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Pectin
Also known as: Beta-d-galactopyranuronic acid, 18968-14-4, Beta-d-galacturonic acid, (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid, 55ng3o9ndd, Oligogalacturonide
Molecular Formula
C6H10O7
Molecular Weight
194.14  g/mol
InChI Key
AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-DTEWXJGMSA-N
FDA UNII
55NG3O9NDD

High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
1 2D Structure

Pectin

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)4(5(10)11)13-6(12)3(1)9/h1-4,6-9,12H,(H,10,11)/t1-,2+,3+,4-,6+/m0/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-DTEWXJGMSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1(C(C(OC(C1O)O)C(=O)O)O)O
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
[C@@H]1([C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)C(=O)O)O)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
55NG3O9NDD
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Calcium Pectinate

2. Methoxy Pectin

3. Methoxylpectin

4. Methoxypectin

5. Pectin, Methoxy

6. Pectinate, Calcium

7. Pectinate, Zinc

8. Pectinic Acid

9. Pectins

10. Zinc Pectinate

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Beta-d-galactopyranuronic Acid

2. 18968-14-4

3. Beta-d-galacturonic Acid

4. (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic Acid

5. 55ng3o9ndd

6. Oligogalacturonide

7. Unii-55ng3o9ndd

8. Schembl3407163

9. Chebi:47954

10. Galactopyranuronic Acid, Beta-d-

11. Zinc4097542

12. Db03652

13. .beta.-d-galactopyranuronic Acid

14. Galactopyranuronic Acid, .beta.-d-

15. C08348

16. Wurcs=2.0/1,1,0/[a2112a-1b_1-5]/1/

17. (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

18. (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-carboxylicacid

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-24
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 194.14 g/mol
Molecular Formula C6H10O7
XLogP3-2.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
Rotatable Bond Count1
Exact Mass194.04265265 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass194.04265265 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area127 Ų
Heavy Atom Count13
Formal Charge0
Complexity205
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count5
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Pectin is used in food as a gelling agent and stabilizer. As a medical drug, it has obtained a great interest in its potential use as a source of dietary fiber, lipid, cholesterol, serum glucose and insulin level lowering effect, gastric emptying delay. Some recent studies have researched the possibility of using pectin for the formation of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle of drugs.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Pectin increases viscosity and volume of stools which helps it to be used for constipation and diarrhea. It is reported as well to present lowering effects of different body components. This effect depends on the type of pectin which indicated that this effect is related to the composition of the correspondent pectin. Nonetheless, this data is still unclear and more studies need to be performed to conclude this effect of pectin.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Food Additives

Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS. (See all compounds classified as Food Additives.)


5.3 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents

A07B - Intestinal adsorbents

A07BC - Other intestinal adsorbents

A07BC01 - Pectin


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Pectin is not absorbed and it is not distributed in the body.


Route of Elimination

Pectin is completely excreted in the feces, including a small amount of trigalacturonic acid that can be found in the colon.


Volume of Distribution

Pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed as pectin is not absorbed.


Clearance

Pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed as pectin is not absorbed.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Pectin is depolymerized and de-esterified to a very small extent. It passes to the small intestine as a macromolecule and the majority of the pectin is eliminated unchanged.


5.6 Biological Half-Life

Pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed as pectin is not absorbed.


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Pectin is an adsorbent that binds to bacteria, toxins and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa. Pectin is able to decrease the pH in the intestinal lumen and provides a soothing effect on the irritated mucosa.


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