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Technical details about Anisindione, learn more about the structure, uses, toxicity, action, side effects and more

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2D Structure
Also known as: 117-37-3, Miradon, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indene-1,3(2h)-dione, Anisin indandione, Unidone, 2-p-anisyl-1,3-indandione
Molecular Formula
C16H12O3
Molecular Weight
252.26  g/mol
InChI Key
XRCFXMGQEVUZFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
S747T1ERAJ

Anisindione is a synthetic indanedione anticoagulant. Anisindione interferes with the vitamin K-dependent hepatic synthesis of active clotting factors by inhibiting the reduction of vitamin K. This leads to an inhibition of gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in clotting factors II, VII, IX and X. The consequential effects of this inhibition include a reduced activity of these clotting factors and prolonged blood clotting time.
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)indene-1,3-dione
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C16H12O3/c1-19-11-8-6-10(7-9-11)14-15(17)12-4-2-3-5-13(12)16(14)18/h2-9,14H,1H3
2.1.3 InChI Key
XRCFXMGQEVUZFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
S747T1ERAJ
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indene-1,3(2h)-dione

2. Miradon

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 117-37-3

2. Miradon

3. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indene-1,3(2h)-dione

4. Anisin Indandione

5. Unidone

6. 2-p-anisyl-1,3-indandione

7. Andion

8. Anisindionum

9. Anisindiona

10. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)indene-1,3-dione

11. 1h-indene-1,3(2h)-dione, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-

12. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)indan-1,3-dione

13. 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)indane-1,3-dione

14. 2-para-anisyl-1,3-indandione

15. 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-indandione

16. Spe 2792

17. Anisindione (inn)

18. Chembl712

19. Nsc-759629

20. S747t1eraj

21. 1,3-indandione, 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-

22. 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-indan-1,3-dione

23. Mls000554135

24. Chebi:133809

25. Ncgc00094969-01

26. Smr000146452

27. Anisindione [inn]

28. Dsstox_cid_2611

29. Dsstox_rid_76658

30. Dsstox_gsid_22611

31. Anisindionum [inn-latin]

32. Anisindiona [inn-spanish]

33. Cas-117-37-3

34. Miradon (tn)

35. Hsdb 3205

36. Sr-01000642873

37. Einecs 204-186-6

38. Unii-s747t1eraj

39. Brn 1880681

40. Anisindione [inn:ban:nf]

41. 1,3-indanedione, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-

42. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)indane-1,3-dione

43. Spectrum_001355

44. Anisindione [mi]

45. Opera_id_1613

46. Spectrum2_000427

47. Spectrum3_001525

48. Spectrum4_000723

49. Spectrum5_000960

50. Anisindione [hsdb]

51. Anisindione [vandf]

52. Anisindione [mart.]

53. Oprea1_729452

54. Schembl49379

55. Anisindione [who-dd]

56. Bspbio_002910

57. Kbiogr_000986

58. Kbioss_001835

59. 3-08-00-02931 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

60. Mls001201835

61. Divk1c_000336

62. Spectrum1502198

63. 2-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]-1h-indene-1,3(2h)-dione

64. Spbio_000414

65. Gtpl6960

66. Dtxsid3022611

67. Hms501a18

68. Kbio1_000336

69. Kbio2_001835

70. Kbio2_004403

71. Kbio2_006971

72. Kbio3_002410

73. Anisindione [orange Book]

74. Ninds_000336

75. Hms1921l18

76. Hms2092f04

77. Hms2231b10

78. Hms3369m11

79. Pharmakon1600-01502198

80. Albb-013687

81. Hy-b0924

82. Isopropyl N-acetyl-?-d-glucosamine

83. Tox21_111370

84. Bdbm50280155

85. Ccg-40244

86. Mfcd00176194

87. Nsc759629

88. Stk363125

89. Akos000987728

90. Tox21_111370_1

91. Zinc100015486

92. Db01125

93. Nsc 759629

94. Idi1_000336

95. Ncgc00094969-02

96. Ncgc00094969-03

97. Ncgc00094969-05

98. Bs-52012

99. Sbi-0051739.p002

100. Db-041366

101. Ft-0631668

102. Sw220113-1

103. D07457

104. E77875

105. Ab00052289_10

106. Ab00052289_11

107. J-003611

108. Q3617574

109. Sr-01000642873-1

110. Sr-01000642873-3

111. Sr-01000642873-4

112. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1h-indene-1,3-dione

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 252.26 g/mol
Molecular Formula C16H12O3
XLogP32.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass252.078644241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass252.078644241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area43.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count19
Formal Charge0
Complexity344
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

...Oral anticoagulants are useful in prevention and treatment of variety of thromboembolic disorders. /oral anticoagulants/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1362


...Indications for anticoagulants...myocardial infarction...rheumatic heart Disease...cerebrovascular disease...venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and ...disseminated intravascular coagulation. /oral anticoagulants/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1363


Oral anticoagulants are used to prevent the progression or recurrence of acute deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism following initial course of heparin. They also are effective in preventing venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing orthopedic or gynecological surgery and systemic embolization in patients with acute myocardial infarction, prosthetic heart valves, or chronic atrial fibrillation. /Oral anticoagulants/

Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1530


Anticoagulants are indicated for prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous (or arterial /Not included in US product labeling/) thrombosis (and its extension) and pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis (DVP) or pulmonary embolism (treatment). Oral anticoagulatns are used during and following initial heparin therapy to decrease the risk of extension, recurrence, or death. /Anticoagulants; Included in US product labeling/

MICROMEDEX Thomson Health Care. USPDI - Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 22nd ed. Volume 1. MICROMEDEX Thomson Health Care, Greenwood Village, CO. 2002. Content Reviewed and Approved by the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., p. 265


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for ANISINDIONE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

Serious, sometimes fatal, toxic reactions were reported occasionally in patients receiving phenindione (no longer commercially available in US), and the possibility of these reactions should be considered in patients receiving anisindione. Adverse effects reported with phenindione (no longer commercially available in US) include dermatologic reactions such as such as urticaria and rash (usually erythematous and macular), which sometimes progressed to exfoliative dermatitis; nephrotic reactions, including anuria and albuminuria with massive edema and tubular necrosis; hepatotoxicity manifested by hepatitis and jaundice; and hematologic reactions manifested by eosinophilia, agranulocytosis or leukopenia (resulting from either maturation arrest or granulocytic hypoplasia), leukocytosis, anemia, thrombecytopenia, atypical mononuclear cells, the presence of leukocyte agglutinins, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and red cell aplasia. In addition, hemorrhagic infarction and necrosis of the skin, alopecia, steatorrhea, sore throat and mouth, parlysis of accommodation and blurred vision, diarrhea, nausea, fever, malaise, and headache have been reported in patients receiving the drug.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2002. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2002 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1417-8


In patients with alkaline urine, the urine may be red-orange during therapy with anisindione and patients should be informed of this possibility.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2002. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2002 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1418


The only consistently reported adverse nonhemorrhagic effect of anisindione is dermatitis. However, agranulocytosis and hepatitis also have been reported with the use of this drug.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2002. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2002 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1417


Conversely, anisindione (plasma half-life, 3-5 days).../is/ so long-acting that.../it/ may be Hazardous if hemorrhage occurs...

American Medical Association, AMA Department of Drugs, AMA Drug Evaluations. 3rd ed. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Publishing Co., Inc., 1977., p. 115


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for ANISINDIONE (30 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Drug Indication

For the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, the treatment of atrial fibrillation with embolization, the prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism, and as an adjunct in the treatment of coronary occlusion.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Anisindione is a synthetic anticoagulant and an indanedione derivative. It is prescribed only if you cannot take coumarin-type anticoagulants such as coumadin as anisindione is a powerful drug with serious potential side effects. Anticoagulants decrease the clotting ability of the blood and therefore help to prevent harmful clots from forming in the blood vessels. These medicines are sometimes called blood thinners, although they do not actually thin the blood. They also will not dissolve clots that already have formed, but they may prevent the clots from becoming larger and causing more serious problems.


5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Accumulation does not occur with repeated dosing.


5.3 Biological Half-Life

Not Known


...PLASMA HALF-LIFE, 3-5 DAYS...

American Medical Association, AMA Department of Drugs, AMA Drug Evaluations. 3rd ed. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Publishing Co., Inc., 1977., p. 115


5.4 Mechanism of Action

Like phenindione, to which it is related chemically, anisindione exercises its therapeutic action by reducing the prothrombin activity of the blood. By inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins, the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S is prevented. Anisindione has no direct thrombolytic effect and does not reverse ischemic tissue damage, although it may limit extension of existing thrombi and prevent secondary thromboembolic complications.


Oral anticoagulants have no direct effect on circulating clotting factors. Instead they block hepatic formation of factors II, VII, IX, and X by competitively inhibiting action of vitamin K. Synthesis of these factors is dependent upon sufficient supply of vitamin.

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1356


The oral anticoagulants block the regeneration of reduced vitamin K and thereby induce a state of functional vitamin K deficiency. The mechanism of the inhibition of reductase(s) by the coumarin drugs is not known. There exist reductases that are less sensitive to these drugs but that act only at relatively high concentrations of oxidized vitamin K; this property may explain the observation that administration of sufficient vitamin K can counteract even large doses of oral anticoagulants. /Oral Anticoagulants/

Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B., A.G. Gilman. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001., p. 1527


Both 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives and indandiones (also known as oral anticoagulants) are antagonists of vitamin K. Their use as rodenticides is based on the inhibition of the vitamin K-dependent step in the synthesis of a number of blood coagulation factors. The vitamin K-dependent proteins ...in the coagulation cascade... are the procoagulant factors II (prothrombin), VII (proconvertin), IX (Christmas factor) and X (Stuart-Prower factor), and the coagulation-inhibiting proteins C and S. All these proteins are synthesized in the liver. Before they are released into the circulation the various precursor proteins undergo substantial (intracellular) post-translational modification. Vitamin K functions as a co-enzyme in one of these modifications, namely the carboxylation at well-defined positions of 10-12 glutamate residues into gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla). The presence of these Gla residues is essential for the procoagulant activity of the various coagulations factors. Vitamin K hydroquinone (KH2) is the active co-enzyme, and its oxidation to vitamin K 2,3-epoxide (KO) provides the energy required for the carboxylation reaction. The epoxide is than recycled in two reduction steps mediated by the enzyme KO reductase... . The latter enzyme is the target enzyme for coumarin anticoagulants. Their blocking of the KO reductase leads to a rapid exhaustion of the supply of KH2, and thus to an effective prevention of the formation of Gla residues. This leads to an accumulation of non-carboxylated coagulation factor precursors in the liver. In some cases these precursors are processed further without being carboxylated, and (depending on the species) may appear in the circulation. At that stage the under-carboxylated proteins are designated as descarboxy coagulation factors. Normal coagulation factors circulate in the form of zymogens, which can only participate in the coagulation cascade after being activated by limited proteolytic degradation. Descarboxy coagulation factors have no procoagulant activity (i.e. they cannot be activated) and neither they can be converted into the active zymogens by vitamin K action. Whereas in anticoagulated humans high levels of circulating descarboxy coagulation factors are detectable, these levels are negligible in warfarin-treated rats and mice. /Anticoagulant rodenticides/

WHO; Environ Health Criteria 175: Anticoagulant Rodenticides p.46 (1995)


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