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Tox21_202492

Tox21_202492

Synopsis, Chemistry

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Also known as: 1306-19-0, Cadmium fume, Mfcd00010921, Oxocadmium, Ncgc00091341-01, Dsstox_cid_4715

Molecular Formula

CdO

Molecular Weight

128.41 g/mol

InChI Key

CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cadmium Oxide is a dark brown colored, crystalline, inorganic compound that forms toxic fumes of cadmium oxides when heated. Calcium oxide is mainly used in nickel-cadmium batteries, but is also used in electroplating, in the production of plastics and nitrile rubbers and as a nematocide and ascaricide in swine. Exposure to this substance irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and causes damage to the lungs resulting in shortness of breath, chest pain and pulmonary edema, and can also damage the kidneys causing proteinuria and decreased renal function. Calcium oxide is a known carcinogen and is associated with an elevated risk of developing lung cancer. (NCI05)

1 2D Structure

Tox21_202492

2 Identification

2.1 Computed Descriptors

2.1.1 IUPAC Name

oxocadmium

2.1.2 InChI

InChI=1S/Cd.O

2.1.3 InChI Key

CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

2.1.4 Canonical SMILES

O=[Cd]

2.2 Synonyms

2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Cadmium Oxide, Hydrate

2. Monteponite

2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 1306-19-0

2. Cadmium Fume

3. Mfcd00010921

4. Oxocadmium

5. Ncgc00091341-01

6. Dsstox_cid_4715

7. Aska-rid

8. Dsstox_rid_77509

9. Dsstox_gsid_24715

10. Kadmu Tlenek [polish]

11. Caswell No. 136aa

12. Kadmu Tlenek

13. Cadmium(ii) Oxide

14. Ccris 115

15. Cas-1306-19-0

16. Hsdb 1613

17. Nci-c02551

18. Einecs 215-146-2

19. Unii-0h3kws8kj3

20. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 236200

21. Cadmium Oxide Fume

22. Cadmium Oxide Brown

23. Cadmium Oxide [cadmium And Cadmium Compounds]

24. Ec 215-146-2

25. Dtxsid0024715

26. Niosh/ev1930000

27. Cadmium Oxide, Puriss., 99.0%

28. Baa30619

29. Tox21_111117

30. Tox21_202492

31. Akos015904020

32. Ncgc00260041-01

33. Cadmium Oxide, 99.998% (metals Basis)

34. Ev19300000

35. Cadmium Oxide, >=99.99% Trace Metals Basis

36. Cadmium Oxide, Powder, 99.5% Trace Metals Basis

37. Q196661

2.3 Create Date

2005-08-08

3 Chemical and Physical Properties

Molecular Formula	CdO
Molecular Weight	128.41 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	1
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Exact Mass	129.898280 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass	129.898280 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area	17.1 Å²
Heavy Atom Count	2
Formal Charge	0
Complexity	2
Isotope Atom Count	0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count	0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count	0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count	1

4 Drug and Medication Information

4.1 Therapeutic Uses

MEDICATION (VET): AS AN ASCARICIDE IN SWINE

Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 266

5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry

5.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Cadmium is a metallic impurity in various minerals. The two main cadmium exposure sources in general population are food and tobacco smoking...Cadmium is a cumulative toxic substance whose half-time for elimination is about 20 to 40 years and it is mainly stored in the liver and kidneys. Inhalation of cadmium oxide fumes may cause inhalation fevers or chemical pneumonitis. Cadmium chronic poisoning causes mainly renal tubulopathy and could be the cause of osteomalacia and diffuse osteoporosis. Cadmium is classified as certain carcinogen agent for humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The most relevant biological index exposure is the urinary cadmium. According to literature, no chelating agent can be still used in human cadmium poisonings. In France, some diseases caused by occupational exposure to cadmium may be compensated.

Andujar Pet al; Rev Med Interne 31 (2): 107-115 (2010)

1 YR INHALATION OF CADMIUM OXIDE ... BY DOGS @ LEVELS OF 3-7 MG/CU M DAILY RESULTED IN ... BLOOD CADMIUM CONCN AVG 0.22 MG% & URINE ... WERE 0.36 MG/L. MOST ... CADMIUM ... RETAINED IN LUNGS, CONSIDERABLE AMT IN KIDNEY & LIVER ... LESSER AMT IN BONE & TEETH. LACK OF EFFECT ... ATTRIBUTED TO LOW RATE OF SOLUBILITY ...

Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 1014

... ARC-PRODUCED CD FUME PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN LARGE NUMBER OF 5 ANIMAL SPECIES AT LD50 DOSES ... /WITH/ PARTICULATE DIAMETER ... FROM 0.3 TO 0.5 MU ... /SHOWED/ AVG FUME DEPOSITION IN LUNG ... ABOUT SAME FOR ALL SPECIES, 11%, WITH RANGE BETWEEN 4.3 & 21.7% ...

Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1573

RATS WHICH DIED WITHIN 3 DAYS OF EXPOSURE TO AEROSOL OF CADMIUM OXIDE (60 M UG/L FOR 30 MIN) SHOWED LUNG LEVEL OF 26.9 UG.

HADLEY JG ET AL; TOXICOL LETT 4 (2): 107 (1979)

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for CADMIUM OXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

5.2 Biological Half-Life

IN RATS, INTRATRACHEALLY ADMIN CADMIUM OXIDE TAGGED WITH (109)CD, HALF-LIFE IN LUNG WAS 4 HR ...

PMID:7394784 HADLEY JG ET AL; TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL 54 (1): 156 (1980)

5.3 Mechanism of Action

Rats were intratracheally... /dosed with/ 36.5 or 27.5 ug of cadmium (Cd) as soluble cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and insoluble cadmium oxide (CdO) salts. The retention of metal in lungs, liver and kidney was assessed by atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. The animals were ip primed with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and assessed for the number of antibody forming cells in lung associated lymph nodes (LALN) and spleen. Both the compounds had similar retention of metal in lungs but CdO induced more pulmonary inflammatory and degradative changes than CdCl2. The larger influx of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) following CdO exposure appears to be due to the absence of protection afforded by Cd induced metallothionein cytoplasmic protein while the Cd metallothionein complex formed in the case of CdCl2 is more protective. However both forms of Cd had similar local immunosuppressive potential but CdO had more prolonged suppressive effect

Dogra S et al; Indian J Exp Biol 40 (3): 262-267(2002)

Surfactant lipids of the alveolar space protect the lung from various environmental stimuli. We investigated the influence of ultrafine (UF) CdO particles inhalation on two key enzymes involved in lung sphingolipid metabolism, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), and sphingomyelinase (SMase). Rats inhaled either 0.63 mg UF-CdO/cu m for 6 hr (group 1), or 1.08 mg UF-CdO/cu m 12 hr/day for 10 days (group 2). Two corresponding control groups inhaled filtered clean air. Additional rats intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as positive controls. Semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of lung tissue showed a significant increase in the level of SPT mRNA (LCB2 subunit) expression in group 2 compared to the corresponding controls (p <0.01). Group 1 and LPS were not statistically different from control. No alteration in the mRNA level of SMase was detected in any exposure group. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that SPT (LCB2 subunit) localization was stronger in the alveolar type II cells of group 2 lungs compared to the corresponding controls. These results were correlated with alterations in ...cellular and biochemical parameters and lung morphology. Since SPT is the key enzyme for de novo sphingolipid synthesis in lung surfactant and SMase is responsible for sphingomyelin catabolism, we can postulate that high-dose UF-CdO exposure for 10 days induces an increase in sphingolipid synthesis in the type II cells of rat lungs that would not be promptly followed by its degradation.

Alessandrini F et al; Inhal Toxicol 15 (4): 343-356 (2003)