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Nitisinone
Also known as: 104206-65-7, Orfadin, 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, Nitisone, Ntbc, 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione
Molecular Formula
C14H10F3NO5
Molecular Weight
329.23  g/mol
InChI Key
OUBCNLGXQFSTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
K5BN214699

Nitisinone is a synthetic reversible inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. It is used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. It is sold under the brand name Orfadin.
Nitisinone is a 4-Hydroxyphenyl-Pyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of nitisinone is as a Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2E1 Inducer, and Organic Anion Transporter 1 Inhibitor, and Organic Anion Transporter 3 Inhibitor.
1 2D Structure

Nitisinone

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C14H10F3NO5/c15-14(16,17)7-4-5-8(9(6-7)18(22)23)13(21)12-10(19)2-1-3-11(12)20/h4-6,12H,1-3H2
2.1.3 InChI Key
OUBCNLGXQFSTLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1CC(=O)C(C(=O)C1)C(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F)[N+](=O)[O-]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
K5BN214699
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione

2. 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione

3. Ntbc Cpd

4. Orfadin

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 104206-65-7

2. Orfadin

3. 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione

4. Nitisone

5. Ntbc

6. 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione

7. 2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione

8. 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione

9. Sc 0735

10. Sc-0735

11. 2-(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tuluoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione

12. 1,3-cyclohexanedione, 2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-

13. 2-{[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbonyl}cyclohexane-1,3-dione

14. Chembl1337

15. Chebi:50378

16. 1,3-cyclohexanedione, 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)-

17. Mfcd01752192

18. Sc0735

19. K5bn214699

20. Nitisinone [inn]

21. Nitisinone [usan:inn]

22. Nitisinona

23. Nitisinonum

24. Smr002529592

25. Orfadin (tn)

26. Nitisinone (jan/usan/inn)

27. Unii-k5bn214699

28. Nityr

29. Fe-0200

30. 2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione

31. Nitisinone [mi]

32. Nitisinone [jan]

33. Nitisinone [usan]

34. Nitisinone [vandf]

35. Nitisinone [mart.]

36. Nitisinone [who-dd]

37. Bidd:pxr0129

38. Mls004774025

39. Mls006011955

40. Nitisinone [ema Epar]

41. Schembl338795

42. Ambz0071

43. Gtpl6834

44. Dtxsid9042673

45. Nitisinone [orange Book]

46. Nitisinone, >=95% (hplc)

47. Schembl15996621

48. Hms3740a15

49. Hms3870k03

50. Bcp15276

51. Hy-b0607

52. Bdbm50088804

53. Nsc773149

54. Rb3134

55. S5325

56. Akos015891363

57. Akos015994590

58. Zinc100014475

59. Am62666

60. Ccg-222085

61. Db00348

62. Ex-6233

63. Nsc-773149

64. Sb19017

65. Ncgc00185778-01

66. Ncgc00185778-02

67. Ncgc00185778-04

68. Ncgc00185778-07

69. Ac-26934

70. Sy047291

71. Db-014936

72. Ft-0672739

73. D05177

74. A800922

75. Sr-01000940576

76. J-505680

77. Q3877355

78. Sr-01000940576-2

79. Ntbc; Nitisone; Sc0735; Sc 0735; Sc-0735

80. Z1514110653

81. 1,3-cyclohexanedione,2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-

82. 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione

83. 2-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione;nitisinone

84. 2-(.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tuluoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione

2.4 Create Date
2005-08-08
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 329.23 g/mol
Molecular Formula C14H10F3NO5
XLogP32.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count8
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass329.05110691 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass329.05110691 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area97 Ų
Heavy Atom Count23
Formal Charge0
Complexity524
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameOrfadin
PubMed HealthNitisinone (By mouth)
Drug ClassesGastrointestinal Agent
Drug LabelOrfadin contains nitisinone, which is a hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1). Nitisinone occurs as white to...
Active IngredientNitisinone
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength5mg; 2mg; 10mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanySwedish Orphan

2 of 2  
Drug NameOrfadin
PubMed HealthNitisinone (By mouth)
Drug ClassesGastrointestinal Agent
Drug LabelOrfadin contains nitisinone, which is a hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1). Nitisinone occurs as white to...
Active IngredientNitisinone
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength5mg; 2mg; 10mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanySwedish Orphan

4.2 Drug Indication

Used as an adjunct to dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.


FDA Label


Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT 1)

Orfadin is indicated for the treatment of adult and paediatric (in any age range) patients with confirmed diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT 1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine.

Alkaptonuria (AKU)

Orfadin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with alkaptonuria (AKU).


Treatment of adult and paediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine.


Treatment of adult and paediatric (in any age range) patients with confirmed diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT 1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine.


Treatment of tyrosinemia type 1


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 occurs due to a deficiency in fumarylacetoacetase (FAH), the final enzyme in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. Nitisinone inhibits catabolism of tyrosine by preventing the catabolic intermediates. In patients with HT-1, these catabolic intermediates are converted to the toxic metabolites succinylacetone and succinylacetoacetate, which are responsible for the observed liver and kidney toxicity. Succinylacetone can also inhibit the porphyrin synthesis pathway leading to the accumulation of 5-aminolevulinate, a neurotoxin responsible for the porphyric crises characteristic of HT-1.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Enzyme Inhibitors

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
NITISINONE
5.3.2 FDA UNII
K5BN214699
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitors [MoA]; Cytochrome P450 2E1 Inducers [MoA]; Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors [MoA]; Organic Anion Transporter 1 Inhibitors [MoA]; Organic Anion Transporter 3 Inhibitors [MoA]; 4-Hydroxyphenyl-Pyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

A16AX04


A16AX04


A16AX04


A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products

A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products

A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products

A16AX04 - Nitisinone


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

The capsule and liquid formulations are bioequivalent in both the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).


5.6 Biological Half-Life

~54 hours


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Nitisinone is a competitive inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme upstream of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolyase (FAH) in the tyrosine catabolic pathway. By inhibiting the normal catabolism of tyrosine in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1), nitisinone prevents the accumulation of the catabolic intermediates maleylacetoacetate and fumarylacetoacetate.


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