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1. Perchloracap
1. 7778-74-7
2. Perchloracap
3. Perchloric Acid, Potassium Salt
4. Potassium;perchlorate
5. Perchloric Acid, Potassium Salt (1:1)
6. Mfcd00011362
7. Potassium Perchlorate [usp]
8. Astrumal
9. Peroidin
10. 42255p5x4d
11. Potassium Perchlorate (usp)
12. Potassium Hyperchloride
13. Potassium Perchlorate (kclo4)
14. Hsdb 1222
15. Potassium Chlorate(vii)
16. Einecs 231-912-9
17. Un1489
18. Spectrex Fire Extinguishant Formulation A
19. Ccris 9379
20. Unii-42255p5x4d
21. Perchloracap (tn)
22. Potassium Perchlorate Anh
23. Potassium Perchlorate Salt
24. Ec 231-912-9
25. Potassium Perchlorate, Solid
26. Dsstox_cid_27003
27. Dsstox_rid_82046
28. Dsstox_gsid_47003
29. Potassium Perchlorate, Solution
30. Potassium Perchlorate, Solution [un1489] [oxidizer]
31. Potassium Perchlorate, Anhydrous
32. Chembl1200696
33. Dtxsid3047003
34. Potassium Perchlorate [mi]
35. Nsc41873
36. Potassium Perchlorate [hsdb]
37. Tox21_302192
38. Nsc-41873
39. Potassium Perchlorate [vandf]
40. Potassium Perchlorate (reagent Grade)
41. Potassium Perchlorate [mart.]
42. Akos015902938
43. Akos025243411
44. Potassium Perchlorate [who-dd]
45. Db09418
46. On-1489
47. Ncgc00256200-01
48. Cas-7778-74-7
49. Potassium Perchlorate [orange Book]
50. Potassium Perchlorate [ep Monograph]
51. Potassium Perchlorate [usp Monograph]
52. D07232
53. Q422434
54. Potassium Perchlorate, Solid [un1489] [oxidizer]
| Molecular Weight | 138.55 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | ClKO4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 137.9122177 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 137.9122177 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 74.3 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 6 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 118 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 2 |
POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE, WHICH BLOCKS THYROID TRAPPING OF IODIDE, IS NO LONGER USED /AS ANTITHYROID DRUG/ SINCE IT CAUSES UNACCEPTABLY HIGH INCIDENCE OF APLASTIC ANEMIA & NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 2767
GRAVES' DISEASE TREATED FOR 22 YR WITHOUT ILL EFFECT, THYROTOXICOSIS RECURRED 4 WK AFTER MEDICATION WAS WITHDRAWN, SUGGESTING THAT EUTHYROIDISM HAD BEEN MAINTAINED BY CHRONIC USE. LONG-TERM, LOW DOSE PERCHLORATE MAY BE NO MORE HAZARDOUS THAN ALTERNATIVE ANTITHYROID THERAPY.
PMID:6272249 Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2426142 CONNELL JM; POSTGRAD MED J 57 (670): 516 (1981)
...NO SIDE EFFECTS REPORTED AFTER SINGLE-DOSE ADMIN...AS ADJUNCT TO SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TC 99M. IN HIGHER DOSES AS ANTITHYROID AGENT.../IT'S/ ASSOC WITH GASTRIC IRRITATION, NAUSEA, VOMITING, FEVER, SKIN RASHES, LYMPHADENOPATHY, NEPHROTIC SYNDROME & RARELY, LEUKOPENIA, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, PANCYTOPENIA, & FATAL APLASTIC ANEMIA.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 2767
No current FDA- or EMA-approved therapeutic indications.
Potassium perchlorate inhibits thyroid iodide transport. The clinical use of potassium perchlorate in hyperthyroidism, such as Graves' disease and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, have been investigated in various studies. Thyroid dysfunction occurs in about 15-20% of the patients receiving long-term amiodarone therapy. In patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, short-term administration of potassium perchlorate resulted in restoration of euthyroidism in most patients. Euthyroidism promoted by potassium perchlorate does not persist unless amiodarone treatment is withdrawn.
H - Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins
H03 - Thyroid therapy
H03B - Antithyroid preparations
H03BC - Perchlorates
H03BC01 - Potassium perchlorate
Absorption
Perchlorate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after ingestion. The time to reach peak plasma levels of perchlorate is approximately 3 hours following oral administration. As potassium perchlorate is an organic compound with complete ionization in water, dermal absorption through intact skin is unlikely.
Route of Elimination
Perchlorate is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine with the recovery rate of approximately 95% within 72 hours. It is reported that half of the total perchlorate ions administered orally are excreted during the first 5 hours post-dosing while the rest of the dose is excreted within 48 to 72 hours.
Volume of Distribution
No pharmacokinetic data on the volume of distribution. Perchlorate is likely to sequester into the thyroid gland, gastrointestinal tract, and possibly the skin.
Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data on clearance rate. Systemic clearance is biphasic with a slow terminal phase.
POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE IS ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT. PERCHLORATE IONS... /CONCENTRATE/ IN THYROID, CHOROID PLEXUS, SALIVARY GLANDS & GASTRIC MUCOSA. PEAK PLASMA LEVELS OF PERCHLORATE ARE REPORTED TO OCCUR ABOUT 3 HR AFTER ORAL ADMIN.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 2767
PERCHLORATE IONS ARE...EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN URINE.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 2767
Perchlorate ions are not reported to undergo metabolism.
PERCHLORATE IONS ARE NOT METABOLIZED...
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 2767
Perchlorate has a half-life in humans of approximately 6 to 8 hours.
PERCHLORATE IONS... ABOUT 1/2 OF ORAL DOSE ELIMINATED IN 5 HR & REMAINDER EXCRETED WITHIN 48-72 HR.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 2767
Thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) are major thyroid hormones, or iodothyronines, that are synthesized and released from the thyroid. Iodine plays an essential role in the synthesis of these hormones. Via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), which is a protein located on the basolateral membrane of the thyroid follicular cell, iodine is transported from the blood into the thyroid gland where it is oxidized to. Perchlorate (ClO4) is the dissociated anion of potassium perchlorate that exerts an inhibitory effect on iodide uptake by the thyroid gland in the cellular level. Due to its similarity in ionic size and charge to iodide, perchlorate inhibits the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) without being translocated into the thyroid follicular cell. The inhibition constant, Ki, is estimated as 0.4 mol to 24 mol. At therapeutic dosage levels this competitive inhibition decreases the entrance of iodide into the thyroid, resulting in less available iodide for hormone synthesis and, therefore, a decrease in T3 and T4 synthesis. When ambient iodine intake is low or iodide uptake is sufficiently inhibited, perchlorate is capable in inducing goiter and hypothyroidism from inhibited iodide uptake. At high doses of potassium perchlorate, reduced T3 and T4 levels may be accompanied by increased TSH levels via a negative feedback loop, affecting the thyroid, pituitary and hypothalamus.
POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE ADMIN ONCE A WK FOR 8 WK TO FRESHWATER CATFISH, HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS, SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THYROIDAL ACTIVITY & ELEVATED TSH LEVEL OF PITUITARY GLAND. GONADOTROPIC POTENCY OF PITUITARY GLAND, & OVARIAN ACTIVITY, WERE EFFECTIVELY LOWERED AFTER TREATMENT.
SINGH R ET AL; GEN COMP ENDOCRINOL 31(4) 451 (1977)
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