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Oxymetholone
Also known as: 434-07-1, Anapolon, Anasteron, Nastenon, Protanabol, Anadrol
Molecular Formula
C21H32O3
Molecular Weight
332.5  g/mol
InChI Key
ICMWWNHDUZJFDW-DHODBPELSA-N
FDA UNII
L76T0ZCA8K

A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
1 2D Structure

Oxymetholone

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(2Z,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylidene)-10,13,17-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C21H32O3/c1-19-11-13(12-22)18(23)10-14(19)4-5-15-16(19)6-8-20(2)17(15)7-9-21(20,3)24/h12,14-17,22,24H,4-11H2,1-3H3/b13-12-/t14-,15+,16-,17-,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
ICMWWNHDUZJFDW-DHODBPELSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC12CCC3C(C1CCC2(C)O)CCC4C3(CC(=CO)C(=O)C4)C
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@]2(C)O)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(C/C(=C/O)/C(=O)C4)C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
L76T0ZCA8K
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Anadrol

2. Anapolon 50

3. Hydroxymetholone

4. Oxymethalone

5. Oxymetholone, (17 Beta)-isomer

6. Oxymetholone, (5 Alpha,17 Alpha)-isomer

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 434-07-1

2. Anapolon

3. Anasteron

4. Nastenon

5. Protanabol

6. Anadrol

7. Anadrol-50

8. Oximetolona

9. Adroyd

10. Oxymethenolone

11. Adroidin

12. Plenastril

13. Synasteron

14. Roboral

15. Oximetholonum

16. Oxymetholonum

17. Anadroyd

18. Becorel

19. Dynasten

20. Methabol

21. Pardroyd

22. Pavisoid

23. Zenalosyn

24. Ci-406

25. Oxitosona-50

26. Oxymethalone

27. Oximetholone

28. Nsc-26,198

29. Oxymetholone Ciii

30. Anasterone

31. Hmd

32. 2-hydroxymethylene-17alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone

33. L76t0zca8k

34. 4,5alpha-dihydro-2-hydroxymethylene-17alpha-methyltestosterone

35. 17alpha-methyl-2-hydroxymethylene-17-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one

36. 2-hydroxymethylene-17alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one

37. 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-alpha-17-beta-androst-3-one

38. 17beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-one

39. 2-hydroxymethylene-17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one

40. Nsc-26198

41. Ncgc00091430-01

42. Oximetalonu

43. 17-beta-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-17-alpha-methyl-3-androstanone

44. Dsstox_gsid_23794

45. Anapolon 50

46. (2z,5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,17s)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylidene)-10,13,17-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

47. Ossimetolone [dcit]

48. Ossimetolone

49. 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-androstan-3-one

50. Oximetolona [inn-spanish]

51. Oxymetholonum [inn-latin]

52. (5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,17s,z)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-10,13,17-trimethyltetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3(2h)-one

53. Cas-434-07-1

54. Ccris 492

55. Dsstox_cid_3794

56. Hsdb 3374

57. Dsstox_rid_77193

58. Einecs 207-098-6

59. Ci 406

60. 17-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one

61. Unii-l76t0zca8k

62. Androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-, (5.alpha.,17.beta.)-

63. 2-hydroxymethylene-17-alpha-methyl-dihydrotestosterone

64. Anadrol-50 (tn)

65. Oxymetholone [usan:usp:inn:ban:jan]

66. 2-hydroxymethylene-17alpha-methylandrostan-17beta-ol-3-one

67. 4,5-dihydro-2-hydroxymethylene-17-alpha-methyltestosterone

68. 2-hydroxymethylene-17alpha-methyl-17beta-hydroxy-3-adrostanone

69. 2-hydroxymethylene-17-alpha-methyl-17-beta-hydroxy-3-androstanone

70. Oxymetholone [mi]

71. Oxymetholone [androgenic Steroids, Anabolic]

72. 17-alpha-methyl-2-hydroxymethylene-17-hydroxy-5-alpha-androstan-3-one

73. 2-hydroxymethylene-17-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-17-beta-ol-3-one

74. 5alpha-androstan-3-one, 17beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-

75. Oxymetholone [inn]

76. Oxymetholone [jan]

77. 17-beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-androstan-3-one

78. Androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-, (alpha,17beta)-

79. Oxymetholone [hsdb]

80. Oxymetholone [usan]

81. Androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-, (5alpha,17beta)-

82. Oxymetholone [vandf]

83. Oxymetholone [mart.]

84. Oxymetholone [who-dd]

85. Schembl145158

86. Schembl145160

87. Chebi:7864

88. Chembl1200585

89. Chembl1578149

90. Dtxsid5023794

91. Niosh/bv8059400

92. Oxymetholone (jp17/usp/inn)

93. Oxymetholone [orange Book]

94. Oxymetholone Ciii [usp-rs]

95. (1s,2s,4z,7s,10r,11s,14s,15s)-14-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethylidene)-2,14,15-trimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-one

96. Oxymetholone [usp Monograph]

97. Tox21_111131

98. Tox21_200071

99. Bdbm50248303

100. 5-alpha,17-beta-androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-

101. 5-alpha-androstan-3-one, 17-beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-

102. Akos027473312

103. Androstano(2,3-c)(1,2,5)oxadiazol-17-ol, 17-methyl-, (5-alpha,17-beta)-

104. Tox21_111131_1

105. Zinc118912450

106. Db06412

107. Androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-, (5-alpha,17-beta)-

108. Ncgc00091430-02

109. Ncgc00257625-01

110. Ncgc00263581-01

111. Ns-05498

112. Stanozolol Impurity B [ep Impurity]

113. Bv80594000

114. C07393

115. D00490

116. Ab01566927_01

117. Q420864

118. W-106231

119. 2-hydroxymethyleneandrostan-17-beta-ol-17-alpha-methyl-3-one

120. 17beta-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylidene-17alpha-methyl-3-androstanone

121. 17alpha-methyl-2-hydroxymethylene-17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one

122. 17beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylidene)-17-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-one

123. Androstan-3-one, 17-beta-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-alpha-methyl-

124. (2z,5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methylandrostan-3-one

125. (5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylidene)-17-methylandrostan-3-one

126. 17.beta.-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one

127. (1s,3as,3br,5as,8z,9as,9bs,11as)-1-hydroxy-8-(hydroxymethylidene)-1,9a,11a-trimethyl-hexadecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one

128. (5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,17s,z)-17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-10,13,17-trimethylhexadecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

129. 78964-17-7

130. Androstan-3-one, 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-, (2z,5.alpha.,17.beta.)-

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-24
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 332.5 g/mol
Molecular Formula C21H32O3
XLogP34.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass332.23514488 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass332.23514488 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area57.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count24
Formal Charge0
Complexity596
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count7
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameAnadrol-50
PubMed HealthOxymetholone (By mouth)
Drug ClassesEndocrine-Metabolic Agent, Hematopoietic
Drug LabelAnadrol-50 (oxymetholone) Tablets for oral administration each contain 50 mg of the steroid oxymetholone, a potent anabolic and androgenic drug.The chemical name for oxymetholone is 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-androstan-3-one. T...
Active IngredientOxymetholone
Dosage FormTablet
RouteOral
Strength50mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyMeda Pharms

2 of 2  
Drug NameAnadrol-50
PubMed HealthOxymetholone (By mouth)
Drug ClassesEndocrine-Metabolic Agent, Hematopoietic
Drug LabelAnadrol-50 (oxymetholone) Tablets for oral administration each contain 50 mg of the steroid oxymetholone, a potent anabolic and androgenic drug.The chemical name for oxymetholone is 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5-androstan-3-one. T...
Active IngredientOxymetholone
Dosage FormTablet
RouteOral
Strength50mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyMeda Pharms

4.2 Therapeutic Uses

Anabolic Steroids; Carcinogens

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


Oxymetholone is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid hormone having actions similar to those of the male hormone testosterone. It is used primarily in clinical therapy to maintain a positive nitrogen balance. It can be used to reverse excess excretion of calcium and nitrogen resulting from corticosteroid therapy, prolonged immobilization, and other diseases characterized by catabolism and tissue depletion. It is used to promote weight gain, to counteract weakness and emaciation resulting from debilitating diseases, and after serious infections, burns, trauma, or surgery. It is marketed as a human prescription drug for the treatment of anemias caused by deficient red cell production.

DHHS/NIEHS; Seventh Annual Rpt on Carcinogens Summary p. 313 (1994)


Anabolic steroids have been used for the treatment of symptoms associated with osteoporosis. However, this use has largely been discontinued because the questionable efficacy of these agents for this indication does not justify the risk of serious adverse effects. /Anabolic steroids/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 140


Oxymetholone is indicated in the treatment of bone marrow failure anemias and deficient red cell production anemias. Acquired and congenital aplastic anemias, myelofibrosis, and hypoplastic anemias due to myelotoxic medication often respond to oxymetholone. Oxymetholone should not replace other supportive measures such as transfusions; correction of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, or pyridoxine deficiency; antibacterial therapy; or the use of corticosteroids. /Included in US product labeling/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 140


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for OXYMETHOLONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Drug Warning

It has been proposed that prolonged use of such drugs /as oxymetholone/ may cause liver-cell damage or hyperplasia, thus predisposing to subsequent malignant transformation... On the other hand, underlying disease itself may have hepatic neoplasia as complication, which becomes apparent when survival is extended by drugs...

IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V13 137 (1977)


Use of anabolic steroids by athletes is not recommended. Objective evidence is conflicting and inconclusive as to whether these medications significantly increase athletic performance by increasing muscle strength. Weight gains reported by athletes are due in part to fluid retention, which is a potentially hazardous side effect of anabolic steroid therapy. The risk of other unwanted effects, such as testicular atrophy and suppression of spermatogenesis in males; menstrual disturbances and virilization, such as deepening of voice, development of acne, and unnatural growth of body hair in females; peliosis hepatis or other hepatotoxicity; and hepatic cancer outweigh and possible benefit received from anabolic steroids and make their use in athletes inappropriate. /Anabolic steroids/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 140


Leukemia has been observed in patients with aplastic anemia treated with oxymetholone, but the role of oxymetholone is unclear.

Novak, K.M. (ed.). Drug Facts and Comparisons 59th Edition 2005. Wolters Kluwer Health. St. Louis, Missouri 2005., p. 334


Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to anabolic steroids; male patients with prostate or breast carcinoma; carcinoma of the breast in females with hypercalcemia; nephrosis; the nephrotic phase of nephritis; pregnancy; to enhance physical appearance or athletic performance. /Anabolic steroids/

Novak, K.M. (ed.). Drug Facts and Comparisons 59th Edition 2005. Wolters Kluwer Health. St. Louis, Missouri 2005., p. 334


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for OXYMETHOLONE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.4 Drug Indication

Indicated in the treatment of anemias caused by deficient red cell production. Acquired aplastic anemia, congenital aplastic anemia, myelofibrosis and the hypoplastic anemias due to the administration of myelotoxic drugs often respond. Oxymetholone should not replace other supportive measures such as transfusion, correction of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 or pyridoxine deficiency, antibacterial therapy and the appropriate use of corticosteroids.


FDA Label


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anabolic Agents

These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power. (See all compounds classified as Anabolic Agents.)


Androgens

Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power. (See all compounds classified as Androgens.)


5.2 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A14 - Anabolic agents for systemic use

A14A - Anabolic steroids

A14AA - Androstan derivatives

A14AA05 - Oxymetholone


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

It is not known whether anabolic steroids are distributed into breast milk. /Anabolic steroids/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 141


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

One of the biotransformation routes of oxymetholone (17 beta-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylene-17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one) in man leads to the formation of 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (mestanolone). To demonstrate that this latter steroid may be formed by decarboxylation of an intermediate metabolite of oxymetholone bearing a 2-carboxylic group, we studied the urinary excretion of oxymetholone acidic metabolites. Five new acidic metabolites are reported here for the first time, among which four are unusual seco steroids resulting from the oxidative cleavage of the A-ring. The most abundant compound is 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-2,3-seco-5 alpha-androstane-2,3-dioic acid 1, the cumulative excretion of which accounted for 1.52% of the dose. Three other seco diacids were produced in smaller amounts, namely 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-2,3-seco-5 alpha-androstane-2,4- dicarboxylic acid 3, 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-1,3-seco-5 alpha-androstane-1,3-dioic acid 4 and 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-2,4-seco-5 alpha-androstane-2,4-dioic acid 5. The fifth acidic metabolite was identified as 3 alpha, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstane-2 beta-carboxylic acid 2. The excretion in urine of these acidic metabolites suggests that the 2-hydroxymethylene group in oxymetholone is readily oxidized to yield the corresponding beta-keto acid which can be (1) decarboxylated to form mestanolone; (2) reduced at C-3 to give compound 2; and (3) further oxidized to afford the unexpected seco diacids 1, 3, 4 and 5.

PMID:1567786 Bi H et al; J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 42 (2): 229-42 (1992)


About 5% of an oral dose 10 mg oxymetholone was recovered from urine as 2 unidentified metabolites...present in roughly equal proportions...

IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V13 134 (1977)


5.5 Mechanism of Action

Oxymethalone is a 17 alpha-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid and a synthetic derivative of testosterone, whose anabolic effects are used to treat muscle wasting in HIV patients. The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5-reductase. DHT binds to the same androgen receptor even more strongly than T, so that its androgenic potency is about 2.5 times that of T. The T-receptor or DHT-receptor complex undergoes a structural change that allows it to move into the cell nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects.


Reverses catabolic processes and negative nitrogen balance by promoting protein anabolism and stimulating appetite if there is concurrently a proper intake of calories and proteins. /Anabolic steroids/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 141


Antianemic: Anemias due to bone marrow failure: Increases production and urinary excretion of erythropoietin. Anemias due to deficient red cell production : Stimulates erythropoietin production and may have a direct action on bone marrow. Anemias associated with renal disease: increases hemoglobin and red blood cell volume. /Anabolic steroids/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 141


Angioedema (hereditary) prophylactic: Increases serum concentration of Cl esterase inhibitor and, as a result, C2 and C4 concentrations . /Anabolic steroids/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 141


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