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Tiotixene
Also known as: Trans-thiothixene, Thiothixene, (e)-thiothixene, 3313-27-7, Orbinamon, 5591-45-7
Molecular Formula
C23H29N3O2S2
Molecular Weight
443.6  g/mol
InChI Key
GFBKORZTTCHDGY-UFWORHAWSA-N
FDA UNII
7UE42HF37R

A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.
1 2D Structure

Tiotixene

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(9E)-N,N-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propylidene]thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C23H29N3O2S2/c1-24(2)30(27,28)18-10-11-23-21(17-18)19(20-7-4-5-9-22(20)29-23)8-6-12-26-15-13-25(3)14-16-26/h4-5,7-11,17H,6,12-16H2,1-3H3/b19-8+
2.1.3 InChI Key
GFBKORZTTCHDGY-UFWORHAWSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CN1CCN(CC1)CCC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CN1CCN(CC1)CC/C=C/2\C3=CC=CC=C3SC4=C2C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)N(C)C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
7UE42HF37R
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Navane

2. Thiothixene

3. Tiotixene

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Trans-thiothixene

2. Thiothixene

3. (e)-thiothixene

4. 3313-27-7

5. Orbinamon

6. 5591-45-7

7. Thiothixene, (e)-

8. P-4657a

9. Navan

10. 7ue42hf37r

11. Cp-12,252-1 Base

12. (9e)-n,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propylidene]thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

13. 9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide,n,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]-

14. P 4657b

15. P-4657 B

16. P-4657-b

17. N,n-dimethyl-9-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propylidene)-9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

18. Smr000653538

19. Unii-7ue42hf37r

20. Trans-tiotixen

21. Nsc108165

22. 9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide, N,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]-

23. N,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

24. Ncgc00015998-04

25. Spectrum5_001150

26. Lopac-t-0780

27. Bspbio_002022

28. Mls001146956

29. Mls001360493

30. Schembl718331

31. Spectrum1500576

32. 2-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-[9-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]thioxanthene

33. Chembl1336727

34. Bdbm86187

35. Chebi:93708

36. Hms501a17

37. (e)-n,n-dimethyl-9-(3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propylidene)-9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

38. N,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]thiaxanthene-2-sulfonamide

39. Dtxsid401316424

40. Hms1921e13

41. Hms2092m15

42. Hms2230h09

43. Pharmakon1600-01500576

44. (e)-thiothixene [usp-rs]

45. Nsc_5454

46. Ccg-39271

47. Nsc757350

48. Pdsp1_000169

49. Pdsp1_000550

50. Pdsp2_000168

51. Pdsp2_000548

52. Thiothixene Trans-ismer [mi]

53. Zinc29747244

54. Akos024283092

55. At12061

56. Nsc-757350

57. Idi1_000335

58. Thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide, N,n-dimethyl-9-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene)-, (e)-

59. Trans-n,n-dimethyl-9-(3-(4-methyl-piperazinyl)propylidene)thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

60. Ncgc00015998-01

61. Ncgc00015998-02

62. Ncgc00015998-03

63. Ncgc00015998-06

64. Ncgc00094793-01

65. Ncgc00094793-02

66. Ncgc00094793-04

67. Sbi-0051534.p003

68. Cas_22189-31-7

69. Ab00052109_11

70. L001204

71. Sr-05000002078

72. Sr-05000002078-1

73. Brd-k97309399-001-02-9

74. Brd-k97309399-001-05-2

75. Q27268863

76. Wln: T C666 Bs Iyj Fswn1&1 Iu3- At6n Dntj D1

77. (9e)-n,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propylidene]-9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

78. 9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]-

79. 9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]-, (z)-

80. Thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]-

81. 9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide, N,n-dimethyl-9-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene)-, (9e)-

82. Cis-thiothixene N,n-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide

83. N,n-dimethyl-9-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene)-9h-thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide, (e)-

2.4 Create Date
2005-07-09
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 443.6 g/mol
Molecular Formula C23H29N3O2S2
XLogP33.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count6
Rotatable Bond Count5
Exact Mass443.17011952 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass443.17011952 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area77.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count30
Formal Charge0
Complexity711
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameThiothixene
PubMed HealthThiothixene (By mouth)
Drug ClassesAntipsychotic
Drug LabelThiothixene is a thioxanthene derivative. Specifically, it is the cis isomer of N,N-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide. It may be represented by the following structural formula:The thioxanthenes differ from...
Active IngredientThiothixene
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength1mg; 5mg; 2mg; 10mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanySandoz; Mylan

2 of 2  
Drug NameThiothixene
PubMed HealthThiothixene (By mouth)
Drug ClassesAntipsychotic
Drug LabelThiothixene is a thioxanthene derivative. Specifically, it is the cis isomer of N,N-dimethyl-9-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propylidene]thioxanthene-2-sulfonamide. It may be represented by the following structural formula:The thioxanthenes differ from...
Active IngredientThiothixene
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength1mg; 5mg; 2mg; 10mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanySandoz; Mylan

4.2 Therapeutic Uses

Antipsychotic Agents; Dopamine Antagonists

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings. Citalopram. Online file (MeSH, 2018). Available from, as of February 2, 2018: https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search


/CLINICAL TRIALS/ ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants conducted around the world. The Web site is maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Each ClinicalTrials.gov record presents summary information about a study protocol and includes the following: Disease or condition; Intervention (for example, the medical product, behavior, or procedure being studied); Title, description, and design of the study; Requirements for participation (eligibility criteria); Locations where the study is being conducted; Contact information for the study locations; and Links to relevant information on other health Web sites, such as NLM's MedlinePlus for patient health information and PubMed for citations and abstracts for scholarly articles in the field of medicine. Thiothixene is included in the database.

NIH/NLM; ClinicalTrials.Gov. Available from, as of February 2, 2018: https://clinicaltrials.gov/


Thiothixene capsules are effective in the management of schizophrenia. /Included in US product label/

NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Thiothixene Capsule (Updated: March 24, 2017). Available from, as of February 7, 2018: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=265f456a-b7eb-41ba-8eb4-fa417a5191cb


Experience with the drug in treating neurotic conditions is limited and does not indicate that thiothixene is likely to have advantages over anxiolytic agents, butyrophenones, phenothiazines, or chlorprothixene (no longer commercially available in the US). Thiothixene has not been evaluated in the management of behavioral complications in mentally retarded patients.

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017; Drug Information 2017. Bethesda, MD. 2017


4.3 Drug Warning

/BOXED WARNING/ Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis: Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of seventeen placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. Thiothixene is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.

NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Thiothixene Capsule (Updated: March 24, 2017). Available from, as of February 7, 2018: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=265f456a-b7eb-41ba-8eb4-fa417a5191cb


Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, including thiothixene. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown.

NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Thiothixene Capsule (Updated: March 24, 2017). Available from, as of February 7, 2018: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=265f456a-b7eb-41ba-8eb4-fa417a5191cb


A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs, including thiothixene. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmias).

NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Thiothixene Capsule (Updated: March 24, 2017). Available from, as of February 7, 2018: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=265f456a-b7eb-41ba-8eb4-fa417a5191cb


The most frequent adverse effects of thiothixene are drowsiness (which usually is mild and subsides with continuation of therapy) and extrapyramidal symptoms. Like propylpiperazine phenothiazines, thiothixene is more likely to produce akathisia and dystonia than parkinson-like syndromes. Generally, extrapyramidal effects can be controlled by reducing the dosage of thiothixene and/or administering an antiparkinsonian drug.

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017; Drug Information 2017. Bethesda, MD. 2017


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Thiothixene (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Antipsychotic Agents

Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. (See all compounds classified as Antipsychotic Agents.)


Dopamine Antagonists

Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME. (See all compounds classified as Dopamine Antagonists.)


5.2 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.2.1 Pharmacological Classes
Typical Antipsychotic [EPC]
5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Fifty-nine plasma thiothixene concentrations were measured in 42 patients as part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Data collection included concomitant medications, smoking history, and demographic variables. A retrospective analysis was performed to assess the effect of these parameters on oral thiothixene clearance. When groups of patients were categorized by concomitant medications (i.e., no interacting drugs, enzyme/clearance inducers, and enzyme/clearance inhibitors), thiothixene clearance was found to be significantly increased by enzyme inducing drugs (e.g., anticonvulsants) and decreased by clearance inhibiting agents (e.g., cimetidine). Tobacco smoking significantly increased the hepatic clearance of thiothixene within the no interactions and inhibitor groups, but not in the inducer group. Significantly more patients in the inducer group had nondetectable plasma concentrations of thiothixene than the other groups. When the entire patient population was dichotomized by age, patients less than 50 years old had a significantly greater mean clearance (48.2 +/- 37.8 liters/min) versus those greater than or equal to 50 (20.0 +/- 12.6 liters/min). Men in this cohort exhibited a significantly higher clearance (49.2 +/- 38.7 liters/min) than did the women (22.0 +/- 13.5 liters/min). By taking into account these potential sources of pharmacokinetic variability when monitoring plasma thiothixene concentrations, more appropriate dosing of thiothixene may be achieved. Controlled, prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

PMID:1765572 Ereshefsky et al; J Clin Psychopharmacol 11 (5): 296-301 (1991)


Thiothixene is widely distributed into body tissues and may remain in the body for several weeks following administration.

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017; Drug Information 2017. Bethesda, MD. 2017


Thiothixene is well absorbed from the GI tract. Therapeutic response may occur within a few days to several weeks following oral administration of the drug. Plasma concentrations required for therapeutic effects are not known.

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017; Drug Information 2017. Bethesda, MD. 2017


Two experiments are reported in which acute single test dose levels of thiothixene (Navane) were correlated with age. In the first study 20 mg oral doses were given to 28 male subjects and serum levels were drawn 2 hr later. Mean age was 30 and correlation of serum level with age was 0.43, P less than 0.02. In a second older group with a mean age of 41, 10 mg oral doses were given to 25 subjects. A correlation with age of 0.41, P less than 0.05 was obtained with age. In prior work such acute levels have been found to correlate with steady-state serum levels and with clinical response to the medication. ...

PMID:6791222 Yesavage JA et al; Psychopharmacology (Berl) 74 (2): 170-2 (1981)


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

Thiothixene is metabolized in the liver and is excreted mainly in feces via biliary elimination as unchanged drug and as the demethyl, sulfoxide, demethylated sulfoxide, and hydroxylated thiothixene derivatives.

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2017; Drug Information 2017. Bethesda, MD. 2017


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