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1. Histidine, L Isomer
2. Histidine, L-isomer
3. L-histidine
4. L-isomer Histidine
1. L-histidine
2. 71-00-1
3. H-his-oh
4. Glyoxaline-5-alanine
5. L-(-)-histidine
6. Anti-rheuma
7. Istidina
8. S-histidine
9. (l)-histidine
10. Histidine (van)
11. Histidine, L-
12. Histidina
13. (s)-4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole
14. (2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic Acid
15. L-histidin
16. (s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoic Acid
17. Fema No. 3694
18. Histidine [usan:inn]
19. Histidinum [inn-latin]
20. (s)-histidine
21. Histidina [inn-spanish]
22. L-beta-(4-imidazolyl)alanin
23. 4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole
24. His
25. L-hystidine
26. 1h-imidazole-4-alanine, (s)-
27. L-hisidine
28. (s)-2-amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionsaeure
29. L-beta-(4-imidazolyl)-alpha-alanin
30. (s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propionic Acid
31. L-his
32. L-alanine, 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-
33. Ai3-26558
34. Alpha-amino-4(or 5)-imidazolepropionic Acid
35. Histidine (l-histidine)
36. Alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propionic Acid, (s)-
37. 1h-imidazole-4-propanoic Acid, Alpha-amino-, (s)-
38. (s)-a-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoic Acid
39. (s)-2-amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionic Acid
40. Chebi:15971
41. 4qd397987e
42. Nsc-137773
43. 7006-35-1
44. Histidinum
45. Mfcd00064315
46. (2s)-2-amino-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propanoic Acid
47. Histidine, Monohydrochloride
48. Hsdb 1810
49. Einecs 200-745-3
50. Nsc 137773
51. Unii-4qd397987e
52. 1hsl
53. 1lag
54. [3h]histidine
55. Histidine,(s)
56. [3h]-histidine
57. (2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic Acid Hydrochloride
58. Histidine (usp/inn)
59. Histidine [inn]
60. Histidine [ii]
61. Histidine [mi]
62. L-histidine (jp17)
63. L-2-amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionic Acid
64. Histidine [hsdb]
65. Histidine [inci]
66. Histidine [usan]
67. Histidine [vandf]
68. Lopac-h-8125
69. Bmse000039
70. Bmse000976
71. Bmse001015
72. Histidine [mart.]
73. L-histidine [fcc]
74. L-histidine [jan]
75. L-histidine (h-his-oh)
76. Amino-4-imidazoleproprionate
77. Histidine [who-dd]
78. L-histidine [fhfi]
79. Schembl3259
80. Lopac0_000566
81. Us9138393, Histidine
82. Us9144538, Histidine
83. (s)1h-imidazole-4-alanine
84. Chembl17962
85. L-histidine [usp-rs]
86. (2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic Acid
87. (s)-1h-imidazole-4-alanine
88. Bdbm7953
89. Gtpl3310
90. Gtpl4670
91. L-histidine, Non-animal Source
92. Imidazole C-4(5) Deriv. 5
93. Amino-4-imidazoleproprionic Acid
94. Dtxsid9023126
95. Histidine [ep Monograph]
96. Amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoate
97. Histidine [usp Monograph]
98. L-histidine, P.a., 98.5%
99. Bdbm181118
100. L-histidine, Cell Culture Reagent
101. 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-l-alanine
102. Hy-n0832
103. Zinc6661227
104. Amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoic Acid
105. Akos015854051
106. Akos026676613
107. Am81801
108. Ccg-204656
109. Cs-7781
110. Db00117
111. Sdccgsbi-0050549.p002
112. Serine Impurity C [ep Impurity]
113. (s)-a-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoate
114. Ncgc00015518-01
115. Ncgc00162189-01
116. Ncgc00162189-02
117. Ncgc00162189-05
118. Ac-35086
119. As-14171
120. (s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoate
121. (s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propionate
122. L-histidine, Bioultra, >=99.5% (nt)
123. H0149
124. L-histidine, Saj Special Grade, >=98.5%
125. S3989
126. C00135
127. D00032
128. D70843
129. H-2310
130. L-histidine, Reagentplus(r), >=99% (tlc)
131. M02982
132. L-histidine, Vetec(tm) Reagent Grade, >=99%
133. (s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic Acid
134. 064h315
135. Q485277
136. B81aedb0-eaca-4296-9bab-52d60f137ffb
137. 1h-imidazole-4-propanoic Acid, .alpha.-amino-, (s)-
138. F8881-8926
139. F8889-0575
140. L-histidine, Certified Reference Material, Tracecert(r)
141. Z955123622
142. Histidine, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard
143. L-histidine, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard
144. L-histidine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
145. L-histidine, Cell Culture Tested, Meets Ep, Usp Testing Specifications, From Non-animal Source
146. L-histidine, Pharmagrade, Ajinomoto, Ep, Usp, Manufactured Under Appropriate Gmp Controls For Pharma Or Biopharmaceutical Production, Suitable For Cell Culture
| Molecular Weight | 155.15 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C6H9N3O2 |
| XLogP3 | -3.2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Exact Mass | 155.069476538 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 155.069476538 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 92 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 11 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 151 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 1 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
The actions of supplemental L-histidine are entirely unclear. It may have some immunomodulatory as well as antioxidant activity. L-histidine may be indicated for use in some with rheumatoid arthritis. It is not indicated for treatment of anemia or uremia or for lowering serum cholesterol.
Is found abundantly in hemoglobin; has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, allergic diseases, ulcers and anemia. A deficiency can cause poor hearing.
Absorption
Absorbed from the small intestine via an active transport mechanism requiring the presence of sodium.
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS ARE TRANSFERRED TO FETUS AGAINST A CONCN GRADIENT &, IN THE CASE OF HISTIDINE, NATURAL L-ISOMER HAS BEEN SHOWN TO CROSS SEVERAL TIMES AS FAST AS THE D-ISOMER.
LaDu, B.N., H.G. Mandel, and E.L. Way. Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971., p. 89
PRODUCT OF OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION OR TRANSAMINATION OF L-HISTIDINE IS BETA-IMIDAZOLEPYRUVIC ACID; & PRODUCT OF DECARBOXYLATION IS HISTAMINE. HISTAMINE ENTERS OTHER PATHWAYS TO YIELD FURTHER METABOLIC PRODUCTS. /FROM TABLE/
Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975., p. 830
Since the actions of supplemental L-histidine are unclear, any postulated mechanism is entirely speculative. However, some facts are known about L-histidine and some of its metabolites, such as histamine and trans-urocanic acid, which suggest that supplemental L-histidine may one day be shown to have immunomodulatory and/or antioxidant activities. Low free histidine has been found in the serum of some rheumatoid arthritis patients. Serum concentrations of other amino acids have been found to be normal in these patients. L-histidine is an excellent chelating agent for such metals as copper, iron and zinc. Copper and iron participate in a reaction (Fenton reaction) that generates potent reactive oxygen species that could be destructive to tissues, including joints.
L-histidine is the obligate precursor of histamine, which is produced via the decarboxylation of the amino acid. In experimental animals, tissue histamine levels increase as the amount of dietary L-histidine increases. It is likely that this would be the case in humans as well. Histamine is known to possess immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity. Suppressor T cells have H2 receptors, and histamine activates them. Promotion of suppressor T cell activity could be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis. Further, histamine has been shown to down-regulate the production of reactive oxygen species in phagocytic cells, such as monocytes, by binding to the H2 receptors on these cells. Decreased reactive oxygen species production by phagocytes could play antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles in such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis.
This latter mechanism is the rationale for the use of histamine itself in several clinical trials studying histamine for the treatment of certain types of cancer and viral diseases. In these trials, down-regulation by histamine of reactive oxygen species formation appears to inhibit the suppression of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, allowing these cells to be more effective in attacking cancer cells and virally infected cells.
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