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    Antibiotic resistant superbugs: deadlier than cancer and closer to you than you think

    Antibiotic resistant superbugs: deadlier than cancer and closer to you than you think

    The global war on superbugs, bacteria that grow resistant to drugs, infect humans and defy conventional medicines, just opened another battlefront when antibiotic contamination was found in rivers in China, which wasn’t a result of the factories that produce the antibiotics. The situation in China can easily be replicated in other countries in the world and in turn, could totally impact you.  Latest situation in ChinaIn the first ever comprehensive study done in China, at the Guanzhou Institute of Geochemistry, rivers around densely populated regions were found to be contaminated with antibiotics at alarmingly high levels. China the largest producer and user of antibiotics in the world, measured environmental concentrations (MECs) of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin at levels up to 7560 ng/L compared with Italy (9 ng/L), USA (up to 120 ng/L) and Germany (20 ng/L). Seven antibiotics were found to have concentrations of over 1,000 nanograms per liter in the environment, a level of extremely serious concern. Bacterial resistance rates in hospitals (i.e. superbugs) are found to be directly correlated to the environemental concentrations levels and usage of antibiotics.  The Haihe River and the Pearl Rivers, which flow through major Chinese citites of Beijing, Tianjing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, were found to be the most severely antibiotic-polluted water basins. China’s Pearl River Delta, has overtaken Tokyo to become the world’s largest urban area in both size and population. The report, focused on 36 frequently detected antibiotics in China and their environmental impact. The total usage for the 36 selected chemicals was 92,700 tons in 2013 with approximately 54,000 tons of antibiotics excreted by human and animals, almost all of which, entered the environement. It is estimated that half of all antibiotics  in China are consumed by animal livestock. Farmers overuse and abuse of antibiotics, by adding them directly to animals’ feed to promote growth. A key contributor to the environmental contamination problem is that up to 75 percent of antibiotics,  fed to animals get excreted into the environment without any waste treatment.  What are the Chinese doing about it?While, China has no established limits for the allowable level of antibiotics in the environment, there is a strong sense of urgency to address the problem.  As part of the initiatives taken, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has drawn up an Antibiotic Intensity Map of all the country's 58 river basins to monitor the levels of antibiotics at all times. In addition, the Chinese government is taking necessary measures against facilities, which are polluting the environment to ensure compliance. Measures taken need to be watched closely as China is the antibiotic supplier to most countries in the world. As the Chinese crackdown occurs on factories polluting the environment, European regulators have been suspending imports from Chinese factories for GMP compliance concerns (Zhuhai United is the latest to get a non-compliance report).  Antibiotics resistance will overtake cancer in number of deaths by 2050Globally all countries, including China are aware that antibiotics resistance is a global healthcare challenge that will overtake cancer in number of deaths by 2050 and cost the world economy almost $100 trillion. Not only will antibiotic resistance become the leading cause of deaths by 2050, 90% of the 10 million deaths are expected to occur in Asia and Africa. Deaths by comparison for cancer are estimated to be 8.3 million, diabetes 1.5 million, diarrhea 1.4 million and road accidents 1.2 million.  Countries like South Africa, where the government is battling a drug shortage crisis, is an outcome of the situation in China as there is unavailability of commonly prescribed antibiotics. The use of antibiotics, has become integral to the global medical and food systems. However, the concerns over the resistance to antibiotics has been declared a “national security priority” by the White House while the WHO calls it a serious, worldwide threat to public health.  The Chinese study, has added a new dimension to this global war, where contamination of antibiotics in the water we drink has been highlighted. Contamination caused by human and animal excrement more than the factories producing the antibiotics.    Since humans and animals consume antibiotics globally and there is a carry over of these antibiotics into the environment, it is worth questioning if the water we drink is being controlled for antibiotic levels? After all, the harm caused by passive smoking has created smoke-free laws, would it be completely ridiculous to discuss antibiotics-free environment legislation? 

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    https://www.pharmacompass.com/radio-compass-blog/antibiotic-resistant-superbugs-deadlier-than-cancer-and-closer-to-you-than-you-think

    #Phispers by PHARMACOMPASS
    25 Jun 2015
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    Dr. Reddy’s expansion plans for API production

    Dr. Reddy’s expansion plans for API production

    Unrelated to the inspection of the USFDA at the Dr. Reddys Srikakulam facility, Dr. Reddys sought permission from the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change to expand their drug and intermediate manufacturing at three locations. All three chemical technical operation (CTO) units, CTO-I, CTO-II & CTO-III are located in Medak district and the announced planned capacity increases along with the anticipated capital investment were   Existing Capacity Planned Capacity Anticipated Investment CTO I 14.7 TPM 45.5 TPM Rs 30 crores CTO II 21.9 TPM 68.9 TPM Rs 45 crores CTO - III 4.45 TPM 28.1 TPM Rs 12 crores  *$1 million is approximately about Rs 6.2 crores & TPM is tons per month In addition, the declaration given by Dr. Reddys also mentions the various products which will be produced at each facility (table below). Needless to say, the plans are ambitious however with the growth witnessed by the Indian pharmaceutical industry over the past decade, one can understand Dr. Reddys commitment to investing further in their business.   Table Dr. Reddys production plans at various facilities Product Name Planned Capacity (TPM) Facility Location Alendronate Sodium Trihydrate 6.67 CTO - III Alfuzosin 2.33 CTO - I Altretamine 0.03 CTO - I Amlodipine Besylate 33.33 CTO - II Amlodipine Besylate 133.33 CTO - III Amlodipine Besylate ( Ethyl 4 [2- (pthalamide)ethoxy] aceto acetate (TDM-2) 100 CTO - II Amlodipine Maleate 30 CTO - III Amsacrine 0.07 CTO - I Anastrazole 0.83 CTO - II Aprepitant 3.33 CTO - III Aripiprazole 0.33 CTO - II Atomoxetine 1.67 CTO - III Atorvastatin  375.83 CTO - II Azacitidine 0.67 CTO - I Bicalutamide 0.03 CTO - II Bivalirudin 0.03 CTO - II Bivalirudin Trifluoro Acetate 0.03 CTO - I Bortezomib 0.03 CTO - I Cabazitaxel 0.02 CTO - I Candesartan cilexetil 6.67 CTO - II Cetirizine Hydrochloride 66.67 CTO - I  Cetirizine 16.67 CTO - II Ciprofloxacin 176.67 CTO - II Ciprofloxacin HCl  533.33 CTO - II Ciprofloxacin Lactate 33.33 CTO - II Clopidogrel Bisulfate 500 CTO - I Clopidogrel Premix 166.67 CTO - II Diluted Everolimus 5% (Everolimus) 0.33 CTO - II Disodium Pamidronate 0.33 CTO - III Docetaxel 1.9 CTO - I Dutasteride 3.33 CTO - II Esomeprazole magnesium 66.67 CTO - III Ezetimibe 3.33 CTO - II Fexofenadine Hydrochloride  500 CTO - I Finasteride 10 CTO - II Fluoxetine 110 CTO - I Fondaparinux Sodium 0.33 CTO - II Galantamine 0.03 CTO - II Gemcitabine 13.33 CTO - I Glimepiride 13.33 CTO - II Imatinib 0.17 CTO - I Irinotecan 0.33 CTO - I Ketorolac 66.67 CTO - II Lacidipine 5 CTO - III Lamotrigine 33.33 CTO - I Lansoprozole 8.33 CTO - III Letrozole 0.03 CTO - II Levocetrizine Di HCl 10 CTO - III Levofloxacin 200 CTO - II Lomustine 1.33 CTO - I Losartan Postassium 150 CTO - I Meloxicam 0.03 CTO - I Memantine HCl 3.33 CTO - II Mesalamine 0.03 CTO - II Metoprolol Succinate 266.67 CTO - II Moxifloxacin 116.67 CTO - II Norfloxacin  0.03 CTO - I Omeprazole 133.33 CTO - III Omeprazole Magnesium 50 CTO - III Omeprazole Sodium 10 CTO - III Omerprazole Form B 33.33 CTO - III Paclitaxel 0.33 CTO - I Pantoprazole Sodium 100 CTO - III paroxetine HCl 0.03 CTO - II Pemetrexed 0.67 CTO - I Rabeprazole Sodium 83.33 CTO - III Raloxifene 33.33 CTO - II Ramipril 100 CTO - III Repaglinide 6.67 CTO - II Rivastigmine 6.67 CTO - II Risperidone 13.33 CTO - I Rivastigmine 6.667 CTO - I Rizatriptan Benzoate 1.33 CTO - II Rocuronium Bromide 0.03 CTO - II Ropinrole HCl 1.83 CTO - III Rosiglitazone 3.33 CTO - II Sparfloxacin 3.33 CTO - I Tacrolimus 5 CTO - II Tadalafil 3.33 CTO - II Telmisartan 100 CTO - II Temozolamide 0.03 CTO - I Terbinafine HCl 133.33 CTO - III Tizanidine HCl 16.67 CTO - III Topotecan 0.07 CTO - I valganciclovir 0.03 CTO - I Vardenafil 3.33 CTO - II Voriconazole 8.33 CTO - III Ziprasidone Hydrochloride 100 CTO - I Zoledronic acid 0.33 CTO - III Zolmitriptan 0.83 CTO - I Zonisamide 0.03 CTO - II

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    https://www.pharmacompass.com/radio-compass-blog/dr-reddy-s-expansion-plans-for-api-production

    #Phispers by PHARMACOMPASS
    03 Apr 2015
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