaxone Glatiramer Neuroscience and Mental Health Teva 4,237 4,023 (214) 18 Januvia Sitagliptin Diabetes Merck & Co 3,931 3,863 (68) 19 Abilify Aripiprazole Neuroscience and Mental Health Bristol-Myers Squibb/ Otsuka Holdings 6,485 3,804 (2681) 20 Tecfidera Dimethyl Fumarate Neuroscience and Mental Health Biogen 2,909 3,638 729 Click here to access all the 2015 data (Excel version available) for FREE! A year of record FDA approvals 2015 was also the year when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 45 novel drugs, another all-time record high. In January this year, PharmaCompass had compiled a list of novel drugs approved by the FDA in 2015. We also extensively covered the new dosage forms of existing drugs approved in 2015. Do go through the article published on January 14, 2016, for more information. PharmaCompass’ compilation of sales forecasts of novel drugs indicated a significant variation in estimates.  However, in our view, drugs that saw highest sales growth in 2015 are likely to do well this year as well. Top 20 drugs by sales growth (in USD, millions)   Product Active Ingredient Main Therapeutic Indication 2014 Revenue in Millions (USD) 2015 Revenue in Millions (USD) 2015 Sales Difference Millions (USD) 1 Harvoni Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) 2,127 13,864 11,737 2 Viekira Pak Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) 48 1,639 1,591 3 Humira Adalimumab Immunology (Organ Transplant, Arthritis etc.) 12,543 14,012 1,469 4 Hepatits C Franchise Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) 256 1,603 1,347 5 Imbruvica Ibrutinib Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 200 1,443 1,243  6 Cubicin Daptomycin Anti-bacterial 25 1,127 1,102 7 Eliquis Apixaban Anticoagulants 774 1,860 1,086 8 Triumeq Abacavir, Dolutegravir and Lamivudine Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) - 1,037 1,037 9 Xarelto Rivaroxaban Anticoagulants 3,369 4,345 976 10 Opdivo Nivolumab Oncology 6 942 936 11 Revlimid Lenalidomide Blood Related Disorders 4,980 5,801 821 12 Tecfidera Dimethyl Fumarate Neuroscience and Mental Health 2,909 3,638 729 13 Xtandi Enzalutamide Oncology 480 1,207 727 14 Ibrance Palbociclib Oncology - 723 723 15 Invokana / Invokamet Canagliflozin Type 2 diabetes 586 1,308 722 16 Victoza Liraglutide Diabetes 2,014 2,704 690 17 Stribild Cobicistat, Elvitegravir, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Infectious Diseases (HIV, Hepatitis etc.) 1,197 1,825 628 18 Levemir Insulin Diabetes 2,133 2,745 612 19 Votrient Pazopanib Oncology 565 565 20 Perjeta Pertuzumab Oncology 927 1459 532   Hepatitis C products, which had three of the four highest sales growths in 2015, clearly show the impact these revolutionary treatments will have on the global healthcare landscape in time to come. Cancer immunotherapy treatments, a new generation of blood thinners and novel diabetes treatments were some of the others which demonstrated stellar growth in 2015. Vaccines from Pfizer and Sanofi also displayed tremendous sales growth although they have not been included in the compilation of drugs. Click here to access all the 2015 data (Excel version available) for FREE!   Sign Up, Stay Ahead While some companies like Boehringer and Valeant are yet to release their annual reports. In order to stay informed, do sign up for the PharmaCompass Newsletter and you will receive updated information as it becomes available along with a lot more industry analysis. Click here to access all the 2015 data (Excel version available) for FREE!   CORRECTION, April 12, 2016: An earlier version of this compilation did not account for cases where the same drug is sold by multiple companies (e.g. Enbrel, Remicade, Xarelto etc.). As an outcome, a re-ranking of the Top 20 Drugs by Sales and Sales Growth has been done.   

Impressions: 56489

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#PharmaFlow by PHARMACOMPASS
10 Mar 2016