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Zinc Sulphate
Also known as: Zinc sulphate, 7733-02-0, Zinc sulfate anhydrous, Zincate, Zinc sulfate (1:1), Znso4
Molecular Formula
O4SZn
Molecular Weight
161.4  g/mol
InChI Key
NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L
FDA UNII
0J6Z13X3WO

A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
1 2D Structure

Zinc Sulphate

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
zinc;sulfate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/H2O4S.Zn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
2.1.3 InChI Key
NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Zn+2]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
0J6Z13X3WO
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Sulfate, Zinc

2. Zinc Sulfate, Heptahydrate

3. Zincteral

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Zinc Sulphate

2. 7733-02-0

3. Zinc Sulfate Anhydrous

4. Zincate

5. Zinc Sulfate (1:1)

6. Znso4

7. Sulfuric Acid, Zinc Salt (1:1)

8. Sulfate De Zinc

9. Zinc(ii) Sulfate

10. Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous

11. Zinc Sulfate, Anhydrous

12. Zinc Sulphate, Anhydrous

13. Zinc Sulfate (anhydrous)

14. Zinc Sulfate Hydrate

15. 0j6z13x3wo

16. Chebi:35176

17. Nsc-32677

18. Nsc-135806

19. Complexonat

20. Medizinc

21. Optised

22. Orazinc

23. Solvezinc

24. Zinklet

25. Neozin

26. Visine-ac

27. Zinci Sulfas

28. Prefrin-z

29. Zincum Sulfuricum

30. Zink-gro

31. Zinc Sulfate Solution

32. Zinc Vitriol (van)

33. Caswell No. 927

34. White Vitriol (van)

35. Zincsulphate

36. Salvazinc

37. Zinc;sulfate

38. Nu-z

39. Sulfuric Acid, Zinc Salt

40. Zinc-200

41. Sulfate De Zinc [french]

42. Ccris 3664

43. Sulfuric Acid Zinc Salt (van)

44. Hsdb 1063

45. Einecs 231-793-3

46. Nsc 32677

47. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 089001

48. Nsc 135806

49. Unii-0j6z13x3wo

50. Ai3-03967

51. Sulfato De Cinc

52. Zinc(ii)sulfate

53. Sulfato De Zinco

54. Solfato Di Zinco

55. Zinc (as Sulfate)

56. Zinc(2+) Sulfate

57. Mfcd00011302

58. Zinc (as Sulphate)

59. Zinc Sulphate Hydrate

60. Zinci Sulfas Monohydrate

61. Zinc Suflate Monohydrate

62. Zinc Sulfate, Unspecified

63. Zinc Sulfate [mi]

64. Zinc Sulphate Nanoparticles

65. Ec 231-793-3

66. Zinc Sulfate [hsdb]

67. Zinc Sulfate, Unspecified Form

68. Chembl1200929

69. Dtxsid2040315

70. Akos025295737

71. Zinc Sulfate, 100mm Aqueous Solution

72. Db09322

73. Q204954

74. J-010404

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 161.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula O4SZn
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass159.880871 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass159.880871 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area88.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count6
Formal Charge0
Complexity62.2
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count2
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Mesh Heading: Astringent

National Library of Medicine, SIS; ChemIDplus Record for Zinc Sulfate. (7733-02-0). Available from, as of April 17, 2006: https://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp


Dietary supplement ingredient in use before October 15, 1994 (Mineral and trace element) /Date of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994/..

NNFA List of Dietary Supplement Ingredients In Use Before October 15, 1994. Available from, as of December 8, 2006: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/05p0305/05p-0305-cr00001-03-NNFA-List-vol1.pdf


MEDICATION (VET): Zinc sulfate, USP, applied topically in 10% aqueous solution, is highly effective in treatment of foot rot in sheep.

Booth, N.H., L.E. McDonald (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982., p. 670


MEDICATION (VET): Useful antiseptic astringent for ophthalmic use as aqueous solution or ointment (0.25-0.5%). Spraying sheep with 0.25% solution after shearing reduced incidence of infected wounds. 1% solutions have been used on granular vaginitis lesions of cows, posthitis of rams, and make excellent detergent, odorless, antiseptic egg wash. ... As white lotion ... on bruised, inflamed, pruritic skin areas on cows and horses.

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 669


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

... Zinc sulfate often is an effective /emetic/, but potential hemolytic and renal toxicity is too great to recommend use ... .

American Medical Association, AMA Department of Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations. 5th ed. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1983., p. 489


Thiazide diuretics have been found to increase urinary zinc excretion. /Zinc supplements/

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006.


Large doses of zinc may inhibit copper absorption in the intestine; zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours after the administration of copper supplements. /Zinc supplements/

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006.


Patients using zinc sulfate ophthalmic solutions should be advised to discontinue the drug and consult a physician if ocular pain or visual changes occur, they experience continued ocular redness or irritation, or the condition worsens or persists for more than 3 days.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2006., p. 2761


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Drug Indication

This medication is a mineral used to treat or prevent low levels of zinc alone and together with oral rehydration therapy (ORT). It is also used as a topical astringent. Zinc Sulfate Injection, USP is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN.


Zinc sulfate is a common zinc supplement in parenteral nutrition.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Zinc has been identified as a cofactor for over 70 different enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and both RNA and DNA polymerase. Zinc facilitates wound healing, helps maintain normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and the senses of taste and smell.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Astringents

Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions. (See all compounds classified as Astringents.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Pharmacological Classes
Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]; Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A12 - Mineral supplements

A12C - Other mineral supplements

A12CB - Zinc

A12CB01 - Zinc sulfate


B - Blood and blood forming organs

B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions

B05X - I.v. solution additives

B05XA - Electrolyte solutions

B05XA18 - Zinc sulfate


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Approximately 20 to 30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, primarily from the duodenum and ileum. The amount absorbed is dependent on the bioavailability from food. Zinc is the most bioavailable from red meat and oysters. Phytates may impair absorption by chelation and formation of insoluble complexes at an alkaline pH. After absorption, zinc is bound in the intestine to the protein metallothionein. Endogenous zinc can be reabsorbed in the ileum and colon, creating an enteropancreatic circulation of zinc.


Route of Elimination

Primarily fecal (approximately 90%); to a lesser extent in the urine and in perspiration.


Volume of Distribution

After absorption zinc is bound to protein metallothionein in the intestines. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body. It is primarily stored in RBCs, WBCs, muscles, bones, Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, retina, and prostate.


The pharmacokinetics of zinc sulfate were compared with those of a new zinc pantothenate, in rabbits. Each salt was administered to rabbits at a dosage of 3.3 uCi of zinc-65/kg of body weight. The measured pharmacokinetics of the two compounds responded to a two compartment open model. The urinary elimination of the two salts was similar, as was their localization in the skin and fur, but Zn pantothenate was retained by the liver to a lesser extent than was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).

PMID:6520772 Guillard O et al; J Pharm Sci 73 (11): 1642-3 (1984)


Absorption: 20% to 30%. Protein binding: 99%. Elimination: Through small bowel excretion.

Lelkin, J.B., Paloucek, F.P., Poisoning & Toxicology Compendium. LEXI-COMP Inc. & American Pharmaceutical Association, Hudson, OH 1998., p. 573


In women in different trimesters of pregnancy, the oral administration of 200 mg zinc sulfate per day resulted in an increase of serum zinc levels from 109.7 to 205.4 mg/dL. In the control group, serum zinc levels declined from 113.0 mg/dL in the first trimester to 83.8 in the third trimester.

Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 2:267


...An absorption half-life of 0.4 hr /was reported/ when 45 mg Zn2+ as zinc sulfate was administered once in gelatine capsules to 10 healthy young men. Serum concentrations were measured frequently during a total investigation time of 8 hours. A mean maximum concentration of 8.2 umol Zn2+/L serum was found after 2.3 hours (tmax). There is evidence of an enteral recirculation, the first rebound effect appeared after 1.4 hours during the absorption phase before tmax was reached, and exhibited mean reabsorption rates of 70% of the dose given. The subsequent ones (max. of 5) appeared at regular intervals of 1.2 hours with a decrease of the quantity reabsorbed.

European Chemicals Bureau; EU Risk Assessment Report- Zinc sulphate, Vol.46 p.31 (2004). Available from, as of June 29, 2006: https://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for ZINC SULFATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.6 Biological Half-Life

3 hours


Half-life: 3 hours

Lelkin, J.B., Paloucek, F.P., Poisoning & Toxicology Compendium. LEXI-COMP Inc. & American Pharmaceutical Association, Hudson, OH 1998., p. 573


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Zinc inhibits cAMP-induced, chloride-dependent fluid secretion by inhibiting basolateral potassium (K) channels, in in-vitro studies with rat ileum. This study has also shown the specificity of Zn to cAMP-activated K channels, because zinc did not block the calcium (Ca)-mediated K channels. As this study was not performed in Zn-deficient animals, it provides evidence that Zn is probably effective in the absence of Zn deficiency. Zinc also improves the absorption of water and electrolytes, improves regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, increases the levels of brush border enzymes, and enhances the immune response, allowing for a better clearance of the pathogens.


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