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Nitenpyram
Also known as: 150824-47-8, (e)-nitenpyram, 120738-89-8, Niterndipoine, Bestguard, Capstar
Molecular Formula
C11H15ClN4O2
Molecular Weight
270.71  g/mol
InChI Key
CFRPSFYHXJZSBI-DHZHZOJOSA-N
FDA UNII
3A837VZ81Y

nitenpyram is a natural product found in Streptomyces canus with data available.
1 2D Structure

Nitenpyram

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(E)-1-N'-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-N'-ethyl-1-N-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C11H15ClN4O2/c1-3-15(11(13-2)8-16(17)18)7-9-4-5-10(12)14-6-9/h4-6,8,13H,3,7H2,1-2H3/b11-8+
2.1.3 InChI Key
CFRPSFYHXJZSBI-DHZHZOJOSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CCN(CC1=CN=C(C=C1)Cl)C(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NC
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CCN(CC1=CN=C(C=C1)Cl)/C(=C/[N+](=O)[O-])/NC
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
3A837VZ81Y
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. (1e)-n-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine

2. (e)-n-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitrovinylidenediamine

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 150824-47-8

2. (e)-nitenpyram

3. 120738-89-8

4. Niterndipoine

5. Bestguard

6. Capstar

7. (e)-n-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

8. Nitenpyram [iso]

9. Ti 304

10. Chebi:39170

11. (1e)-n-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine

12. N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

13. (e)-n-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

14. (e)-1-n'-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-n'-ethyl-1-n-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

15. 3a837vz81y

16. Ncgc00166149-01

17. (e)-n-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitrovinylidenediamine

18. N-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

19. Dsstox_cid_21080

20. Dsstox_rid_79622

21. Dsstox_gsid_41080

22. (1e)-n-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine

23. 1,1-ethenediamine, N-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-, (1e)-

24. 1,1-ethenediamine, N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-, (1e)-

25. Cas-150824-47-8

26. Unii-3a837vz81y

27. N-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

28. Nitenpyram [mi]

29. Schembl25788

30. Schembl25789

31. Chembl259728

32. Nitenpyram [green Book]

33. Dtxsid8041080

34. Chebi:39171

35. Hsdb 8491

36. Hms3885b06

37. Hy-b0820

38. Zinc2381598

39. Tox21_112342

40. Bdbm50486236

41. Mfcd01631161

42. Ti-304

43. (e)-n-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-n-ethyl-n2-methyl-2-nitrovinylidenediamine

44. Akos015914907

45. Nitenpyram 100 Microg/ml In Methanol

46. Tox21_112342_1

47. Ccg-267169

48. Db11438

49. Ks-5369

50. (1e)-n-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-n-ethyl-n2-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine

51. (e)-n-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitroethylene-1,1-diamine

52. Nitenpyram 1000 Microg/ml In Methanol

53. Ncgc00166149-02

54. Nitenpyram 10 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

55. Cs-0012837

56. S4422

57. Nitenpyram, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard

58. A14229

59. C18511

60. 738n898

61. A804578

62. A809078

63. Q-201476

64. Q3817186

65. Q27119765

66. N-ethyl-n-[1-(methylamino)-2-nitroethenyl]-6-chloropyridine-3-methanamine

67. (e)-n-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine

68. (e)-n-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n-methyl-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine

69. [(e)-1-{[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](ethyl)amino}-2-nitroethenyl](methyl)amine

70. 1,1-ethenediamine, N-((6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl)-n-ethyl-n-methyl-2-nitro-

71. N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-n-ethyl-n'-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine

72. N1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-n1'-ethyl-n1'-methyl-2-nitro-ethene-1,1-diamine

73. (e)-n1'-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-n1'-ethyl-n1-methyl-2-nitro-ethene-1,1-diamine;nitenpyram

2.4 Create Date
2005-08-08
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 270.71 g/mol
Molecular Formula C11H15ClN4O2
XLogP32.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count5
Exact Mass270.0883534 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass270.0883534 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area74 Ų
Heavy Atom Count18
Formal Charge0
Complexity306
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

VET: Nitenpyram inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It is used to treat Ctenocephalides spp in dogs and cats ... . It is toxic to fleas for only 24-48 hr and is normally used in combination with an insect growth regulator to provide continuous flea control.

Kahn, C.M (ed.).; The Merck Veterinary Manual 10th Edition. Merck & Co. Whitehouse Station NJ. 2010, p. 2197


VET: Nitenpyram is indicated as a flea adulticide in dogs and cats that are, at a minimum, 2 pounds in weight and 4 weeks old. It does not repel fleas or ticks and does not reliably kill ticks, flea eggs, larvae or immature fleas. Nitenpyram may be effective for treating fly larvae (maggots) of various species. Fleas begin to fall from treated animals about 30 minutes after dosing and a single dose can protect animals for 1-2 days.

Plumb D.C. Veterinary Drug Handbook. 8th ed. (pocket). Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015., p. 1048


4.2 Drug Warning

VET: The following adverse events are based on post-approval adverse drug experience reporting. Not all adverse reactions are reported to FDA CVM. It is not always possible to reliably estimate the adverse event frequency or establish a causal relationship to product exposure using this data. The following adverse events are listed in decreasing order of reporting frequency. Cats: hyperactivity, panting, lethargy, itching, vocalization, vomiting, fever, decreased appetite, nervousness, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, salivation, incoordination, seizures, pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and trembling. Dogs: lethargy/depression, vomiting, itching, decreased appetite, diarrhea, hyperactivity, incoordination, trembling, seizures, panting, allergic reactions including hives, vocalization, salivation, fever, and nervousness. The frequency of serious signs, including neurologic signs and death, was greater in animals under 2 pounds of body weight, less than 8 weeks of age, and/or reported to be in poor body condition. In some instances, birth defects and fetal/neonatal loss were reported after treatment of pregnant and/or lactating animals.

NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Capstar-nitenpyram capsule (Updated: October 17, 2018). Available from, as of November 27, 2018: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=71454d3d-6bd3-49ef-89c2-bd930adcb421


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Insecticides

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)


5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Nitenpyram is rapidly and practically completely absorbed after oral administration. Peak levels occur approximately 80 minutes after dosing in dogs; approximately 40 minutes in cats. Elimination half-lives are: approximately 3 hours for dogs; 8 hours for cats. Nitenpyram is excreted primarily as conjugated metabolites in the urine and excretion is complete within 48 hours of dosing. In dogs, approximately 3% of a dose is excreted in feces; in cats approximately 5% is excreted in the feces.

Plumb D.C. Veterinary Drug Handbook. 8th ed. (pocket). Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015., p. 1048


Nitenpyram is administered PO in pill form to kill fleas in both dogs and cats. It is absorbed rapidly, with maximal blood concentrations reached within 1.2 hr and 0.6 hr in dogs and cats, respectively. ... The compound is rapidly eliminated, with >90% excreted in the urine within 24-48 hr, primarily as unchanged nitenpyram.

Kahn, C.M (ed.).; The Merck Veterinary Manual 10th Edition. Merck & Co. Whitehouse Station NJ. 2010, p. 2360


5.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

BACKGROUND: Nitenpyram is a member of the economically important neonicotinoid class of insecticides. The in vivo metabolism of nitenpyram is not well characterized, but cytochrome P450 activity is the major mechanism of resistance to neonicotinoids identified in insect pests, and P450s metabolize other neonicotinoids including imidacloprid. RESULTS: Here, we used the GAL4-UAS targeted expression system to direct RNA interference (RNAi) against the cytochrome P450 redox partners to interrupt P450 functions in specific tissues in Drosophila melanogaster. RNAi of the mitochondrial redox partner defective in the avoidance of repellents (dare) in the digestive tissues reduced nitenpyram mortality, suggesting an activation step in the metabolism of nitenpyram carried out by a mitochondrial P450. RNAi of the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 Cyp12a5, which is expressed in the digestive tissues, resulted in the same phenotype, and transgenic overexpression of Cyp12a5 increased nitenpyram sensitivity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in vivo metabolism of nitenpyram by the mitochondrial P450 CYP12A5 results in the formation of a product with higher toxicity than the parent compound.

PMID:29316188 Harrop TW et al; Pest Manag Sci 74 (7): 1616-1622 (2018)


5.4 Biological Half-Life

Elimination half-lives /after oral dosing/ are: approximately 3 hours for dogs; 8 hours for cats.

Plumb D.C. Veterinary Drug Handbook. 8th ed. (pocket). Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015., p. 1048


5.5 Mechanism of Action

Nitenpyram is in the class of neonicotinoid insecticides. It enters the systemic circulation of the adult flea after consuming blood from a treated animal. It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic membranes and blocks acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission causing paralysis and death of the flea. Nitenpyram is 3500x more selective for insect alpha-4beta-2 nicotinic receptors than in vertebrate receptors. It does not inhibit acetylcholinesterase.

Plumb D.C. Veterinary Drug Handbook. 8th ed. (pocket). Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015., p. 1048


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