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Prestwick2_000964
Also known as: Metacycline, 914-00-1, Rondomycin, Methylenecycline, Tri-methacycline, Methacyclinum
Molecular Formula
C22H22N2O8
Molecular Weight
442.4  g/mol
InChI Key
XIYOPDCBBDCGOE-IWVLMIASSA-N
FDA UNII
IR235I7C5P

A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.
1 2D Structure

Prestwick2_000964

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(4S,4aR,5S,5aR,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylidene-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C22H22N2O8/c1-7-8-5-4-6-9(25)11(8)16(26)12-10(7)17(27)14-15(24(2)3)18(28)13(21(23)31)20(30)22(14,32)19(12)29/h4-6,10,14-15,17,25-27,30,32H,1H2,2-3H3,(H2,23,31)/t10-,14-,15+,17+,22+/m1/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
XIYOPDCBBDCGOE-IWVLMIASSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CN(C)C1C2C(C3C(=C)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)O)C(=C3C(=O)C2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C(=C)C4=C(C(=CC=C4)O)C(=C3C(=O)[C@@]2(C(=C(C1=O)C(=O)N)O)O)O)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
IR235I7C5P
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Lysocline

2. Metacycline

3. Methacycline Monohydrochloride

4. Methyleneoxytetracycline

5. Monohydrochloride, Methacycline

6. Physiomycine

7. Rondomycin

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Metacycline

2. 914-00-1

3. Rondomycin

4. Methylenecycline

5. Tri-methacycline

6. Methacyclinum

7. 6-methyleneoxytetracycline

8. Metacyclinum

9. Metaciclina

10. 6-methylene-5-oxytetracycline

11. 6-methylene-5-hydroxytetracycline

12. Gs-2876

13. 6-deoxy-6-demethyl-6-methylene-5-oxytetracycline

14. Bialatan

15. 6-demethyl-6-deoxy-5-hydroxy-6-methylenetetracycline

16. Methacycline Base

17. Metacycline (inn)

18. Metacycline [inn]

19. Methacycline Amphoteric

20. Motc

21. Chebi:6805

22. Methacycline (usan)

23. Ir235i7c5p

24. 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide

25. Oxytetracycline, 6-methylene-

26. Methacycline [usan]

27. (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,12ar)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,5,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylidene-3,12-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide

28. Metacyclinum [inn-latin]

29. Methacycline [usan:ban]

30. Metaciclina [inn-spanish]

31. (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,12as)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide

32. 2-naphthacenecarboxamide,4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-, (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,12as)-

33. Gs 2876

34. Hsdb 3118

35. Einecs 213-017-5

36. Unii-ir235i7c5p

37. 2-naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-, (4s-(4alpha,4aalpha,5alpha,5aalpha,12aalpha))-

38. Spectrum_000381

39. Prestwick0_000964

40. Prestwick1_000964

41. Prestwick2_000964

42. Prestwick3_000964

43. Spectrum2_001398

44. Spectrum3_000917

45. Spectrum4_001016

46. Spectrum5_001576

47. Methacycline [mi]

48. Methacycline [hsdb]

49. Schembl4014

50. Schembl4015

51. Methacycline [vandf]

52. Bspbio_000967

53. Doxycycline Impurity B

54. Kbiogr_001511

55. Kbioss_000861

56. Metacycline [who-dd]

57. Methacycline [mart.]

58. (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,12as)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylidene-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide

59. Divk1c_000591

60. Spbio_001416

61. Spbio_002888

62. Bpbio1_001065

63. Chembl249837

64. Dtxsid2023272

65. Schembl19555132

66. Kbio1_000591

67. Kbio2_000861

68. Kbio2_003429

69. Kbio2_005997

70. Kbio3_001894

71. Ninds_000591

72. Kuc106428n

73. 2-naphthacenecarboxamide, 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-, (4s-(4.alpha.,4a.alpha.,5.alpha.,5a.alpha.,12a.alpha.))-

74. Bcp24961

75. Ksc-12-231a

76. Zinc4019716

77. Bdbm50103629

78. Bdbm50565697

79. Zinc85650610

80. Akos015961140

81. Zinc100017626

82. Db00931

83. Idi1_000591

84. Ncgc00179358-01

85. Ncgc00179358-03

86. Ncgc00179358-05

87. Ac-13213

88. Sbi-0051637.p002

89. Ab00514707

90. C07654

91. D04972

92. Ab00053593-03

93. Ab00053593_04

94. Ab00053593_05

95. Doxycycline Hyclate Impurity B [ep Impurity]

96. Q2365033

97. Doxycycline Monohydrate Impurity B [ep Impurity]

98. (4s,4ar,5s,5ar,12as)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide

2.4 Create Date
2011-12-26
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 442.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula C22H22N2O8
XLogP30.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count9
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass442.13761566 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass442.13761566 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area182 Ų
Heavy Atom Count32
Formal Charge0
Complexity998
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count5
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Antibiotics, Tetracycline

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


The tetracyclines and chloramphenicol are effective and may be lifesaving in rickettsial infections, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, recrudescent epidemic typhus (Brill's disease), murine typhus, scrub typhus, rickettsialpox, and Q fever. /Tetracyclines/

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1123


...ONLY ADVANTAGE OF METHACYCLINE IS ITS LONGER DURATION OF ACTION. ... LOW RATE OF EXCRETION RESULTS IN LOWER URINE CONCN...SO THAT IT IS LESS EFFECTIVE IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS THAN SHORTER-ACTING TETRACYCLINES.

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1141


METHACYCLINE WAS HIGHLY ACTIVE AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS, E COLI, PROTEUS, & PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO. ITS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN MICE WITH EXPTL PNEUMONIA WAS GREATER THAN OF OXYTETRACYCLINE. MEAN CURATIVE DOSE WAS 1.5 TIMES LOWER THAN OXYTETRACYCLINE.

BODUNKOVA LE ET AL; ANTIBIOTIKI (MOSCOW) 20 (11): 1014-18 (1975)


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for METHACYCLINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

METHACYCLINE SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PT WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION, BUT IF ITS USE CANNOT BE AVOIDED, DOSE-INTERVAL MUST BE INCR TO AS LONG AS 3-4 DAYS IN ANURIA. NONSYSTEMIC ANTACIDS & FOOD INTERFERE WITH ABSORPTION. /METHACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE/

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 1141


Pregnant women appear to be particularly susceptible to sever, tetracycline induced hepatic damage. Jaundice appears first, and azotemia, acidosis, and irreversible shock may follow. The live is diffusely infiltrated with fat; although hepatic fat is increased during pregnancy, the quantity appears to be even greater after exposure to a tetracycline. /Tetracyclines/

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1121


IT SHOULD BE EMPHASIZED THAT CROSS-SENSITIZATION AMONG VARIOUS TETRACYCLINES IS VERY COMMON IF NOT UNIVERSAL. /TETRACYCLINES/

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1122


Demeclocycline, doxycycline, and, to a lesser extent, other derivatives may produce mild-to-severe reactions in the skin of treated individuals exposed to sunlight. /Tetracyclines/

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1121


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for METHACYCLINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Minimum/Potential Fatal Human Dose

2-3. 2= SLIGHTLY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 5-15 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 PINT & 1 QT FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). 3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). /TETRACYCLINES/

Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-172


4.4 Drug Indication

For the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Methacycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. Similar to other tetracyclines, it has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is active against most Gram-positive bacteria (pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, salmonella, shigella, etc.), and towards agents causing onithosis, psittacosis, trachoma, and some Protozoa. Like other tetracyclines, the general usefulness of methacycline has been reduced with the onset of bacterial resistance.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Bacterial Agents.)


5.3 ATC Code

J - Antiinfectives for systemic use

J01 - Antibacterials for systemic use

J01A - Tetracyclines

J01AA - Tetracyclines

J01AA05 - Metacycline


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

58% absorbed


MOST OF THE TETRACYCLINES ARE ADEQUATELY BUT INCOMPLETELY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT. ... MOST ABSORPTION TAKES PLACE FROM STOMACH & UPPER SMALL INTESTINE & IS GREATER IN FASTING STATE. IT IS MUCH LESS COMPLETE FROM LOWER PORTION OF INTESTINAL TRACT. /TETRACYCLINES/

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1119


ABOUT 50% OF METHACYCLINE IS EXCRETED IN UNCHANGED FORM IN URINE.

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1120


VOL OF DISTRIBUTION OF TETRACYCLINES IS RELATIVELY LARGER THAN THAT OF BODY WATER, INDICATING SEQUESTRATION IN SOME TISSUES. THEY ARE BOUND TO PLASMA PROTEINS IN VARYING DEGREE. APPROX VALUES...METHACYCLINE, ABOUT 80%...

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1119


BINDING OF SEVERAL TETRACYCLINES TO HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN WAS STUDIED USING DIFFERENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY & A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC PROBE, 2-(4-HYDROXYBENZENEAZO)BENZOIC ACID. DRUG-PROBE DISPLACEMENT STUDIES SHOWED THAT METHACYCLINE GAVE GREATEST PROBE DISPLACEMENT.

PMID:3641 ZIA H, PRICE JC; J PHARM SCI 65 (FEB): 226-30 (1976)


CONCN OF METHACYCLINE IN KIDNEYS, LIVER & LUNGS CORRESPONDED TO ITS LEVELS IN BLOOD OF DOGS FOLLOWING ENTERAL ADMIN & WERE 3 TIMES HIGHER THAN OXYTETRACYCLINE @ SAME DOSE.

BODUNKOVA LE ET AL; ANTIBIOTIKI (MOSCOW) 20 (11): 1014-18 (1975)


5.5 Biological Half-Life

14 hours


NORMAL HALF-LIFE: 15-17 HR. /FROM TABLE/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1108


5.6 Mechanism of Action

Methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is a protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. Methacycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 16S part of the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Tetracyclines also have been found to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. This mechanism does not add to their antibiotic effects, but has led to extensive research on chemically modified tetracyclines or CMTs (like incyclinide) for the treatmet of rosacea, acne, and various types of neoplasms.


TETRACYCLINES ACT TO INHIBIT PROTEIN SYNTH &...BIND SPECIFICALLY TO 30 S RIBOSOMES. THEY APPEAR TO PREVENT ACCESS OF AMINOACYL TRNA TO MRNA-RIBOSOME COMPLEX. ONLY SMALL PORTION OF DRUG IS IRREVERSIBLY BOUND, & INHIBITORY EFFECTS...CAN BE REVERSED BY WASHING. /TETRACYCLINES/

Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1118


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