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Chemistry

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Also known as: 93-14-1, Guaiphenesin, Guaiacol glyceryl ether, Glycerol guaiacolate, Glyceryl guaiacolate, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
Molecular Formula
C10H14O4
Molecular Weight
198.22  g/mol
InChI Key
HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
495W7451VQ

Guaifenesin
An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.
Guaifenesin is an Expectorant. The physiologic effect of guaifenesin is by means of Decreased Respiratory Secretion Viscosity, and Increased Respiratory Secretions.
1 2D Structure

Guaifenesin

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C10H14O4/c1-13-9-4-2-3-5-10(9)14-7-8(12)6-11/h2-5,8,11-12H,6-7H2,1H3
2.1.3 InChI Key
HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
COC1=CC=CC=C1OCC(CO)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
495W7451VQ
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Breonesin

2. Ether, Guaiacol Glyceryl

3. Glycerol Guaiacolate

4. Glyceryl Ether, Guaiacol

5. Guaiacol Glyceryl Ether

6. Guaiacolate, Glycerol

7. Guaiphenesin

8. Guaiphenezine

9. Guiatuss

10. Humibid

11. Hytuss

12. My 301

13. My-301

14. My301

15. Scott Tussin

16. Scott-tussin

17. Scotttussin

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 93-14-1

2. Guaiphenesin

3. Guaiacol Glyceryl Ether

4. Glycerol Guaiacolate

5. Glyceryl Guaiacolate

6. 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol

7. Guaiphenesine

8. Methphenoxydiol

9. Aeronesin

10. Breonesin

11. Robitussin

12. Bronchol

13. Mucinex

14. Aresol

15. Propanosedyl

16. Calmipan

17. Cortussin

18. Dorassin

19. Flartussin

20. Guaiacuran

21. Guaiacurane

22. Guaiamar

23. Guaianesin

24. Guaiphesin

25. Hustosil

26. Myocaine

27. Myoscain

28. Creson

29. Gaiamar

30. Hytuss

31. Myocain

32. Reduton

33. Dilyn

34. Resyl

35. Glycerin Guaiacolate

36. Glyceryl Guaiacol

37. Methoxypropanediol

38. Metossipropandiolo

39. Metfenossidiolo

40. Amonidrin

41. Glycotuss

42. Guajacuran

43. Guajamar

44. Guayanesin

45. Guiaphenesin

46. Hustodil

47. Mintosyl

48. Miocaina

49. Miocurin

50. Miorelax

51. Mucostop

52. Muskurelax

53. Myorelax

54. Myoscaine

55. Neuroton

56. Neurotone

57. Reorganin

58. Respenyl

59. Ritussin

60. Tenntuss

61. Glyceryl Guaicolate

62. Glyceryl Guiacolate

63. Guanar

64. Oresol

65. Oreson

66. Respil

67. Sirotol

68. Gvaja

69. Resil

70. Tolyn

71. Tulyl

72. Tulyn

73. 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol

74. Guaiacol Glycerol Ether

75. Guaiacolglicerinetere

76. Guaia-rom

77. Relaxil G

78. Relaxyl-g

79. Guaicol Glyceryl Ether

80. Gnaifenesin

81. Guaifenesine

82. Glyceryl Guaiacyl Ether

83. Guaiacyl Glyceryl Ether

84. Guaicol Glycerine Ether

85. 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol

86. Organidin Nr

87. O-methoxyphenyl Glyceryl Ether

88. Glycero-guaiacol Ether

89. Guaiacol Glycerin Ether

90. Guaifenesinum

91. Amonidren

92. Pneumomist

93. 1,2-propanediol, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-

94. Trecid

95. Glycerylguaiacol

96. Glycerin Monoguaiacol Ether

97. Guajacol-glycerinaether

98. Glyceryl Guaiacol Ether

99. 3-o-methoxyphenoxypropane 1:2-diol

100. Glyceryl Guaiacolate Ether

101. Glycerol Mono(2-methoxyphenyl) Ether

102. Actifed C

103. Guaiacolic Acid, Ester With Glycerol

104. My 301

105. Sl-90

106. Xl-90

107. Alpha-glyceryl Guaiacol Ether

108. 1,2-dihydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane

109. Guaifensin

110. Alpha-glyceryl Guaiacolate Ether

111. Rac Guaifenesin

112. G 87

113. 1,2-propanediol, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-

114. Glycerol-alpha-guajakolether

115. Component Of Quibron

116. 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-propanediol-1,2

117. Component Of Hycotuss

118. Glycerol .alpha.-guiacyl Ether

119. .alpha.-glyceryl Guaiacol Ether

120. Glycerol .alpha.-guaiacyl Ether

121. Guajacol-.alpha.-glycerin-ether

122. Component Of Brondecon

123. .alpha.-glyceryl Guaiacolate Ether

124. Glycerol .alpha.-monoguaiacol Ether

125. Component Of Quibron Plus

126. Nsc-62112

127. 1,2,3-propanetriol, Ether With 2-methoxyphenol

128. Guaifenesin (guaiphenesin)

129. Glycerol .alpha.-(o-methoxyphenyl)ether

130. Glycerol .alpha.-(2-methoxyphenyl) Ether

131. Component Of Colrex Expectorant

132. 2-g

133. 2/g

134. Cvt-2534

135. Nsc62112

136. 495w7451vq

137. Equicol

138. Glycodex

139. Dsstox_cid_3114

140. Colrex Expectorant

141. Dsstox_rid_76881

142. Dsstox_gsid_23114

143. Guaifenesina

144. Tenntus

145. Tussin

146. Glycerinmonoguaiacol Ether

147. Benylin-e

148. Lufyllin-gg

149. Aether Glycerinoguaiacolicus

150. Guaifenesine [inn-french]

151. Guaifenesinum [inn-latin]

152. Guajacol-alpha-glycerinether

153. Tedral Expectorant

154. (component Of) Deconsal Ii

155. Glycerol Alpha-guiacyl Ether

156. Guaifenesina [inn-spanish]

157. Glycerol Alpha-guaiacyl Ether

158. My-301

159. Glycerol Alpha-monoguaiacol Ether

160. Glycerol-alpha-monoguaiacol Ether

161. Guajacol-glycerinaether [german]

162. Hsdb 3089

163. Sr-01000737186

164. Glycerol Mono(2-methoxyphenyl)ether

165. Einecs 202-222-5

166. Glycerol-alpha-guajakolether [czech]

167. Nsc 62112

168. Glycerol Alpha-(o-methoxyphenyl)ether

169. Glycerol Alpha-(o-methoxyphenyl) Ether

170. Glycerol Alpha-(2-methoxyphenyl) Ether

171. Brn 2049375

172. Glycerin Ether

173. Glyc

174. Ai3-24947

175. Unii-495w7451vq

176. Q-tussin

177. Guaifenesin,(s)

178. Cas-93-14-1

179. Ncgc00016350-01

180. Hustosil (tn)

181. Prestwick_231

182. Entex (salt/mix)

183. Mfcd00016873

184. Humabid

185. Dimacol (salt/mix)

186. Kwelcof (salt/mix)

187. Guaifenesin Dc 95%

188. Hycotuss (salt/mix)

189. Guaifenesin [usan:usp:inn:ban:jan]

190. Brondecon (salt/mix)

191. Congestac (salt/mix)

192. Triaminic (salt/mix)

193. Dilor G (salt/mix)

194. Guaifenesin-[13c3]

195. Spectrum_000835

196. Pneumomist (salt/mix)

197. Q-tussin (salt/mix)

198. Glycerol-a-guajakolether

199. 3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propane-1,2-diol

200. Mucinex D (salt/mix)

201. Robitussin (tn)

202. Glycerol A-guiacyl Ether

203. Tussar-2 (salt/mix)

204. Brexin Ex (salt/mix)

205. Tussar Sf (salt/mix)

206. Guaifenesin [mi]

207. Guaifenesin(guaiphenesin)

208. A-glyceryl Guaiacol Ether

209. Glycerol A-guaiacyl Ether

210. Mucinex Dm (salt/mix)

211. Prestwick0_000776

212. Prestwick1_000776

213. Prestwick2_000776

214. Prestwick3_000776

215. Spectrum2_001104

216. Spectrum3_000444

217. Spectrum4_000566

218. Spectrum5_000758

219. Guaifenesin [inn]

220. Guaifenesin [jan]

221. Lufyllin-gg (salt/mix)

222. Naldecon-ex (salt/mix)

223. (+-)-3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol

224. Guaifenesin [hsdb]

225. Guaifenesin [usan]

226. Chembl980

227. Theolair Plus (salt/mix)

228. Guaifenesin [vandf]

229. Robitussin Cf (salt/mix)

230. Schembl4321

231. A-glyceryl Guaiacolate Ether

232. Neothylline-gg (salt/mix)

233. Guaifenesin [mart.]

234. Oprea1_193170

235. Pneumotussin Hc (salt/mix)

236. Wln: Q1yq1or Bo1

237. 1, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-

238. Bronkaid Caplets (salt/mix)

239. Bspbio_000852

240. Bspbio_002088

241. Glycerol A-monoguaiacol Ether

242. Guaifenesin [usp-rs]

243. Guaifenesin [who-dd]

244. Kbiogr_000972

245. Kbioss_001315

246. Slo-phyllin Gg (salt/mix)

247. 1,2-propanediol, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)- (+-)-

248. 4-06-00-05576 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

249. Mls000028402

250. 1, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-

251. Divk1c_000248

252. Spectrum1500321

253. Glycerol-.alpha.-guajakolether

254. Spbio_001208

255. Spbio_002791

256. Pv Tussin Tablet (salt/mix)

257. Tedral Expectorant (salt/mix)

258. Bpbio1_000938

259. Chebi:5551

260. Gtpl7617

261. Guaifenesin (jp17/usp/inn)

262. Dtxsid5023114

263. Guaifenesin [green Book]

264. Tussi-organidin Nr (salt/mix)

265. Hms500m10

266. Kbio1_000248

267. Kbio2_001315

268. Kbio2_003883

269. Kbio2_006451

270. Kbio3_001308

271. Contac Cough Formula (salt/mix)

272. Guaifenesin [orange Book]

273. Ru-tuss De Tablets (salt/mix)

274. Glycerol A-(o-methoxyphenyl)ether

275. Ninds_000248

276. Guaifenesin [ep Monograph]

277. Hms1570k14

278. Hms1920b15

279. Hms2090k20

280. Hms2091h21

281. Hms2097k14

282. Hms2231m20

283. Hms3369e03

284. Hms3369n15

285. Hms3651i17

286. Hms3714k14

287. Isoclor Expectorant C (salt/mix)

288. Pharmakon1600-01500321

289. Polaramine Expectorant (salt/mix)

290. Guaifenesin [usp Monograph]

291. Glycerol A-(2-methoxyphenyl) Ether

292. Hy-b0264

293. Obredon Component Guaifenesin

294. Tox21_110389

295. Tox21_302094

296. Bbl009981

297. Ccg-39687

298. Flowtuss Component Guaifenesin

299. Nsc757052

300. S1740

301. Stk365152

302. Glycerol, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl) Ether

303. Akos005435152

304. Mucinex D Component Guaifenesin

305. Tox21_110389_1

306. Db00874

307. Guaifenesin Component Of Obredon

308. Ks-5306

309. Mucinex Dm Component Guaifenesin

310. Nsc-757052

311. Guaiacol Glyceryl Ether, >=98% (gc)

312. Guaifenesin Component Of Flowtuss

313. Idi1_000248

314. 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1, 2-propanediol

315. Guaifenesin Component Of Hycofenix

316. Hycofenix Component Of Guaifenesin

317. Ncgc00094689-01

318. Ncgc00094689-02

319. Ncgc00094689-03

320. Ncgc00094689-04

321. Ncgc00094689-06

322. Ncgc00255343-01

323. Ac-26819

324. Guaifenesin Component Of Mucinex D

325. Smr000058387

326. Guaifenesin Component Of Mucinex Dm

327. Sbi-0051397.p003

328. Ab00052006

329. Ft-0613565

330. Ft-0669064

331. G0159

332. Sw196538-3

333. (2s)-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol

334. 1,3-propanetriol, Ether With 2-methoxyphenol

335. D00337

336. D70850

337. 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol, 99+%

338. 3-{[2-(methyloxy)phenyl]oxy}propane-1,2-diol

339. Ab00052006-10

340. Ab00052006-11

341. Ab00052006_12

342. Ab00052006_13

343. A844457

344. Q420682

345. 3 - (2 - Methoxyphenoxy) - 1, 2 - Propanediol

346. Sr-01000737186-2

347. Sr-01000737186-3

348. W-100252

349. (+/-)-3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol

350. Brd-a90515964-001-05-8

351. Brd-a90515964-001-09-0

352. 1,2-propanediol, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)- (+/-)-

353. Guaifenesin, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

354. ( Inverted Exclamation Marka)-3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol

355. Guaifenesin, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

356. Guaifenesin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

357. Guaifenesin For Peak Identification, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 198.22 g/mol
Molecular Formula C10H14O4
XLogP31.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count5
Exact Mass198.08920892 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass198.08920892 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area58.9 Ų
Heavy Atom Count14
Formal Charge0
Complexity151
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 4  
Drug NameGuaifenesin
PubMed HealthGuaifenesin (By mouth)
Drug ClassesExpectorant
Drug LabelGuaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate) has the chemical name 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol. Its molecular formula is C10H14O4 with a molecular weight of 198.21. It is a white or slightly gray crystalline substance with a slightly bitter aromatic t...
Active IngredientGuaifenesin
Dosage FormTablet, extended release
RouteOral
Strength600mg
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyPerrigo R And D

2 of 4  
Drug NameMucinex
PubMed HealthGuaifenesin (By mouth)
Drug ClassesExpectorant
Active IngredientGuaifenesin
Dosage FormTablet, extended release
RouteOral
Strength600mg; 1.2gm
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyReckitt Benckiser

3 of 4  
Drug NameGuaifenesin
PubMed HealthGuaifenesin (By mouth)
Drug ClassesExpectorant
Drug LabelGuaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate) has the chemical name 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol. Its molecular formula is C10H14O4 with a molecular weight of 198.21. It is a white or slightly gray crystalline substance with a slightly bitter aromatic t...
Active IngredientGuaifenesin
Dosage FormTablet, extended release
RouteOral
Strength600mg
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyPerrigo R And D

4 of 4  
Drug NameMucinex
PubMed HealthGuaifenesin (By mouth)
Drug ClassesExpectorant
Active IngredientGuaifenesin
Dosage FormTablet, extended release
RouteOral
Strength600mg; 1.2gm
Market StatusOver the Counter
CompanyReckitt Benckiser

4.2 Therapeutic Uses

Expectorants

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


Guaifenesin is indicated as an expectorant in the temporary symptomatic management of cough due to minor upper respiratory infections and related conditions, such as sinusitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis, when these conditions are complicated by viscous mucus and congestion. However, because supporting data are very limited, there is some controversy about its effectiveness. /Included in US product label/

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2007., p. 1537


VET: Guaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that is believed to depress or block nerve impulse transmission at the internuncial neuron level of the subcortical areas of the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. It also has mild analgesic and sedative actions. Guaifenesin is given IV to induce muscle relaxation as an adjunct to anesthesia for short procedures. It relaxes both laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, allowing easier intubation, but has little effect on diaphragm and respiratory function. It may cause transient increases in cardiac rate and decreases in blood pressure. It is also used in treatment of horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis and in dogs with strychnine intoxication.

Kahn, C.M. (Ed.); The Merck Veterinary Manual 9th ed. Merck & Co. Whitehouse Station, NJ. 2005, p. 2018


VET: The drug is used intravenously as a skeletal muscle relaxant in horses. /Gecolate, Glycodex Injection/

US FDA; Database of Approved Animal Drug Products, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, VMRCVM Drug Information Lab, CFR Product Abstract for: 030-434, Available from, as of October 24, 2007: https://dil.vetmed.vt.edu/


4.3 Drug Warning

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) article describing three deaths in U.S. infants aged less than 12 months associated with cough and cold medications /including guaifenesen/. These medications were determined by medical examiners or coroners to be the underlying cause of death. The cases described in this report underscore the need for clinicians to use caution when prescribing and caregivers to use caution when administering cough and cold medications to children aged less than 2 years.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2007.


Doses of guaifenesin larger than those required for expectorant action may produce emesis, but GI upset at ordinary dosage levels is rare.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2007.


For self-medication, unless directed by a physician, guaifenesin should not be used for persistent or chronic cough such as that occurring with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema, or for cough accompanied by excessive phlegm. A persistent cough may be indicative of a serious condition. If cough persists for more than one week, is recurrent, or is accompanied by fever, rash, or persistent headache, a physician should be consulted.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2007.


Adverse effects ... indicating need for medical attention only if they continue or are bothersome ... occurring at an incidence less frequent or rare /include/: diarrhea; dizziness; headache; nausea or vomiting; skin rash; stomach pain; urticaria (hives).

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2007., p. 1537


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for GUAIFENESIN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.4 Minimum/Potential Fatal Human Dose

2(?). 2= SLIGHTLY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 5-15 G/KG, BETWEEN 1 PINT & 1 QT FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-240


4.5 Drug Indication

Guaifenesin is an expectorant that is indicated for providing temporary symptomatic relief from congested chests and coughs which may be due to a cold, bronchitis, and/or other breathing illnesses.


FDA Label


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Guaifenesin is categorized as an expectorant that acts by enhancing the output of phlegm (sputum) and bronchial secretions via decreasing the adhesiveness and surface tension of such material. Furthermore, guaifenesin elicits an increased flow of less viscous gastric secretions that subsequently promote ciliary action - all actions that ultimately change dry, unproductive coughing to coughs that are more productive and less frequent. Essentially, by decreasing the viscosity and adhesiveness of such secretions, guaifenesin enhances the efficacy of mucociliary activity in removing accumulated secretions from the upper and lower airway.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Expectorants

Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here. (See all compounds classified as Expectorants.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
GUAIFENESIN
5.3.2 FDA UNII
495W7451VQ
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Expectorant [EPC]; Increased Respiratory Secretions [PE]; Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists [MoA]; Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC]; Uncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA]; Decreased Respiratory Secretion Viscosity [PE]; Sigma-1 Agonist [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

R05CA03

S76 | LUXPHARMA | Pharmaceuticals Marketed in Luxembourg | Pharmaceuticals marketed in Luxembourg, as published by d'Gesondheetskeess (CNS, la caisse nationale de sante, www.cns.lu), mapped by name to structures using CompTox by R. Singh et al. (in prep.). List downloaded from https://cns.public.lu/en/legislations/textes-coordonnes/liste-med-comm.html. Dataset DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4587355


R - Respiratory system

R05 - Cough and cold preparations

R05C - Expectorants, excl. combinations with cough suppressants

R05CA - Expectorants

R05CA03 - Guaifenesin


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Studies have shown that guaifenesin is well absorbed from and along the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.


Route of Elimination

After administration, guaifenesin is metabolized and then largely excreted in the urine.


Volume of Distribution

The geometric mean apparent volume of distribution of guaifenesin determined in healthy adult subjects is 116L (CV=45.7%).


Clearance

The mean clearance recorded for guaifenesin is about 94.8 L/hr (CV=51.4%).


Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2007., p. 1537


It is not known whether guaifenesin is distributed into breast milk.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2007., p. 1537


Elimination /is/ renal, as inactive metabolites.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2007., p. 1537


Five donkeys and three horses were given guaifenesin, intravenously, by gravity administration, until recumbency was produced. The time and dose required to produce recumbency, recovery time to sternal and standing were recorded. Blood samples were collected for guaifenesin assay at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min, and 2, 3, 4 and 6 hr after guaifenesin administration. Serum was analysed for guaifenesin using HPLC and pharmacokinetic values were calculated using a computer software package. In donkeys, heart and respiratory rates and blood pressures were recorded before and at 5-min intervals during recumbency. Arterial blood samples were collected before and at 5 and 15 min intervals during recumbency for analysis of pH, CO2, and O2. ANOVA was used to evaluate dynamic data, while t-tests were used for kinetic values. Respiratory rate was decreased significantly during recumbency, but no other significant changes from baseline occurred. The mean (+/- SD) recumbency dose of guaifenesin was 131 mg/kg (27) for donkeys and 211 mg/kg (8) for horses. Recovery time to sternal (min) was 15 (SD, 11) for donkeys and 34 (SD, 1.4) for horses. Time to standing was 32 min for donkeys and 36 min for horses. Calculation of AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) microgram/mL) (dose-dependent variable) was 231 (SD, 33) for donkeys and 688 (SD, 110) for horses. The clearance (CL) (mL/hr.kg) was 546 (SD, 73) for donkeys, which was significantly different from 313 (SD, 62) for horses. Mean residence time (MRT) (hr) was 1.2 (SD, 0.1) for donkeys and 2.6 (SD, 0.5) for horses. Volume of distribution Vd(area) (mL/kg) was 678 (SD, 92) for donkeys and 794 (SD, 25) for horses. At the rate of administration used in this study, donkeys required less guaifenesin than horses to produce recumbency, but cleared it more rapidly.

PMID:9430767 Matthews N, Peck K et al; J Vet Pharmacol Ther 20 (6): 442-6 (1997)


5.6 Metabolism/Metabolites

After the oral administration of 400 mg guaifenesin, the agent experiences rapid hydrolysis (more than 60% of the dose hydrolyzed over a range of seven hours) with -(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid found as the major urinary metabolite but no parent drug detectable in the urine. Moreover, it has been observed that guaifenesin also experiences both oxidation and demethylation. In particular, the medication is quickly metabolized hepatically by way of oxidation to -(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid. Furthermore, guaifenesin is also demethylated by O-demethylase in liver microsomes to the point where about 40% of an administered dose is excreted as this metabolite in the urine within 3 hours. In fact, O-demethylase appears to be the primary enzyme for the metabolism of guaifenesin and the primary metabolites of the substance are -(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid and the demethylated hydroxyguaifenesin, both of which are themselves inactive moieties.


The major urinary metabolite is beta-(2-methoxyphenoxy) lactic acid.

Medical Economics Co; Physicians Desk Reference: Generics 2nd ed p.1474 (1996)


It is excreted in urine principally as glucuronates & sulfates.

Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-240


Oxidative o-demethylation of glyceryl guaiacolate ether occurred much more rapidly in ip injected male rats than in females. This sex difference in metabolism was paralleled by corresponding difference in o-demethylase activity between male & female animals.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals Volume 3. London: The Chemical Society, 1975., p. 272


5.7 Biological Half-Life

The half-life in plasma observed for guaifenesin is approximately one hour.


Guaifenesin has a plasma half-life of one hour.

Medical Economics Co; Physicians Desk Reference: Generics 2nd ed p.1474 (1996)


Centrally acting muscle relaxant glyceryl guaiacolate ether was found to have t/2 of 56.5 min in male rats and 88.5 min in female rats following ip administration.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals Volume 3. London: The Chemical Society, 1975., p. 588


5.8 Mechanism of Action

Although the exact mechanism of action of guaifenesin may not yet be formally or totally elucidated, it is believed that expectorants like guaifenesin function by increasing mucus secretion. Moreover, it is also further proposed that such expectorants may also act as an irritant to gastric vagal receptors, and recruit efferent parasympathetic reflexes that can elicit glandular exocytosis that is comprised of a less viscous mucus mixture. Subsequently, these actions may provoke coughing that can ultimately flush difficult to access, congealed mucopurulent material from obstructed small airways to facilitate a temporary improvement for the individual. Consequently, while it is generally proposed that guaifenesin functions as an expectorant by helping to loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions to rid the bronchial passageways of bothersome mucus and make coughs more productive, there has also been research to suggest that guaifenesin possesses and is capable of demonstrating anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects to some degree possibly by acting as an NMDA receptor antagonist.


Guaifenesin is thought to act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi. Thus it may increase the efficiency of the cough reflex and facilitate removal of the secretions; however, objective evidence for this is limited and conflicting.

Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2007., p. 1537


By increasing respiratory tract fluid, guaifenesin reduces the viscosity of tenacious secretions and acts as an expectorant.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD. 2007.


Guaifenesin, a commonly used agent for the treatment of cough, is termed an expectorant since it is believed to alleviate cough discomfort by increasing sputum volume and decreasing its viscosity, thereby promoting effective cough. Despite its common usage, relatively few studies, yielding contrasting results, have been performed to investigate the action and efficacy of guaifenesin. To evaluate the effect of guaifenesin on cough reflex sensitivity. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fourteen subjects with acute viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and 14 healthy volunteers. On 2 separate days, subjects underwent capsaicin cough challenge 1 to 2 hr after receiving a single, 400-mg dose (capsules) of guaifenesin or matched placebo. Measurements and results: The concentration of capsaicin inducing five or more coughs (C(5)) was determined. Among subjects with URI, mean (+/- SEM) log C(5) after guaifenesin and placebo were 0.92 +/- 0.17 and 0.66 +/- 0.14, respectively (p = 0.028). No effect on cough sensitivity was observed in healthy volunteers. /The/ results demonstrate that guaifenesin inhibits cough reflex sensitivity in subjects with URI, whose cough receptors are transiently hypersensitive, but not in healthy volunteers. Possible mechanisms include a central antitussive effect, or a peripheral effect by increased sputum volume serving as a barrier shielding cough receptors within the respiratory epithelium from the tussive stimulus.

PMID:14665498 Dicpinigaitis P, Gayle Y; Chest 124 (6): 2178-81(2003)


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Granules is a fast-growing, vertically integrated pharma company based in Hyderabad, committed to operational excellence, quality, and customer service. It manufactures across the entire value chain- APIs, Formulation Intermediates, & Formulations. With 11 facilities (8 in India, 2 in the US and 1 in Europe) approved by US FDA, EDQM, EU GMP, WHO GMP, & more, its products reach 300+ customers in 80+ countries. Granules has offices in India, the US, & Europe ensuring a strong global presence. Products listed herein may not be available for commercial use in countries where any relevant third-party intellectual property is in force.
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Jai Radhe Sales, founded in 1999, is a global distributor specializing in high-quality pharmaceutical ingredients from India. It offers complete sourcing solutions, technical and regulatory support, and strives for global standards. Known for quality and affordability, it has established a niche through innovative methods and exports to nearly every continent. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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LGM Pharma is a global leader in sourcing APIs, including hard-to-find drug substances, for pharmaceutical and biotech industries. LGM also operates as a full-service drug product CDMO, offering formulation, analytical method development and testing, regulatory support, and commercial manufacturing. Supported by a network of over 220 accredited cGMP manufacturing partners and more than 100,000 sq. ft. of FDA-inspected cGMP manufacturing and warehouse space, LGM delivers secure, end-to-end solutions across multiple dosage forms. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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Transo-Pharm, founded in 1987, is a fully licensed global distributor of pharmaceutical components for health and veterinary industries. It supports customers throughout the API lifecycle, from development to sales, offering diverse products and qualifying manufacturers for compliance. Acting as a sourcing and regulatory marketing agent, Transo-Pharm has offices in Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States, and an affiliated office in Mumbai. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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Rochem, established in 1994, is a global distributor of pharmaceutical, food, nutritional, and animal health ingredients, sourcing high-quality products from China. Headquartered in Hauppauge, New York, it operates 16 offices worldwide. Rochem’s operations are fully cGMP compliant and have been audited by the USFDA and several multinational organizations. The company also trains and audits its partners to ensure FDA-compliant technologies and systems. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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HRV Pharma is a global manufacturer, seller, and exporter of APIs, intermediates, pellets, food-grade chemicals, food additives, and food ingredients. The company provides sourcing, manufacturing, and supply services to support partners entering new markets worldwide. HRV Pharma works closely with major pharma and food additive companies and represents over 30 Indian drugmakers, primarily serving Europe, the US, and the Middle East. Headquartered in India, it operates offices in the US, Switzerland, Dubai, Lithuania, and Turkey. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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Tenatra International was established as a proprietorship firm in 1999. It got off to a very good start, supporting clients in the United States, Mexico and Europe. As business opportunities grew, it was felt that the proprietorship firm had outlived its usefulness and that it needed a corporate structure. So, Tenatra Exports Private Limited was incorporated in 2002. Since then, the company has come a long way, gaining valuable experience and knowledge in the fields of chemicals and pharmaceuticals in India. Note: Product(s) under patent(s) are offered only for R&D purposes as per the Patent Act & not for commercial sale.
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API | Excipient name

Guaifenesin

Synonyms

93-14-1, Guaiphenesin, Guaiacol glyceryl ether, Glycerol guaiacolate, Glyceryl guaiacolate, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol

Cas Number

93-14-1

Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)

495W7451VQ

About Guaifenesin

An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.

Anti-Tuss Manufacturers

A Anti-Tuss manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Anti-Tuss, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Anti-Tuss manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Anti-Tuss API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss manufacturers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, and COA related information on PhamaCompass.

Anti-Tuss Suppliers

A Anti-Tuss supplier is an individual or a company that provides Anti-Tuss active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Anti-Tuss finished formulations upon request. The Anti-Tuss suppliers may include Anti-Tuss API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, and COA related information on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss USDMF

A Anti-Tuss DMF (Drug Master File) is a document detailing the whole manufacturing process of Anti-Tuss active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in detail. Different forms of Anti-Tuss DMFs exist exist since differing nations have different regulations, such as Anti-Tuss USDMF, ASMF (EDMF), JDMF, CDMF, etc.

A Anti-Tuss DMF submitted to regulatory agencies in the US is known as a USDMF. Anti-Tuss USDMF includes data on Anti-Tuss's chemical properties, information on the facilities and procedures used, and details about packaging and storage. The Anti-Tuss USDMF is kept confidential to protect the manufacturer’s intellectual property.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with USDMF on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss JDMF

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) established the Japan Drug Master File (JDMF), also known as the Master File (MF), to permit Japanese and foreign manufacturers of drug substances, intermediates, excipients, raw materials, and packaging materials (‘Products’) to voluntarily register confidential information about the production and management of their products in Japan.

The Anti-Tuss Drug Master File in Japan (Anti-Tuss JDMF) empowers Anti-Tuss API manufacturers to present comprehensive information (e.g., production methods, data, etc.) to the review authority, i.e., PMDA (Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency).

PMDA reviews the Anti-Tuss JDMF during the approval evaluation for pharmaceutical products. At the time of Anti-Tuss JDMF registration, PMDA checks if the format is accurate, if the necessary items have been included (application), and if data has been attached.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with JDMF on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss KDMF

In Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is in charge of regulating pharmaceutical products and services.

Pharmaceutical companies submit a Anti-Tuss Drug Master File in Korea (Anti-Tuss KDMF) to the MFDS, which includes comprehensive information about the production, processing, facilities, materials, packaging, and testing of Anti-Tuss. The MFDS reviews the Anti-Tuss KDMF as part of the drug registration process and uses the information provided in the Anti-Tuss KDMF to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug.

After submitting a Anti-Tuss KDMF to the MFDS, the registered manufacturer can provide importers or distributors with the registration number without revealing confidential information to Korean business partners. Applicants seeking to register their Anti-Tuss API can apply through the Korea Drug Master File (KDMF).

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with KDMF on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss CEP

A Anti-Tuss CEP of the European Pharmacopoeia monograph is often referred to as a Anti-Tuss Certificate of Suitability (COS). The purpose of a Anti-Tuss CEP is to show that the European Pharmacopoeia monograph adequately controls the purity of Anti-Tuss EP produced by a given manufacturer. Suppliers of raw materials can prove the suitability of Anti-Tuss to their clients by showing that a Anti-Tuss CEP has been issued for it. The manufacturer submits a Anti-Tuss CEP (COS) as part of the market authorization procedure, and it takes on the role of a Anti-Tuss CEP holder for the record. Additionally, the data presented in the Anti-Tuss CEP (COS) is managed confidentially and offers a centralized system acknowledged by numerous nations, exactly like the Anti-Tuss DMF.

A Anti-Tuss CEP (COS) is recognised by all 36 nations that make up the European Pharmacopoeia Convention. Anti-Tuss CEPs may be accepted in nations that are not members of the Ph. Eur. at the discretion of the authorities there.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with CEP (COS) on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss WC

A Anti-Tuss written confirmation (Anti-Tuss WC) is an official document issued by a regulatory agency to a Anti-Tuss manufacturer, verifying that the manufacturing facility of a Anti-Tuss active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations of the importing country. When exporting Anti-Tuss APIs or Anti-Tuss finished pharmaceutical products to another nation, regulatory agencies frequently require a Anti-Tuss WC (written confirmation) as part of the regulatory process.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with Written Confirmation (WC) on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss NDC

National Drug Code is a comprehensive database maintained by the FDA that contains information on all drugs marketed in the US. This directory includes information about finished drug products, unfinished drug products, and compounded drug products, including those containing Anti-Tuss as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

Finished drug products

The FDA updates the NDC directory daily. The NDC numbers for Anti-Tuss API and other APIs are published in this directory by the FDA.

Unfinished drugs

The NDC unfinished drugs database includes product listing information submitted for all unfinished drugs, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drugs intended for further processing and bulk drug substances for compounding.

Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture Anti-Tuss as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) must furnish the FDA with an updated record of all drugs that they produce, prepare, propagate, compound, or process for commercial distribution in the US at their facilities.

Compounded drug products

The NDC directory also contains data on finished compounded human drug products that contain Anti-Tuss and are produced by outsourcing facilities. While these outsourcing facilities are not mandated to assign a Anti-Tuss NDC to their finished compounded human drug products, they may choose to do so.

click here to find a list of Anti-Tuss suppliers with NDC on PharmaCompass.

Anti-Tuss GMP

Anti-Tuss Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

PharmaCompass offers a list of Anti-Tuss GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Anti-Tuss GMP manufacturer or Anti-Tuss GMP API supplier for your needs.

Anti-Tuss CoA

A Anti-Tuss CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Anti-Tuss's compliance with Anti-Tuss specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

Anti-Tuss CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Anti-Tuss CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

Anti-Tuss may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Anti-Tuss EP), Anti-Tuss JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Anti-Tuss USP).

Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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