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Chemistry

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Also known as: Temgesic, Probuphine, Buprenex, 52485-79-7, Buprenophine, Buprenorfina
Molecular Formula
C29H41NO4
Molecular Weight
467.6  g/mol
InChI Key
RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N
FDA UNII
40D3SCR4GZ

Buprenorphine
A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.
Buprenorphine is a Partial Opioid Agonist. The mechanism of action of buprenorphine is as a Partial Opioid Agonist.
1 2D Structure

Buprenorphine

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(1S,2S,6R,14R,15R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C29H41NO4/c1-25(2,3)26(4,32)20-15-27-10-11-29(20,33-5)24-28(27)12-13-30(16-17-6-7-17)21(27)14-18-8-9-19(31)23(34-24)22(18)28/h8-9,17,20-21,24,31-32H,6-7,10-16H2,1-5H3/t20-,21-,24-,26+,27-,28+,29-/m1/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC(C)(C)C(C)(C1CC23CCC1(C4C25CCN(C3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)O
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
C[C@]([C@H]1C[C@@]23CC[C@@]1([C@H]4[C@@]25CCN([C@@H]3CC6=C5C(=C(C=C6)O)O4)CC7CC7)OC)(C(C)(C)C)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
40D3SCR4GZ
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 6029 M

2. 6029-m

3. 6029m

4. Buprenex

5. Buprenorphine Hydrochloride

6. Buprex

7. Hydrochloride, Buprenorphine

8. Prefin

9. Rx 6029 M

10. Rx-6029-m

11. Rx6029m

12. Subutex

13. Temgsic

14. Temgesic

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Temgesic

2. Probuphine

3. Buprenex

4. 52485-79-7

5. Buprenophine

6. Buprenorfina

7. Buprenorphinum

8. Butrans

9. Buprenorfina [inn-spanish]

10. Buprenorphinum [inn-latin]

11. (-)-buprenorphine

12. Buprenorphin

13. Sublocade

14. Chebi:3216

15. Dea No. 9064

16. 40d3scr4gz

17. Cam2038

18. 21-cyclopropyl-7alpha-[(s)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine

19. Rx 6029m

20. Brixadi

21. 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-7alpha-((s)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3-ol

22. 2-(n-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-6alpha-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol

23. Probuphenine

24. Temgesic (tn)

25. (1s,2s,6r,14r,15r,16r)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol

26. 2-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-11-hydroxy-15-methoxy-(14r)-13-oxa-3-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.06,14.07,12]icosa-7,9,11-trien-16-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol

27. 6029-m

28. Buprenorphine (jan/inn)

29. Chembl560511

30. Unii-40d3scr4gz

31. Buvidal

32. Buprenorphine [inn:ban:jan]

33. Alks-5461 Component Buprenorphine

34. Einecs 257-950-6

35. Bema

36. [5alpha,7alpha(s)]-

37. Buprenorphine [mi]

38. Buprenorphine [inn]

39. Buprenorphine [jan]

40. Schembl15821

41. Buprenorphine [vandf]

42. (5alpha,6beta,14beta,18r)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-18-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-6-methoxy-18,19-dihydro-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethenomorphinan-3-ol

43. 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-7alpha-((s)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3-ol

44. 2-(n-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-7alpha-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol

45. 21-(cyclopropyl-7alpha-((s)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine

46. Buprenorphine [mart.]

47. Buprenorphine [who-dd]

48. Gtpl1670

49. Buprenorphine [ema Epar]

50. Dtxsid2022705

51. Buprenorphine [ep Impurity]

52. Buprenorphine [orange Book]

53. Sixmo (buprenorphine Hydrochloride)

54. Rbp-6000

55. Zinc1319780

56. Buprenorphine [ep Monograph]

57. Bdbm50026603

58. Db00921

59. [5alpha,7alpha(s)]-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol

60. 21-cyclopropyl-7alpha-(2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-6,14-endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine

61. 6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-.alpha.-methyl-, (.alpha.s,5.alpha.,7.alpha.)-

62. C08007

63. D07132

64. Q407721

65. (1s,2r,6s,14r,15r,16r)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-3-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.1^{2,8}.0^{1,6}.0^{6,14}.0^{7,12}]icosa-7(12),8,10-trien-11-ol

66. (1s,2r,6s,14r,15r,16r)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-3-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.1^{2,8}.0^{1,6}.0^{6,14}.0^{7,12}]icosa-7,9,11-trien-11-ol

67. (2s)-2-[(5r,6r,7r,14s)-9alpha-cyclopropylmethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-epoxy-6,14-ethanomorphinan-7-yl]-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol

68. 6,14-ethenomorphinan-3-ol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-7-[(1s)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6-methoxy-, (5alpha,7alpha)-

69. 6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-,

70. 6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-, (5-alpha,7-alpha-(s))-

71. 6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-methyl-, (alphas,5alpha,7alpha)- (9ci)

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-01
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 467.6 g/mol
Molecular Formula C29H41NO4
XLogP35
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count5
Exact Mass467.30355879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass467.30355879 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area62.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count34
Formal Charge0
Complexity869
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count7
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 4  
Drug NameBuprenex
PubMed HealthBuprenorphine (Injection)
Drug ClassesAnalgesic, Anesthetic Adjunct
Drug LabelBuprenex (buprenorphine hydrochloride) is a narcotic under the Controlled Substances Act due to its chemical derivation from thebaine. Chemically, it is 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)--(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4, 5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy--met...
Active IngredientBuprenorphine hydrochloride
Dosage FormInjectable
RouteInjection
Strengtheq 0.3mg base/ml; 0.3mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyReckitt Benckiser; Norwich-eaton Pharma

2 of 4  
Drug NameButrans
PubMed HealthBuprenorphine (Absorbed through the skin)
Drug ClassesAnalgesic
Drug LabelButrans is a transdermal system providing systemic delivery of buprenorphine, a mu opioid partial agonist analgesic, continuously for 7 days. The chemical name of buprenorphine is 6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)- -(1,1-dimet...
Active IngredientBuprenorphine
Dosage FormFilm, extended release
RouteTransdermal
Strength10mcg/hr; 20mcg/hr; 15mcg/hr; 5mcg/hr; 7.5mcg/hr
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyPurdue Pharma

3 of 4  
Drug NameBuprenex
PubMed HealthBuprenorphine (Injection)
Drug ClassesAnalgesic, Anesthetic Adjunct
Drug LabelBuprenex (buprenorphine hydrochloride) is a narcotic under the Controlled Substances Act due to its chemical derivation from thebaine. Chemically, it is 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)--(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4, 5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy--met...
Active IngredientBuprenorphine hydrochloride
Dosage FormInjectable
RouteInjection
Strengtheq 0.3mg base/ml; 0.3mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyReckitt Benckiser; Norwich-eaton Pharma

4 of 4  
Drug NameButrans
PubMed HealthBuprenorphine (Absorbed through the skin)
Drug ClassesAnalgesic
Drug LabelButrans is a transdermal system providing systemic delivery of buprenorphine, a mu opioid partial agonist analgesic, continuously for 7 days. The chemical name of buprenorphine is 6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)- -(1,1-dimet...
Active IngredientBuprenorphine
Dosage FormFilm, extended release
RouteTransdermal
Strength10mcg/hr; 20mcg/hr; 15mcg/hr; 5mcg/hr; 7.5mcg/hr
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyPurdue Pharma

4.2 Drug Indication

Buprenorphine is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. Buprenorphine is also used in combination with [naloxone] in a fixed-dose combination product for the treatment of moderate to severe opioid use disorder.


FDA Label


Treatment of opioid dependence within a framework of medical, social and psychological treatment. Treatment is intended for use in adults and adolescents aged 16 years or over.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Buprenorphine interacts predominately with the opioid mu-receptor. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. In clinical settings, buprenorphine exerts its principal pharmacologic effects on the central nervous system. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood, euphoria and dysphoria, and drowsiness commonly occur. Buprenorphine depresses the respiratory centers, depresses the cough reflex, and constricts the pupils. **Dependence** Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and chronic administration produces physical dependence of the opioid type, characterized by withdrawal signs and symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation or rapid taper. The withdrawal syndrome is typically milder than seen with full agonists and may be delayed in onset. Buprenorphine can be abused in a manner similar to other opioids. This should be considered when prescribing or dispensing buprenorphine in situations when the clinician is concerned about an increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion. **Withdrawal** Abrupt discontinuation of treatment is not recommended as it may result in an opioid withdrawal syndrome that may be delayed in onset. Signs and symptoms may include body aches, diarrhea, gooseflesh, loss of appetite, nausea, nervousness or restlessness, anxiety, runny nose, sneezing, tremors or shivering, stomach cramps, tachycardia, trouble with sleeping, unusual increase in sweating, palpitations, unexplained fever, weakness and yawning. **Risk of Respiratory and Central Nervous System (CNS) Depression and Overdose** Buprenorphine has been associated with life-threatening respiratory depression and death. Many, but not all, post-marketing reports regarding coma and death involved misuse by self-injection or were associated with the concomitant use of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressant, including alcohol. Use buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual tablets with caution in patients with compromised respiratory function (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cor pulmonale, decreased respiratory reserve, hypoxia, hypercapnia, or pre-existing respiratory depression). **Risk of Overdose in Opioid Nave Patients** There have been reported deaths of opioid-nave individuals who received a 2 mg dose of buprenorphine as a sublingual tablet for analgesia. Buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual tablets are not appropriate as an analgesic in opioid-nave patients. **Precipitation of Opioid Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms** If buprenorphine is started in opioid-dependent individuals, it will displace the other opioids and cause a phenomenon known as "precipitated withdrawal" which is characterized by a rapid and intense onset of withdrawal symptoms. Individuals must therefore be in a state of mild to moderate withdrawal before starting therapy with buprenorphine. Because it contains naloxone, buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual tablets are also highly likely to produce marked and intense withdrawal signs and symptoms if misused parenterally by individuals dependent on full opioid agonists such as heroin, morphine, or methadone. **Gastrointestinal Effects** Buprenorphine and other morphine-like opioids have been shown to decrease bowel motility and cause constipation. Buprenorphine may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal conditions and should be administered with caution to patients with dysfunction of the biliary tract. **Effects on the Endocrine System** Opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and luteinizing hormone (LH) in humans. They also stimulate prolactin, growth hormone (GH) secretion, and pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon. Chronic use of opioids may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to androgen deficiency that may manifest as low libido, impotence, erectile dysfunction, amenorrhea, or infertility. The causal role of opioids in the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism is unknown because the various medical, physical, lifestyle, and psychological stressors that may influence gonadal hormone levels have not been adequately controlled for in studies conducted to date. Patients presenting with symptoms of androgen deficiency should undergo laboratory evaluation. **Adrenal Insufficiency** Cases of adrenal insufficiency have been reported with opioid use, more often following greater than one month of use. Presentation of adrenal insufficiency may include non-specific symptoms and signs including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and low blood pressure. If adrenal insufficiency is suspected, confirm the diagnosis with diagnostic testing as soon as possible. If adrenal insufficiency is diagnosed, treat with physiologic replacement doses of corticosteroids. Wean the patient off of the opioid to allow adrenal function to recover and continue corticosteroid treatment until adrenal function recovers. Other opioids may be tried as some cases reported use of a different opioid without recurrence of adrenal insufficiency. The information available does not identify any particular opioids as being more likely to be associated with adrenal insufficiency. **Use in Patients With Impaired Hepatic Function** Buprenorphine/naloxone products are not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment and may not be appropriate for patients with moderate hepatic impairment. The doses of buprenorphine and naloxone in this fixed-dose combination product cannot be individually titrated, and hepatic impairment results in a reduced clearance of naloxone to a much greater extent than buprenorphine. Therefore, patients with severe hepatic impairment will be exposed to substantially higher levels of naloxone than patients with normal hepatic function. This may result in an increased risk of precipitated withdrawal at the beginning of treatment (induction) and may interfere with buprenorphines efficacy throughout treatment. In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, the differential reduction of naloxone clearance compared to buprenorphine clearance is not as great as in subjects with severe hepatic impairment. However, buprenorphine/naloxone products are not recommended for initiation of (treatment induction) in patients with moderate hepatic impairment due to the increased risk of precipitated withdrawal. Buprenorphine/naloxone products may be used with caution for maintenance treatment in patients with moderate hepatic impairment who have initiated treatment on a buprenorphine product without naloxone. However, patients should be carefully monitored and consideration given to the possibility of naloxone interfering with buprenorphines efficacy. **Risk of Hepatitis, Hepatic Events** Cases of cytolytic hepatitis and hepatitis with jaundice have been observed in individuals receiving buprenorphine in clinical trials and through post-marketing adverse event reports. The spectrum of abnormalities ranges from transient asymptomatic elevations in hepatic transaminases to case reports of death, hepatic failure, hepatic necrosis, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy. In many cases, the presence of pre-existing liver enzyme abnormalities, infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus, concomitant usage of other potentially hepatotoxic drugs, and ongoing injecting drug use may have played a causative or contributory role. In other cases, insufficient data were available to determine the etiology of the abnormality. Withdrawal of buprenorphine has resulted in amelioration of acute hepatitis in some cases; however, in other cases no dose reduction was necessary. The possibility exists that buprenorphine had a causative or contributory role in the development of the hepatic abnormality in some cases. Liver function tests, prior to initiation of treatment is recommended to establish a baseline. Periodic monitoring of liver function during treatment is also recommended. A biological and etiological evaluation is recommended when a hepatic event is suspe