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Amitraz
Also known as: 33089-61-1, Mitac, Taktic, Triazid, Azaform, Mitaban
Molecular Formula
C19H23N3
Molecular Weight
293.4  g/mol
InChI Key
QXAITBQSYVNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
33IAH5017S

Amitraz is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide. It was generated in 1969 by the Boots Co. in England. Amitraz presents insect repellent effects and hence, it can be used as an insecticide and pesticide. Its insecticide effect is due to its agonistic activity in the alpha-adrenergic system, its interaction with the octopamine receptors in the central nervous system and its driven inhibition of the synthesis of monoamine oxidases and prostaglandins. All the abovementioned effects are translated into the overexcitation, paralysis, and death in insects. Amitraz presents a lower effect in mammals and thus, it is widely used in the treatment of mite- or tick-infestation of dogs.
1 2D Structure

Amitraz

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]-N-methylmethanimidamide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C19H23N3/c1-14-6-8-18(16(3)10-14)20-12-22(5)13-21-19-9-7-15(2)11-17(19)4/h6-13H,1-5H3
2.1.3 InChI Key
QXAITBQSYVNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)N=CN(C)C=NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C)C)C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
33IAH5017S
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Mitaban

2. N-methyl-bis(2,4-xylyiminomethyl) Amine

3. Taktic

4. U 36059

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 33089-61-1

2. Mitac

3. Taktic

4. Triazid

5. Azaform

6. Mitaban

7. Acarac

8. Baam

9. Azadieno

10. Ectodex

11. Edrizar

12. Amitraz Estrella

13. Fumilat A

14. Amitraze

15. Upjohn U-36059

16. Boots Bts 27419

17. U-36059

18. Bts-27419

19. Certifect

20. Ovasyn

21. Nsc 324552

22. 1,5-di(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene

23. Ent 27967

24. Bts 27,419

25. N-methylbis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)amine

26. N-methyl-n'-2,4-xylyl-n-(n-2,4-xylylformimidoyl)formamidine

27. N,n-bis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)methylamine

28. U-36,059

29. N,n-di-(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)methylamine

30. R.d. 27419

31. 2-methyl-1,3-di(2,4-xylylimino)-2-azapropane

32. Nsc-324552

33. N,n'-((methylimino)dimethylidyne)di-2,4-xylidine

34. 2,4-xylidine, N,n'-(methyliminodimethylidyne)bis-

35. N,n'-((methylimino)dimethylidyne)bis(2,4-xylidine)

36. Acadrex

37. Bumetran

38. Istambul

39. Mtiaban

40. Triatix

41. Triatox

42. Maitac

43. Tudy

44. 33iah5017s

45. N,n'-(methyliminodimethylidyne)bis-2,4-xylidine

46. Amitraz 10 Microg/ml In Cyclohexane

47. Methanimidamide, N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-(((2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)-n-methyl-

48. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-(((2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)-n-methylmethanimidamide

49. Amitraz 100 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

50. Ncgc00094572-01

51. Bipin

52. Formamidine, N-methyl-n'-2,4-xylyl-n-(n-2,4-xylylformimidoyl)-

53. Dsstox_cid_3871

54. Dsstox_rid_77213

55. Methanimidamide, N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-n-methyl-

56. Dsstox_gsid_23871

57. Amitraze [french]

58. U-36-059

59. Mitaban (veterinary)

60. Caswell No. 374a

61. Amitrazum

62. Amitrazum [inn-latin]

63. Oms 1820

64. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-{[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-n-methylmethanimidamide

65. N-methyl-bis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)amine

66. N-methylbis-(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)-amine

67. Cas-33089-61-1

68. Ccris 1552

69. U 36059

70. Hsdb 6939

71. Einecs 251-375-4

72. Bts 27419

73. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 106201

74. Brn 2946590

75. N-methyl-bis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)amin

76. Unii-33iah5017s

77. Ai3-27967

78. 1,5-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene

79. Amitraz [usan:usp:inn:ban]

80. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-([(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl)-n-methylimidoformamide

81. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[(e)-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]-n-methylmethanimidamide

82. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-{(e)-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-n-methylimidoformamide

83. N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-n-methyl-methaniminamide

84. N,4-xylidine]

85. Amitraz (usp/inn)

86. Amitraz [hsdb]

87. Amitraz [usan]

88. Amitraz [inn]

89. Amitraz [mi]

90. Amitraz [mart.]

91. Spectrum2_001243

92. Spectrum3_001944

93. 1,5-di-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene

94. Amitraz [usp-rs]

95. Amitraz, Analytical Standard

96. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]-n-methylmethanimidamide

97. Schembl37309

98. Amitraz [green Book]

99. Bspbio_003544

100. Ruthenium, Dicyclopentadienyl-

101. Spectrum1505299

102. Spbio_001146

103. Chebi:2665

104. Amitraz [usp Monograph]

105. Chembl1365675

106. Dtxsid5023871

107. Schembl13346111

108. Schembl19312984

109. Kbio3_002829

110. Amy3584

111. Hms1922b10

112. Hms2093o18

113. Hms3885o17

114. Pharmakon1600-01505299

115. Hy-b1111

116. Tox21_111299

117. Tox21_201357

118. Tox21_300930

119. Amitraz 100 Microg/ml In N-hexane

120. Ccg-39116

121. Mfcd00069396

122. Nsc324552

123. Nsc758952

124. S3643

125. Stk368623

126. Zinc18117389

127. Amitraz [ema Epar Veterinary]

128. Promeris Duo Component Amitraz

129. Akos005444180

130. Akos026750163

131. Tox21_111299_1

132. Zinc100025258

133. Zinc100258592

134. Zinc253495784

135. Cs-4710

136. Db11373

137. Ks-5123

138. Nsc-758952

139. 2, N,n'-(methyliminodimethylidyne)bis-

140. Amitraz 1000 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

141. Amitraz Component Of Promeris Duo

142. Ncgc00094572-02

143. Ncgc00094572-03

144. Ncgc00094572-04

145. Ncgc00094572-05

146. Ncgc00094572-06

147. Ncgc00094572-07

148. Ncgc00094572-08

149. Ncgc00094572-11

150. Ncgc00094572-12

151. Ncgc00254832-01

152. Ncgc00258909-01

153. Ac-12471

154. Sbi-0206759.p001

155. Amitraz, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard

156. Ft-0629369

157. D02380

158. Ab01563057_01

159. 089a611

160. A821615

161. Q417878

162. Sr-05000001653

163. Sr-05000001653-1

164. Amitraz, British Pharmacopoeia (bp) Reference Standard

165. 1,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene

166. Amitraz, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

167. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-n-methylmethanimidamide

168. (e)-n'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-((e)-(2,4-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)-n-methylformimidamide

169. Methanimidamide,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-n-methyl-

170. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)iminomethyl]-n-methyl-formamidine

171. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl) Imino]methyl]-n-methylmethanimidamide

172. N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n-{(e)-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl}-n-methylimidoformamide (non-preferred Name)

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-26
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 293.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula C19H23N3
XLogP35.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count2
Rotatable Bond Count4
Exact Mass293.189197746 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass293.189197746 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area28 Ų
Heavy Atom Count22
Formal Charge0
Complexity354
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

MEDICATION (VETERINARY): Amitraz ... is used primarily as an acaricide to control ticks and mites. It is available as a dip for control of canine demodicosis and will also control scabies. An amitraz-impregnated collar is also marketed for the control of ticks on dogs. More recently, an amitraz-containing spot-on product for control of ectoparasites in dogs was developed. It combines the action of amitraz against ticks, mites, and demodectic and sarcoptic mange with that of metaflumizone, a sodium channel blocker, broadening the spectrum of activity by adding efficacy against fleas and lice. Amitraz is not approved for use on cats.

Kahn, C.M (ed.).; The Merck Veterinary Manual 10th Edition. Merck & Co. Whitehouse Station NJ. 2010, p. 2360


MEDICATION (VETERINARY): A 2.5-yr-old female llama (Lama glama) ... with skin lesions was presented to the Animal Health Center in Seoul Grand Park Zoo, Korea. Mites of the genus Demodex in the absence of other mites or fungi were identified from the lesions by skin scrapings. ... Treatment with amitraz (0.025%) eliminated the mites and resolved the clinical signs.

PMID:20722277 Eo KY et al; J Zoo Wildl Med. 41 (1): 178-80 (2010)


4.2 Drug Indication

Treatment and prevention of infestations in dogs by ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, Haemaphysalis elliptica, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum and Amblyomma maculatum) and fleas (Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis). Treatment of infestations by chewing lice (Trichodectes canis). Prevention of environmental flea contamination by inhibiting the development of all flea immature stages. The product can be used as part of a treatment strategy for the control of flea-allergy dermatitis. Elimination of fleas and ticks within 24 hours. One treatment prevents further infestations for five weeks by ticks and for up to five weeks by fleas.

The treatment indirectly reduces the risk of transmission of tick-borne diseases (canine babesiosis, monocytic ehrlichiosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and borreliosis) from infected ticks for four weeks.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Insect Repellents

Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food. (See all compounds classified as Insect Repellents.)


Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. (See all compounds classified as Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists.)


Insecticides

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)


Pesticide Synergists

Chemicals that, while not possessing inherent pesticidal activity, nonetheless promote or enhance the effectiveness of other pesticides when combined. (See all compounds classified as Pesticide Synergists.)


5.2 ATC Code

QP53AX65


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

In all species examined, urine was the major route of excretion, accounting for 65-84% of the dose (55-76% within the first 24 hr). ... In both rats and mice, increasing the dose of amitraz from 1 to 100 mg/kg bw increased the excretion of N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine from approximately 5 to 30% of the total excretion.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues Evaluation for Amitraz (33089-61-1) (1998). Available from, as of January 11, 2012: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jmpr.html


In separate studies, groups of two male and two female beagle dogs were dosed orally (4 mg/kg bw by capsule) or dermally (20-21 mg on an area of 400-500 cm sq) with (14)C-amitraz (specific activity, 8.6 mCi/g). Peak blood concentrations of radiolabel were observed during the first 8 hr after oral administration. About 80% of the oral dose was excreted within the first 24 hr and 100% within 72 hr, preferentially in the urine. After dermal treatment, peak blood concentrations occurred within 24-72 hr, and only 25-40% was recovered in urine and feces over a 10-day collection period, demonstrating the poor dermal absorption of amitraz.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues Evaluation for Amitraz (33089-61-1) (1998). Available from, as of January 11, 2012: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jmpr.html


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

Analysis of urine obtained from volunteers dosed with (14)C-amitraz indicated that the metabolism of amitraz was qualitatively similar to that in the other species. The major metabolites were 4-formamido- meta-toluic acid, 4-acetamido- meta-toluic acid and N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine. In addition, 40-60% of the metabolites excreted in urine were accounted for by a polar fraction containing conjugates of 4-formamido- meta-toluic acid and 4-acetamido- meta-toluic acid. The minor metabolites included 4-amino- meta-toluic acid and form-2',4'-xylidide. Excretion of N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine was dose-dependent. The metabolites identified in the volunteers were 4-formamido- meta-toluic acid plus 4-acetamido- meta-toluic acid (27% of the total radiolabel in urine), N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine (6%), 4-amino- meta-toluic acid (4%), form-2',4'-xylidide (4 %), the product of acid hydrolysis of N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine and form-2',4'-xylidide (1%), and polar material (57%).

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues Evaluation for Amitraz (33089-61-1) (1998). Available from, as of January 11, 2012: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jmpr.html


When (14)C-amitraz was applied to Boophilus microplus, penetration occurred readily. Cleavage to 2,4-dimethylformanilide and N-2,4-dimethylphenyl N'-methylformamidine and large amounts of polar material occurred. 2,4-dimethylaniline adn CO2 were also produced.

Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980., p. 24


... Pear samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and anhydrous sodium sulphate. Amitraz was found to be rapidly decomposed into four related compounds, of which N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)formamidine (DMPF) was the most abundant and persistent. N,N'-bisdimethylphenylformamidine (BDMPF), 2,4-dimethylformamidine (DMF) and 2,4-dimethyl aniline (DMA) were also main metabolites of amitraz.

PMID:18656887 Pico Y et al; J Chromatogr A. 1203 (1): 36-46 (2008)


In separate studies, groups of two male and two female beagle dogs were dosed orally (4 mg/kg bw by capsule) or dermally (20-21 mg on an area of 400-500 cm sq) with (14)C-amitraz (specific activity, 8.6 mCi/g). ... /The/ metabolism of amitraz was essentially the same after oral and dermal administration. 4-Formamido- meta-toluic acid was the predominant residue in both blood and urine. The parent compound and the first hydrolysis products, N-methyl- N'-(2,4-xylyl)formamidine and form-2',4'-xylidide, were not observed at measurable concentrations in either blood or urine.

WHO/FAO; Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues Evaluation for Amitraz (33089-61-1) (1998). Available from, as of January 11, 2012: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jmpr.html


The hydrolyzed metabolic products of amitraz include 2,4-dimethylaniline, and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N'-methylformamidine. These metabolites are further metabolized to 2,4-dimethylaniline and ultimately to 4-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid, the principal amitraz metabolite found in the urine and liver.

Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997., p. 1730


5.5 Mechanism of Action

Amitraz exhibits monoamine oxidase-inhibiting properties in vitro, but only at high doses does it or its main metabolite (n-2,4 dimethylphenyl-N-methyl-formamide-- BTS27-271) exhibit central; monoamine oxidase-inhibiting properties in animals in vivo. The hydrolyzed metabolic product 2,4-dimethylaniline is a relatively weak methemoglobin formed in dog and presumably man. Topical application of high doses of amitraz in the dog incr plasma glucose and suppresses insulin. Amitraz appears to be a central alpha-adrenoceptor agonist whose action results in diminished peripheral sympathetic tone with a lowering of blood pressure and heart rate. Peripherally, it exhibits both alpha1 and alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist activity resulting in some elevation of blood pressure. The xylene present in amitraz formulations is more likely to induce central nervous system depression.

Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997., p. 1730


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