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Enrofloxacin
Also known as: 93106-60-6, Baytril, Enrofloxacine, Cfpq, Bay vp 2674, Enrofloxacino
Molecular Formula
C19H22FN3O3
Molecular Weight
359.4  g/mol
InChI Key
SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
3DX3XEK1BN

A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.
1 2D Structure

Enrofloxacin

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C19H22FN3O3/c1-2-21-5-7-22(8-6-21)17-10-16-13(9-15(17)20)18(24)14(19(25)26)11-23(16)12-3-4-12/h9-12H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,25,26)
2.1.3 InChI Key
SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CCN1CCN(CC1)C2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N(C=C(C3=O)C(=O)O)C4CC4)F
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
3DX3XEK1BN
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Bay Vp 2674

2. Bay-vp-2674

3. Baytril

4. Endrofloxicin

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 93106-60-6

2. Baytril

3. Enrofloxacine

4. Cfpq

5. Bay Vp 2674

6. Enrofloxacino

7. Enrofloxacinum

8. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

9. Enroxil

10. Baytril (tn)

11. N-ethylciprofloxacin

12. Erfx

13. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid

14. 3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-

15. Mfcd00792463

16. 3dx3xek1bn

17. Nsc-758616

18. Enrofloxacin For Veterinary Use

19. Mls000069441

20. Chebi:35720

21. Bay Vp 2674;pd160788

22. Endrofloxicin

23. Ncgc00018143-04

24. Cpd000059011

25. Pd160788

26. Smr000059011

27. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

28. Dsstox_cid_25619

29. Dsstox_rid_81007

30. Dsstox_gsid_45619

31. Enrofloxacine [french]

32. Enrofloxacinum [latin]

33. Enrofloxacino [spanish]

34. Bay-vp-2674

35. Cas-93106-60-6

36. Enrofloxacin [usan:ban:inn]

37. Hsdb 6952

38. Unii-3dx3xek1bn

39. Brn 5307824

40. Ccris 8214

41. Enrofloxacin [usan:usp:inn:ban]

42. Enrofloxacin-[d5]

43. Opera_id_1106

44. Enrofloxacin (usp/inn)

45. Enrofloxacin [mi]

46. Enrofloxacin (usan/inn)

47. Enrofloxacin [inn]

48. Enrofloxacin [hsdb]

49. Enrofloxacin [usan]

50. 1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid

51. Bay-vp2674

52. Enrofloxacin [mart.]

53. Mls001076496

54. Mls001424169

55. Chembl15511

56. Enrofloxacin [usp-rs]

57. Schembl149150

58. Spectrum1503721

59. Dtxsid1045619

60. Enrofloxacin [green Book]

61. Hms2052o09

62. Hms2090e12

63. Hms2093i21

64. Hms2234m11

65. Hms3373p14

66. Hms3394o09

67. Hms3715b18

68. Pharmakon1600-01503721

69. Zinc597112

70. Enrofloxacin [usp Impurity]

71. Albb-030792

72. Bcp15457

73. Hy-b0502

74. Enrofloxacin [usp Monograph]

75. Enrofloxacin, >=98.0% (hplc)

76. Tox21_110831

77. Bbl009982

78. Dl-384

79. Nsc758616

80. S3059

81. Stk711109

82. Akos005530685

83. Bay-vp2674;pd160788

84. Tox21_110831_1

85. Ac-7614

86. Ccg-101102

87. Db11404

88. Ks-5010

89. Nc00352

90. Nsc 758616

91. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

92. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxohydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

93. Enrofloxacin 100 Microg/ml In Methanol

94. Ncgc00018143-01

95. Ncgc00018143-02

96. Ncgc00018143-03

97. Ncgc00018143-05

98. Ncgc00021632-03

99. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

100. 3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid, 1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-

101. Enrofloxacin 1000 Microg/ml In Methanol

102. Sbi-0206725.p001

103. Db-057368

104. B1742

105. E0786

106. Ft-0625663

107. Ft-0667862

108. D02473

109. Ab00384269-16

110. Ab00384269_17

111. Ab00384269_18

112. Enrofloxacin, Vetranal(tm), Analytical Standard

113. 106e606

114. A844445

115. Q414413

116. Sr-01000000045

117. Sr-01000000045-3

118. Brd-k76534306-001-11-0

119. Enrofloxacin For Veterinary Use [ep Impurity]

120. Enrofloxacin For Veterinary Use [ep Monograph]

121. Enrofloxacin, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

122. Enrofloxacin, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

123. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid

124. Enrofloxacin For System Suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

125. Enrofloxacin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

126. 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline-carboxylic Acid

127. 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid

128. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3- Quinolonecarboxylic Acid

129. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid, 9ci

130. 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoranyl-4-oxidanylidene-quinoline-3-carboxylic Acid

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-29
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 359.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula C19H22FN3O3
XLogP3-0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
Rotatable Bond Count4
Exact Mass359.16451973 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass359.16451973 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area64.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count26
Formal Charge0
Complexity613
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
4.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Bacterial Agents.)


4.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were determined after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) to 5 healthy adult Angora goats. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics were best described by a 2-compartment open model. The elimination half-life and volume of distribution after IV and IM administrations were similar (t1/2beta, 4.0 to 4.7 hr and Vd(ss),1.2 to 1.5 L/kg, respectively). Enrofloxacin was rapidly (t1/2a, 0.25 hr) and almost completely absorbed (F, 90%) after IM administration. Mean plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin at 24 hr after IV and IM administration (0.07 and 0.09 microg/mL, respectively) were higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for most pathogens. In conclusion, once-daily IV and IM administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg BW) in Angora goats may be useful in treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens.

PMID:11227198 Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189645 Elmas M et al; Can J Vet Res 65 (1): 64-7 (2001)


Plasma, urine, and skin drug concentrations were determined for dogs (n=12) given five daily oral doses of marbofloxacin (MAR) (2.75 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (ENR) (5.0 mg/kg) or difloxacin (DIF) (5.0 mg/kg). Concentrations of the active metabolite of ENR, ciprofloxacin (CIP), were also determined. The three-period, three-treatment crossover experimental design included a 21-day washout period between treatments. Area under the plasma drug concentration vs. time curve (AUC0-last, microg/mlxhr of MAR was greater than for ENR, CIP, ENR/CIP combined, and DIF. Maximum concentration (Cmax) of MAR was greater than ENR, CIP, and DIF. Time of maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was similar for MAR and DIF; Tmax occurred earlier for ENR and later for CIP. Plasma half-life (t1/2) of MAR was longer than for ENR, CIP, and DIF. Urine concentrations of DIF were less than MAR or ENR/CIP combined, but urine concentrations of MAR and ENR/CIP combined did not differ. DIF skin concentrations were less than the concentrations of MAR or ENR/CIP combined 2 h after dosing, but skin concentrations of MAR and ENR/CIP combined did not differ.

PMID:11107003 Frazier DL et al; J Vet Pharmacol Ther 23 (5): 293-302 (2000)


Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin were studied in 6 mares after intravenous (IV) and intragastric (IG) administration at a single dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. In experiment 1, an injectable formulation of enrofloxacin (100 mg/ml) was given IV. At 5 min after injection, mean serum concentration was 9.04 microg/mL and decreased to 0.09 microg/mL by 24 hr. Elimination half-life was 5.33 +/- 1.05 hr and the area under the serum concentration vs time curve (AUC) was 21.03 +/- 5.19 mg x hr/L. In experiment 2, the same injectable formulation was given IG. The mean peak serum concentration was 0.94 +/- 0.97 microg/ml at 4 hr after administration and declined to 0.29 +/- 0.12 microg/ml by 24 hr. Absorption of this enrofloxacin preparation after IG administration was highly variable, and for this reason, pharmacokinetic values for each mare could not be determined. In experiment 3, a poultry formulation (32.3 mg/ml) was given IG. The mean peak serum concentration was 1.85 +/- 1.47 microg/ml at 45 min after administration and declined to 0.19 +/- 0.06 microg/mL by 24 h. Elimination half-life was 10.62 +/- 5.33 h and AUC was 16.30 +/- 4.69 mg x h/L. Bioavailability was calculated at 78.29 +/- 16.55%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin were determined for equine bacterial culture specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory over an 11-month period. The minimum inhibitory concentration of enrofloxacin required to inhibit 90% of isolates (MIC90) was 0.25 microg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pasteurella spp. The poultry formulation was well tolerated and could be potentially useful in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in adult horses. The injectable enrofloxacin solution should not be used orally.

PMID:10935883 Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1189609 Haines GR et al; Can J Vet Res 64 (3): 171-7 (2000)


Concentrations of enrofloxacin equivalent activity were determined by microbiological assay in the plasma of healthy and E. coli-infected broilers following single intravenous and oral administrations at 10 mg/kg. Tissue distribution and residue-depletion following multiple oral doses (10 mg/kg for 3 successive days) were investigated. Pharmacokinetic variables were determined using compartmental and non-compartmental analytical methods. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations after intravenous dosing to healthy and infected birds were best described by a two-compartments model. Enrofloxacin concentrations in plasma of infected birds were lower than those of healthy ones. The disposition kinetics of intravenously administered drug in healthy and infected birds were somewhat different. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 4.75 vs. 3.63 hr; mean residence time (MRT) was 6.72 vs 4.90 hr; apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) was 1.11 vs 1.57 l/kg; rate constant for transfer from peripheral to central compartment (k21) was 1.15 vs 1.41 hr-1 and total body clearance (ClB) was 0.35 vs 0.53 l/hr/kg in healthy and infected birds, respectively. After oral administration, the absorption half-life (t1/2abs) in the infected birds was significantly longer than in healthy birds, while elimination half-life (t1/2el) and MRT were significantly shorter. Bioavailability was higher in infected birds (72.50%) as compared to healthy ones (69.78%). Enrofloxacin was detected in the tissues of healthy and infected birds after daily oral dosing of 10 mg/kg for 3 days. It was more concentrated in liver, kidney, and breast muscle. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin against E. coli was 0.064 microgram/ml. On the basis of maintaining enrofloxacin plasma concentrations over the MIC, a dose of 10 mg/kg given intravenously every 20.14 hr or orally every 20.86 hr should provide tissue concentrations effective against E. coli infection in chickens.

PMID:10689795 Soliman GA; Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 107 (1): 23-7 (2000)


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for ENROFLOXACIN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats after a single intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined simultaneously by a HPLC method. The peak concentrations (Cmax) of enrofloxacin (1.13 microg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.24 microg/ml) were observed at 0.8 and 1.2 hr, respectively. The elimination half-life (t1/2beta), volume of distribution (Vd(area)), total body clearance (Cl(B)) and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 0.74 hr, 1.42 l/kg, 1329 ml/hr per kg and 1.54 hr, respectively. The t1/2beta, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.38 h, 0.74 microg h/ml and 2.73 h, respectively. The metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was appreciable (36%) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was maintained at or above 0.1 microg/ml for up to 4 hr. Enrofloxacin appears to be useful for the treatment of goat diseases associated with pathogens sensitive to this drug.

PMID:11334149 Rao GS et al; Vet Res Commun 25 (3): 197-204 (2001)


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