Molecular Weight

222.67 g/mol

Molecular Formula

C₁₀H₁₁ClN₄

XLogP3

1.4

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count

Rotatable Bond Count

Exact Mass

222.0672241 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

222.0672241 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area

52.3 Å²

Heavy Atom Count

Formal Charge

Complexity

280

Isotope Atom Count

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count

Covalently Bonded Unit Count

To obtain information on the absorption, distribution, rate and route of elimination, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of acetamiprid, a study was performed in adult Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 154-193 g for males, 134-152 g for females; aged 5-6 weeks at the start of dosing; dosing for 15 days) using [(14)C]acetamiprid. The radiolabelled test substance (chemical purity > 99.9%, radiochemical purity 97.1-97.2%) was sent by the sponsor to the contract research organization. The non-labelled test substance /had/ a chemical purity of greater than 99.9%. The studies were conducted after oral administration of the test substance for 15 days. In total, five treatment groups (groups I, II, III, IV and V), consisting of 6 rats (3 males and 3 females) in each of the first three groups and 10 rats (5 males and 5 females) in each of the two remaining groups, were used. A single control group (group VI), consisting of four rats (two males and two females), was used. Groups I, II and III received oral doses of [(14)C]acetamiprid in 0.9% saline for 15 days at a target dose rate of 1.0 mg/kg body weight (bw). Groups IV and V received oral doses of acetamiprid in 0.9% saline for 14 days followed by a single oral dose of [(14)C]acetamiprid in 0.9% saline on day 15. The actual dose rate was 0.97-1.01 mg/kg bw for the rats in all five groups. The radiochemical purity of [(14)C]acetamiprid in the dose solution was determined to be 97.9% by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. The dose solution was stable under refrigerated conditions for at least 15 days. The specific activity of the radiolabelled dose solution was determined to be 1.85 x 10(+3) Bq/ug. Group VI was dosed with 0.9% saline only. Rats of groups I, II and III were sacrificed 1, 10 and 96 hours, respectively, after dosing of [(14)C]acetamiprid for 15 days. Rats of group IV were sacrificed 96 hours after a single dose of [(14)C]acetamiprid for tissue and organ collection. Group V was used only for blood pharmacokinetic analysis. Whole blood was drawn from each rat of group III approximately 1 hour post-dosing on days 1, 3, 7 and 15 to determine the [(14)C]acetamiprid concentration in blood. The average concentration in blood was in the range of 0.477-0.747 ug/mL in the males and 0.465-0.698 ug/mL in the females. Variation between animals was observed. These results indicate that the blood concentration at 1 hour post-dosing was consistent during the entire dosing period. Whole blood was drawn from each rat of group V at approximately 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24 and 48 hours to determine the [(14)C]acetamiprid concentration in blood. The mean values for peak concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), absorption half-life and area under the concentration versus time curve at infinity for the male rats were 0.798 +/- 0.111 ug/mL, 2.80 +/- 0.637 hours, 1.35 +/- 0.825 hours and 8.35 +/- 1.12 ug eq*hr/mL, respectively. Values for the same parameters in female rats averaged 0.861 +/- 0.132 ug/ml, 2.81 +/- 0.894 hours, 1.18 +/- 0.868 hours and 10.3 +/- 2.90 ug eq*hr/mL, respectively. The elimination half-lives for the male and female rats were 4.42 +/- 1.10 hours and 5.56 +/- 1.93 hours, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters for both sexes did not differ considerably. The Tmax values in both sexes indicated that the rate of absorption of acetamiprid was rapid, and a maximum blood concentration to possible saturation was achieved in approximately 2-3 hours. The elimination results indicate that most acetamiprid (53-65%) was excreted in the urine. The excretion in urine and cage rinse combined amounted to 61-73%. The results also indicate that acetamiprid was absorbed rapidly (within 1 hour) from the gastrointestinal tract, as greater than 90% of the administered dose was eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract within 1 hour after dosing. No difference was observed in elimination of test substance between chronic administration of acetamiprid for 14 days followed by a single administration of radiolabelled acetamiprid on day 15 (group IV) and chronic administration of radiolabelled acetamiprid for 15 days (groups I, II and III). The amount of administered radioactivity eliminated in feces was lower for females (22-29%) than for males (30-35%). The whole blood, liver, kidney, lung, pancreas, spleen, heart, brain, testes (male), ovary (female), skeletal muscles, inguinal fat (white), skin with hair, thyroid, bone, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract with contents, cage rinses and residual carcasses were collected from each rat of groups I, II, III and IV. All collected samples were not composited but kept and analysed separately to account for the material balance for each rat. Radioactivity, after administration of the last chronic dose, was detected at the earliest sampling point (1 hour) in all the tissues collected from each rat. The radioactivity in most tissues was the highest at 1 hour post-dosing and declined rapidly thereafter (groups II and III). The Tmax for [(14)C]acetamiprid in the male and female rats indicated that the rate of absorption was rapid, and a maximum blood concentration (approximately 0.8 ug/mL) to possible saturation was achieved in approximately 2-3 hours. The levels of [(14)C]acetamiprid residue in tissues collected at 1 hour post-dosing confi rm the results obtained from the pharmacokinetic analysis. [(14)C]Acetamiprid residue levels seen in tissues collected 10 hours post-dosing (group II) were found to be substantially lower than residue levels in tissues collected 1 hour post-dosing. The elimination half-life for both sexes indicated that the rate of elimination was rapid. The levels of [(14)C]acetamiprid residues in tissues collected at 10 hours post-dosing confirm the results obtained from the pharmacokinetic studies. [(14)C]Acetamiprid residue levels seen in tissues collected 96 hours post-dosing (group III) were found to be very low compared with the levels observed in the tissues collected at 1 hour and 10 hours post-dosing. The elimination half-life for both sexes was between 4 and 6 hours postdosing, indicating that the rate of elimination was rapid and that retention of residue in tissues after chronic administration was minimal. The highest radioactivity levels were observed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney in both sexes at all sacrifice times. The lowest concentration was observed in bone and white fat. The residue levels observed were higher in all tissues of rats chronically treated with [(14)C]acetamiprid for 15 days (group III) compared with the rats in group IV, which received a single final dose of [(14)C]acetamiprid following 14 days of non-labelled acetamiprid doses. The residue levels observed in the tissues of rats sacrificed 96 hours after the last dose were very low (0.01-0.1 part per million [ppm]), as most of the administered dose (> 90%) was eliminated through the urine and feces. The total administered radioactivity recovered in groups I, II, III and IV was in the range of 91.7-106%, whereas recovery in group V (the pharmacokinetics group) was 71.7% and 85.6% in males and females, respectively. The loss of urine samples during a series of bleeding procedures is a possible explanation for the low recovery in group V.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues; Pesticide Residues in Food - 2011, Evaluations, Part II - Toxicological p.4-7 (2011). Available from, as of November 2, 2018: https://apps.who.int/pesticide-residues-jmpr-database

To ascertain the effect of administration of acetamiprid in single low and high doses, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of acetamiprid in rats were investigated. [Pyridine- 2,6-(14)C]acetamiprid was intravenously or orally administered to five male and five female rats in groups A, B and D at dose levels of 1.0, 1.0 and 50 mg/kg bw, respectively. In group CN-B, the metabolism study of [cyano-(14)C]acetamiprid was performed at a dose level of 1.0 mg/kg bw. Group A was for the determination of the absorption rate by calculation from the excretion rate and metabolite analysis. Groups B, D and CN-B were for blood levels, tissue distribution, metabolite analysis and excretion rate. ... In summary, acetamiprid orally dosed in rats was rapidly absorbed and widely distributed into the tissues via blood. The majority of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine through the kidney and in the feces via bile. The disappearance of the radioactivity from the body of the rat was rapid, and there were no tissues that are presumed to accumulate the compound. No differences in the sexes were observed.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues; Pesticide Residues in Food - 2011, Evaluations, Part II - Toxicological p.7-12 (2011). Available from, as of November 2, 2018: https://apps.who.int/pesticide-residues-jmpr-database

A biliary excretion study was conducted using Sprague-Dawley bile duct-cannulated rats approximately 10-12 weeks old at dosing. Four male and four female bile duct-cannulated rats received single doses of [(14)C]acetamiprid in 0.9% saline through an intragastric cannula. The average dose rates were 1.02 and 1.07 mg/kg bw for the male and female rats, respectively. The radiochemical purity of [(14)C]acetamiprid in the dose solution was determined to be 97.1% by HPLC analysis. One male and one female rat were dosed with placebo (0.9% saline, containing no test substance). A steady increase in [(14)C]acetamiprid residue level was observed in bile from 3 to 12 hours post-dosing, with the highest amount (percentage of administered dose) at 12 hours post-dosing in both male and female rats. The average recovery of the administered dose in bile over a 48-hour period was 19.9% +/- 1.47% in the male rats and 18.6% +/- 0.62% in the female rats. Recovery of the [(14)C]acetamiprid residues excreted in bile accounted for less than 20% of the total administered dose, suggesting that bile is not a predominant excretory pathway in either the male or the female rats. The absorption of the test substance and the extent of fi rst-pass metabolism/presystemic elimination were not signifi cantly different between the sexes. were not significantly different between the sexes. The average recovery of the administered dose in feces over a 48-hour period was 6.72% 3.36% in the male rats and 5.84% +/- 0.86% in the female rats. The average recovery of the administered dose in urine over a 48-hour period was 24.3% +/- 5.22% in the male rats and 36.9% +/- 3.80% in the female rats. In the male and female rats, the sum of urine plus cage rinses, 60.2% +/- 5.20% and 64.4% +/- 2.86%, respectively, accounted for the major residues, suggesting that most of the administered dose was excreted in urine. The average recovery of the administered dose in liver at 48 hours post-dosing was 0.22% 0.13% in the male rats and 0.18% +/- 0.18% in the female rats. The average recovery of the administered dose in the gastrointestinal tract at 48 hours post-dosing was 0.46% +/- 0.34% in the male rats and 0.33% +/- 0.23% in the female rats. These results indicate that an insignificant amount of acetamiprid (< 1% in the collected tissues) was absorbed into the liver or remained in the gastrointestinal tract in both the male and female rats. the male and female rats. The total recoveries of the administered dose in the three male rats were 93.2%, 92.8% and 89.6%, respectively. The total recoveries of the administered dose in the three female rats were 94.9%, 93.5% and 91.2%, respectively.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues; Pesticide Residues in Food - 2011, Evaluations, Part II - Toxicological p.12-16 (2011). Available from, as of November 2, 2018: https://apps.who.int/pesticide-residues-jmpr-database

The extent of absorption of acetamiprid was studied following application of 70% wettable powder containing [(14)C]acetamiprid (purity 97.5%) to the skin of male Crl: CD(SD)BR rats. The animals were approximately 8 weeks old upon arrival and weighed 176-216 g (preliminary phase) and 143-203 g (defi nitive phase). Target dose levels were 1, 10 and 100 ug/sq cm. Actual dose levels were 0.0136 mg/animal (1.09 ug/sq cm), 0.119 mg/animal (9.53 ug/sq cm) and 1.13 mg/animal (90.2 ug/sq cm). A preliminary phase, consisting of two groups of four animals each, was conducted to evaluate and establish test material application and skin washing techniques. In the preliminary phase, male rats were dermally dosed at two levels (0.0128 mg/animal and 1.26 mg/animal). In the definitive phase, three groups of 24 rats per group were dermally dosed with [(14)C]-acetamiprid at three dose levels. A control group of two rats received only the vehicle (1% carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution). Urine and feces were collected from each rat. Immediately before sacrifice, the skin at the application site was washed. Four rats per time point from each dose group were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 10 and 24 hours; the control rats were sacrifi ced at 24 hours. At sacrifice, blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Among the treated groups, the mean total recovery of radioactivity ranged from 96.6% to 102%, with most of the radioactivity (63.9-87.5%) in the skin wash. Radioactivity in the skin at the application site accounted for 10.2-32.2% of the applied radioactivity. Radioactivity in blood, excreta and carcasses accounted for less than 6.50% of the applied radioactivity. The amounts of radioactivity found in the blood, eliminated in the excreta and retained in the carcass were considered to result from direct dermal absorption of [(14)C]acetamiprid. Within groups, amounts of dermal absorption increased with increasing exposure time. The highest absorption was detected at the longest exposure time, 24 hours post-dosing, and accounted for 4.27% (0.581 ug), 6.34% (7.54 ug) and 2.82% (31.9 ug) for the 1.09, 9.53 and 90.2 ug/sq cm dose groups, respectively. The sum of direct absorption and amount of radioactivity remaining in the skin at the application site was considered to be indirect absorption. The amounts of indirect absorption were 3-5 ug, 25-37 ug and 118-197 ug for the 1.09, 9.53 and 90.2 ug/sq cm dose groups, respectively. The highest concentration of radioactivity in blood was 0.001 ppm for the 1.09 ug/sq cm dose group at 24 hours post-dosing, 0.019 ppm and 0.010 ppm for the 9.53 ug/sq cm dose group at 10 and 24 hours post-dosing, respectively, and 0.041 ppm for the 90.2 ug/sq cm dose group at 24 hours post-dosing. The amount of direct absorption of acetamiprid in rats was proportional at the two lower dose levels and appeared to reach saturation at the highest dose level.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues; Pesticide Residues in Food - 2011, Evaluations, Part II - Toxicological p.16-17 (2011). Available from, as of November 2, 2018: https://apps.who.int/pesticide-residues-jmpr-database

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Acetamiprid (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.