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1. 3(or 4)-hydroxybenzoic Acid Propyl Ester
2. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid Propyl Ester
3. Bayer D 206
4. Nipazol
5. P-hydroxybenzoic Acid Propyl Ester
6. Peph
7. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
8. Propyl P-hydroxybenzoate
9. Propylparaben, Monosodium Salt
1. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
2. 94-13-3
3. Propyl Paraben
4. Propyl P-hydroxybenzoate
5. Nipasol
6. Nipazol
7. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate
8. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid Propyl Ester
9. Propagin
10. Tegosept P
11. Nipagin P
12. N-propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
13. Propyl Butex
14. Betacide P
15. Propylparasept
16. Chemacide Pk
17. Chemocide Pk
18. N-propyl P-hydroxybenzoate
19. Propyl Parasept
20. Aseptoform P
21. P-hydroxypropyl Benzoate
22. Propyl Chemosept
23. Protaben P
24. Propyl Aseptoform
25. Nipasol P
26. Solbrol P
27. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid, Propyl Ester
28. Paseptol
29. Preserval P
30. Betacine P
31. Bonomold Op
32. Nipasol M
33. P-hydroxybenzoic Acid Propyl Ester
34. P-hydroxybenzoic Propyl Ester
35. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
36. Parasept
37. N-propylparaben
38. Propyl Chemsept
39. Propyl-paraben
40. Benzoic Acid, 4-hydroxy-, Propyl Ester
41. N-propyl Paraben
42. Fema No. 2951
43. Benzoic Acid, P-hydroxy-, Propyl Ester
44. Paratexin P
45. Paraben P
46. Chemoside Pk
47. Lexgard P
48. Propyl Para-hydroxybenzoate
49. Pulvis Conservans
50. P-hydroxybenzoic Acid, Propyl Ester
51. Propylparaben E216
52. N-propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
53. Nsc-8511
54. Propyl 4-oxidanylbenzoate
55. Nsc-23515
56. Z8ix2sc1oh
57. Mls002152934
58. Chebi:32063
59. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid-propyl Ester
60. Nsc23515
61. P-hydroxybenzoic Acid N-propyl Ester
62. Ncgc00090965-03
63. Ncgc00090965-04
64. Smr000112070
65. Dsstox_cid_2527
66. Wln: Qr Dvo3
67. Dsstox_rid_76614
68. Dsstox_gsid_22527
69. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate;propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
70. Caswell No. 714
71. Propylparaben [usan]
72. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, >=99%
73. Bayer D 206
74. Fema Number 2951
75. Pulvis Conservans (van)
76. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid-propyl Ester 1000 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile
77. Cas-94-13-3
78. Hsdb 203
79. P-oxybenzoesaurepropylester [german]
80. Einecs 202-307-7
81. Unii-z8ix2sc1oh
82. Mfcd00002354
83. Nsc 23515
84. P-oxybenzoesaurepropylester
85. Propylparaben [usan:nf]
86. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 061203
87. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid-propyl Ester D7 (propyl D7)
88. Brn 1103245
89. Ai3-01341
90. Propylester Kyseliny P-hydroxybenzoove [czech]
91. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid Propylester
92. (propyl Paraben)
93. 36m
94. Propylparaben (nf)
95. Propylester Kyseliny P-hydroxybenzoove
96. Propylparaben-[d7]
97. Propylparaben, Usan
98. Propylis Hydroxybenzoas
99. 85403-59-4
100. Propyl 4-?hydroxybenzoate
101. Schembl977
102. Propylparaben [ii]
103. Propylparaben [mi]
104. P-oxybenzoesaeurepropylester
105. Ec 202-307-7
106. Propylparaben [fcc]
107. Cid_7175
108. N-propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate
109. Propylparaben [hsdb]
110. Propylparaben [inci]
111. Propylparaben [vandf]
112. 4-10-00-00374 (beilstein Handbook Reference)
113. Mls002222346
114. Mls006011654
115. Bidd:er0229
116. Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate,(s)
117. Propyl Paraben [vandf]
118. Propylparaben [usp-rs]
119. Propylparaben [who-dd]
120. Chembl194014
121. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate (tn)
122. Dtxsid4022527
123. Bdbm70190
124. Nsc8511
125. Hms2268k21
126. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Bioxtra
127. Propyl (4-hydroxybenzoate)
128. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate (jp17)
129. Hy-n2026
130. Propyl Para Hydroxy Benzoate
131. Zinc1586788
132. Tox21_111048
133. Tox21_400012
134. Bbl023754
135. S5405
136. Stl294815
137. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid, N-propyl Ester
138. Akos008948099
139. Component Of Heb-cort Mc (salt/mix)
140. Propyl Hydroxybenzoate [mart.]
141. Ccg-266432
142. Db14177
143. Ds-3427
144. Propyl Hydroxybenzoate [who-ip]
145. Propyl P-hydroxybenzoate [fhfi]
146. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate [jan]
147. Ncgc00090965-01
148. Ncgc00090965-02
149. Ncgc00090965-05
150. Ncgc00090965-06
151. Ncgc00090965-07
152. Ac-34533
153. E216
154. Cs-0018518
155. Ft-0618698
156. H0219
157. P1955
158. Propylis Hydroxybenzoas [who-ip Latin]
159. D01422
160. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate [ep Impurity]
161. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate [ep Monograph]
162. A844839
163. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, P.a., 99.0-100.5%
164. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 0.01 Mg/ml In Methanol
165. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate 1.0 Mg/ml In Methanol
166. Q511627
167. 4-arm Peg-oms, 95%, Average M.w. 20,000
168. Q-201635
169. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Saj First Grade, >=98.0%
170. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Tested According To Ph.eur.
171. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Vetec(tm) Reagent Grade, 98%
172. Methyl Parahydroxybenzoate Impurity C [ep Impurity]
173. Propylparaben, Certified Reference Material, Tracecert(r)
174. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid-propyl Ester 1000 Microg/ml In Methanol
175. 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid-propyl Ester 100 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile
176. Propylparaben, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard
177. Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard
178. Propylparaben, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
| Molecular Weight | 180.20 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C10H12O3 |
| XLogP3 | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 4 |
| Exact Mass | 180.078644241 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 180.078644241 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 46.5 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 13 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 160 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
/EXPTL THER/ /The authors/ studied the prophylactic effect of propylparaben on alveolitis sicca dolorosa (ASD). Each of 45 patients received three tablets containing 33 mg Propylparaben or a placebo in the socket immediately after removal of a mandibular third molar. None of the patients receiving propylparaben developed ASD, whereas 24 percent of the placebo group did. The prophylatic effect of propylparaben was highly significant, and no side effects to treatment were reported.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Amended Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in Cosmetic Products p 66. Int J Toxicol 27 Suppl 4: 1-82 (2008). Available from, as of November 21, 2016: https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/PR427.pdf
Propylparaben is used in allergenic testing.
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
Substances added to pharmaceutical preparations to protect them from chemical change or microbial action. They include ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS and antioxidants. (See all compounds classified as Preservatives, Pharmaceutical.)
Systemic exposure to parabens in the neonatal population, in particular propyl-parabens (PPB), remains a concern. Blood concentrations and kinetics of methyl-parabens (MPB) and PPB were therefore determined in neonates receiving medicines containing these excipients. A multi-center, non-interventional, observational study of excipient-kinetics in neonates. 'Dried Blood Spot' samples were collected opportunistically at the same time as routine samples and the observations modelled using a non-linear mixed effects approach. A total of 841 blood MPB and PPB concentration data were available for evaluation from 181 pre- and term-neonates. Quantifiable blood concentrations of MPB and PPB were observed in 99% and 49% of patients, and 55% and 25% of all concentrations were above limit of detection (10 ng/mL), respectively. Only MPB data was amenable to modelling. Oral bioavailability was influenced by type of formulation and disposition was best described by a two compartment model with clearance (CL) influenced by post natal age (PNA); CL PNA<21 days 0.57 versus CL PNA>21 days 0.88 L/hr. Daily repeated administration of parabens containing medicines can result in prolonged systemic exposure to the parent compound in neonates. Animal toxicology studies of PPB that specifically address the neonatal period are required before a permitted daily exposure for this age group can be established.
PMID:25236342 Mulla H et al; Pharm Res 32 (3): 1084-93 (2015)
By the oral route, parabens are rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted. The metabolic reactions and conversions in mammals vary with the chain length of the ester, the animal species, route of administration, and quantity tested. The metabolism of parabens in humans appears to be most closely related to that of dogs. The rate of metabolite excretion appears to decrease with increasing molecular weight of the ester. /Parabens/
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. v6 639
After propyl paraben is intravenously infused into the dog, unhydrolyzed propyl paraben is found only in the brain. In liver, kidney, and muscle, it is immediately hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Six hours after oral administration of 1.0 g/kg to dogs, the peak plasma concentration of free and total propyl paraben (205 and 370 ug/cu cm) is reached. After 48 hr, all propyl paraben is eliminated.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. v6 665
Parabens are in widespread use as preservatives in drugs. In the late 1990s, concerns were raised about their capacity to disrupt endocrine function based on in vitro data and in vivo uterotrophic tests. Studies in juvenile male rats provided conflicting results on pospubertal sperm production. In an exploratory pharmacokinetic study, Wistar male rats received a single dose of propylparaben (PP) at 3, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg, orally on postnatal day (PND) 31. Plasma PP concentrations were quantifiable up 8 hr after dosing with a mean T max value of 15 min. Distribution was 4.8 L/kg, the plasma elimination half-life was 47 min, and clearance was 4.20 (L/hr)/kg at 10 mg/kg. A sulfoconjugated metabolite was detected. In the juvenile toxicology study, PP was orally administered by gavage to 20 Wistar male rats at doses of 3, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg/day in 1% hydroxyethylcellulose for 8 weeks starting on PND21. A first subgroup of 10 males/dose was necropsied immediately after the 8-week exposure period; a second subgroup of 10 males/dose was necropsied after a 26-week washout period. Blood samples were taken from additional satellite animals after dosing on PND21 and PND77 for toxicokinetic analysis. There was no evidence of an effect of PP on the weight of the male reproductive organs, epididymal sperm parameters, hormone levels, or histopathology. The dose of 1000 mg/kg/day was the no-observed adverse effect level, corresponding to a maximum plasma concentration of 12,030 ng/mL and exposure to 47 760 ng x hr/mL (AUC0-8 hr) at the end of the treatment.
PMID:24068675 Gazin V et al; Toxicol Sci 136 (2): 392-401 (2013)
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for PROPYLPARABEN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
In mice, rats, rabbits, or dogs, propyl paraben is excreted in the urine as unchanged benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyhippuric acid (p-hydroxybenzoylglycine), ester glucuronides, ether glucuronides, or ether sulfates.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. v6 670
By the oral route, parabens are rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted. The metabolic reactions and conversions in mammals vary with the chain length of the ester, the animal species, route of administration, and quantity tested. The metabolism of parabens in humans appears to be most closely related to that of dogs. The rate of metabolite excretion appears to decrease with increasing molecular weight of the ester. /Parabens/
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. v6 639
Intravenous (IV) injections at 50 mg/kg methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, or butylparaben were administered to groups of three or more fasted dogs. Similarly, these compounds were administered orally at a dose of 1.0 g/kg. Blood and urine were analyzed at predetermined intervals. Immediately following IV injection, very little ester remained in the blood. Metabolites were detectable in the blood up to 6 hr postinjection and 24 hr postingestion. Recovery of all esters but butylparaben ranged from 58 to 94% of the administered dose. Absorption was essentially complete. ... Dogs given 50 mg/kg were then killed and the distribution of esters and metabolites to organs was determined. Pure ester was recovered only in the brain, spleen, and pancreas. High concentrations of metabolites were detected in the liver and kidneys. With in vitro assays, it was found that esterases in the liver and kidneys of the dog were extremely efficient in hydrolyzing parabens --- complete hydrolysis after 3 minutes for all parabens except butylparaben, which took 30 to 60 minutes. No accumulation of parabens was observed in the tissues of dogs given orally 1 g/kg/day methylparaben or propylparaben for 1 year. The rate of urinary excretion of esters and metabolites in these dogs increased to such an extent that after 24 hr, 96 % of the dose was excreted in the urine. This is contrasted with dogs given a single dose of paraben in which the 96 % excretion level was not attained until 48 hr.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review; Final Amended Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in Cosmetic Products p 26. Int J Toxicol 27 Suppl 4: 1-82 (2008). Available from, as of November 21, 2016: https://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/PR427.pdf
Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate has known human metabolites that include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-propoxycarbonylphenoxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid.
S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560
Propylparaben was administered orally to sexually immature rainbow trout every second day for up to 10 days in doses between 7 and 1830 mg/kg/2 days and in the water at 50 and 225 ug/L for 12 days. ... Half lives for propylparaben were 8.6 hr in liver and 1.5 hr in muscle.
PMID:15012902 Bjerregaard P et al; Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 136 (4): 309-17 (2003)
...The mechanism of propyl paraben may be linked to mitochondrial failure dependent on induction of membrane permeability transition accompanied by the mitochondrial depolarization and depletion of cellular ATP through uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation...
PMID:11346481 Soni MG et al; Food Chem Toxicol 39 (6): 513-32 (2001)
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