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1. 1,4-benzenediol
2. 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
3. Artra
4. Beta-quinol
5. Eldopaque
6. Eldoquin
7. Esoterica
8. Hidroquilaude
9. Hidroquin
10. Hidroquinona Isdin
11. Hydroquinone, Copper (1+) Salt
12. Hydroquinone, Lead (2+) Salt (2:1)
13. Hydroquinone, Monocopper (2+) Salt
14. Licostrata
15. Lustra
16. Melanasa
17. Melanex
18. Melpaque
19. Melquin
20. Neostrata Hq
21. P-benzenediol
22. Phiaquin
23. Solaquin
24. Ultraquin
1. Benzene-1,4-diol
2. 1,4-benzenediol
3. 123-31-9
4. Quinol
5. 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
6. P-benzenediol
7. P-hydroquinone
8. P-hydroxyphenol
9. 4-hydroxyphenol
10. P-dihydroxybenzene
11. Benzoquinol
12. Eldoquin
13. Hydroquinol
14. Eldopaque
15. Phiaquin
16. P-dioxybenzene
17. Solaquin Forte
18. Dihydroquinone
19. Hydroquinole
20. Idrochinone
21. Tecquinol
22. Benzohydroquinone
23. Arctuvin
24. Hidroquinone
25. Tequinol
26. Dihydroxybenzene
27. Eldopaque Forte
28. Eldoquin Forte
29. Derma-blanch
30. Tenox Hq
31. Hydrochinon
32. Hydrochinone
33. Artra
34. Diak 5
35. Benzene, P-dihydroxy-
36. 1,4-dihydroxy-benzol
37. Usaf Ek-356
38. 1,4-diidrobenzene
39. Nci-c55834
40. P-dioxobenzene
41. 1,4-dihydroxybenzen
42. Black And White Bleaching Cream
43. Para-dioxybenzene
44. Para-hydroquinone
45. Pyrogentistic Acid
46. 1,4-dihydroxy-benzeen
47. He 5
48. Para-dihydroxybenzene
49. Melanex
50. Idrochinone [italian]
51. Hydrochinon [czech, Polish]
52. 1,4-dihydroxybenzen [czech]
53. 1,4-diidrobenzene [italian]
54. 1,4-dihydroxy-benzeen [dutch]
55. 1,4-dihydroxy-benzol [german]
56. Chebi:17594
57. Nsc 9247
58. Un2662
59. Hydroquinone [usp]
60. Ai3-00072
61. Nsc-9247
62. Mfcd00002339
63. Hq
64. Chembl537
65. Xv74c1n1ae
66. 1,4-benzenediol, Homopolymer
67. Dtxsid7020716
68. Hydroquinone [un2662] [poison]
69. Hydroquinone (usp)
70. Ncgc00015523-02
71. Beta-quinol
72. Dsstox_cid_716
73. Para-hydroxyphenol
74. Dsstox_rid_75754
75. Dsstox_gsid_20716
76. Eldopacque
77. Hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol)
78. Epiquin
79. Sunvanish
80. P Benzendiol
81. P-dihydroquinone
82. Alpha-hydroquinone
83. 26982-52-5
84. Cas-123-31-9
85. Smr000059154
86. Ccris 714
87. 1,4-hydroxybenzene
88. Hsdb 577
89. Sr-01000075920
90. 4-dihydroxybenzene
91. Einecs 204-617-8
92. Unii-xv74c1n1ae
93. Hydroquinon
94. Hydroquinoue
95. Hydroq Uinone
96. Hydroquinone Gr
97. A-hydroquinone
98. Black & White Bleaching Cream
99. P-hydroxybenzene
100. B-quinol
101. 4-benzenediol
102. Hydroquinone, Hq
103. .beta.-quinol
104. 1,4 Benzenediol
105. Hydroquinone,(s)
106. P-dihydroxy Benzene
107. Hqe
108. Hydroquinone Polymer
109. Plq
110. Artra (salt/mix)
111. 1, 4-benzenediol
112. Hydrop
113. .alpha.-hydroquinone
114. Phenol Derivative, 4
115. 4-hydroxyphenyl Alcohol
116. Spectrum_001757
117. 4e3h
118. Specplus_000769
119. 1,4-dihydrobenzoquinone
120. Eldoquin (tn)
121. Hydroquinone For Synthesis
122. Spectrum2_001672
123. Spectrum3_000656
124. Spectrum4_000633
125. Spectrum5_001430
126. Hydroquinone [mi]
127. Lopac-h-9003
128. Wln: Qr Dq
129. Bmse000293
130. Epitope Id:116206
131. Ec 204-617-8
132. Hydroquinone [hsdb]
133. Hydroquinone [iarc]
134. Hydroquinone [inci]
135. Hydroquinone [vandf]
136. 1,4-dihydroxybenzene Quinol
137. Lopac0_000577
138. Schembl15516
139. Bspbio_002291
140. Hydroquinone [mart.]
141. Kbiogr_001246
142. Kbioss_002237
143. 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, Xiii
144. Mls000069815
145. Mls001074911
146. Bidd:er0340
147. Divk1c_006865
148. Hydroquinone [usp-rs]
149. Hydroquinone [who-dd]
150. Hydroquinone, Lr, >=99%
151. Spectrum1504237
152. Hydrochinon(czech, Polish)
153. Spbio_001883
154. Bdbm26190
155. Hydroquinone, Puriss., 99.0%
156. Kbio1_001809
157. Kbio2_002237
158. Kbio2_004805
159. Kbio2_007373
160. Kbio3_001511
161. Nsc9247
162. Benzene-1,4-diol (hydroquinone)
163. Hms1922h15
164. Hms2093e08
165. Hms3261d16
166. Hydroquinone [orange Book]
167. Pharmakon1600-01504237
168. Hy-b0951
169. Zinc5133378
170. Hydroquinone [usp Monograph]
171. Tox21_110169
172. Tox21_202345
173. Tox21_300015
174. Tox21_500577
175. Ccg-39082
176. Nsc758707
177. S4580
178. Stk397446
179. Akos000119003
180. Tox21_110169_1
181. Tri-luma Component Hydroquinone
182. Am10548
183. Db09526
184. Lp00577
185. Nsc-758707
186. Sdccgsbi-0050559.p003
187. Un 2662
188. Hydroquinone 100 Microg/ml In Methanol
189. Hydroquinone, Reagentplus(r), >=99%
190. Hydroquinone, Usp, 99.0-100.5%
191. Ncgc00015523-01
192. Ncgc00015523-03
193. Ncgc00015523-04
194. Ncgc00015523-05
195. Ncgc00015523-06
196. Ncgc00015523-07
197. Ncgc00015523-08
198. Ncgc00015523-09
199. Ncgc00015523-10
200. Ncgc00015523-11
201. Ncgc00015523-12
202. Ncgc00015523-13
203. Ncgc00015523-19
204. Ncgc00090880-01
205. Ncgc00090880-02
206. Ncgc00090880-03
207. Ncgc00090880-04
208. Ncgc00090880-05
209. Ncgc00254037-01
210. Ncgc00259894-01
211. Ncgc00261262-01
212. Bp-21160
213. Da-33570
214. Hydroquinone Component Of Tri-luma
215. Hydroquinone, Reagentplus(r), >=99.5%
216. Sbi-0050559.p002
217. Hydroquinone, Saj First Grade, >=99.0%
218. Eu-0100577
219. Ft-0606877
220. H0186
221. Hydroquinone, Saj Special Grade, >=99.0%
222. Hydroquinone, Meets Usp Testing Specifications
223. C00530
224. D00073
225. H 9003
226. Ab00053361_08
227. Quinol; 1,4-benzenediol; 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
228. Q419164
229. Butylhydroxyanisole Impurity A [ep Impurity]
230. J-004910
231. J-521469
232. Sr-01000075920-1
233. Sr-01000075920-4
234. Q27102742
235. Z57127551
236. 094caddb-59bf-4edf-b278-59791b203ea2
237. F1908-0167
238. Hydroquinone, Certified Reference Material, Tracecert(r)
239. Hydroquinone, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard
240. Hydroquinone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
| Molecular Weight | 110.11 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C6H6O2 |
| XLogP3 | 0.6 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 110.036779430 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 110.036779430 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 40.5 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 8 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 54.9 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
For the gradual temporary bleaching of hyperpigmented skin conditions such as chloasma, melasma, freckles, senile lentigines, and other unwanted areas of melanin hyperpigmentation.
Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3264
TRI-LUMA Cream is a combination of fluocinolone acetonide (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens. /Included in US product label/
US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Tri-Luma (fluocinolone acetonide, hydroquinone, and tretinoin) (April 2014). Available from, as of November 12, 2014: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=8729
This medication is for external use only. A mild transient stinging may occur in people with sensitive skin. Do not use on broken or irritated skin. Discontinue use if irritation or rush occurs. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes. In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3265
To evaluate possible susceptibility to irritation, or sensitivity, each patient should begin with applying the medication to a small portion of unbroken skin at or near the pigmented area (approx 1 sq cm) over a period of several days. If no irritation occurs within 24 hr, begin treatment. Minor redness is not necessarily a contraindication, but treatment should be discontinued if itching, excessive inflammation, or vesicle formation occurs. Use of hydroquinone products in paranasal and infraorbital areas increase the chance of irritation. If no improvement is seen after 2 mo of treatment, use of this product should be discontinued.
Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3265
Sunscreen use is an essential aspect of hydroquinone therapy since even minimal sunlight exposure stimulates melanocyte activity. The sunscreens in some hydroquinone products provide the necessary sun protection during skin bleaching activity. During the depigmentation maintenance treatment subsequent to the intensive depigmentation therapy, sun exposure of the bleached skin should be avoided to prevent repigmentation.
Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3265
Concurent use of peroxide may result in transient dark staining of skin ares due to oxidation of hydroquinone. Staining can be removed by discontinuing concurrent use and by normal soap cleansing.
Drug Facts and Comparisons 2013. Wolters Kluwer Health St. Louis, MO 2013, p. 3265
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for HYDROQUINONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Fatal cases have been reported after ingestion of 5 to 12 g.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 2591
Hydroquinone is used as an OTC topical lightening agent for disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmention, sunspots and freckles.
FDA Label
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. (See all compounds classified as Antioxidants.)
Mutagens
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)
Radiation-Protective Agents
Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other purposes, e.g. military. (See all compounds classified as Radiation-Protective Agents.)
D - Dermatologicals
D11 - Other dermatological preparations
D11A - Other dermatological preparations
D11AX - Other dermatologicals
D11AX11 - Hydroquinone
A toxicology review of hydroquinone noted several reports indicating relatively rapid absorption of hydroquinone via the oral route, including a study involving rats that ingested 3% hydroquinone in developer solution. In addition, in CD and F344 rats dosed with 350 mg/kg, >90% absorption was measured in blood levels, with peak levels observed within 1 hr.[DHHS/NTP: Nomination Profile Hydroquinone
123-31-9]. Supporting Information for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. p.10 (2009). Available from, as of November 12, 2014: https://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
Following intravenous (iv) administration of radiolabeled hydroquinone, radioactivity (either hydroquinone or a metabolite) was detected within 2 hr in bone marrow and thymus of rats given 1.2-12 mg/kg. Radioactivity was also detected in the liver and bone marrow of these rats up to 24 hr. Whether given in single or repeated oral doses, radioactivity was found in various rat tissues, with the highest concentrations in the liver and kidneys. Following i.v. administration of radiolabeled hydroquinone in dogs, radioactivity was found in the skin, liver, and intestine. When mice were administered 75 mg/kg radiolabeled hydroquinone by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, radioactivity was detected covalently bound to proteins in the liver, kidneys, blood, and bone marrow, with 10-fold higher specific activity in the liver than in the bone marrow...[DHHS/NTP: Nomination Profile Hydroquinone
123-31-9]. Supporting Information for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. p.12 (2009). Available from, as of November 12, 2014: https://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
When 2% [(14)C]-hydroquinone was administered to human forearms (n = 4 males) in an unspecified cream, hydroquinone moved rapidly and continuously into the stratum corneum and radiolabel was detected in plasma samples within 0.5 hr. Over an 8 hr plasma sampling period, hydroquinone levels peaked at 4 hr (0.04 equivalents/ mL). Following application of the 2% cream on the foreheads of 6 male volunteers for 24 hr, the recovery of hydroquinone in urine was 45.3% (SD = 11.2%).[DHHS/NTP: Nomination Profile Hydroquinone
123-31-9]. Supporting Information for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. p.11 (2009). Available from, as of November 12, 2014: https://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
Human absorption of hydroquinone upon topical application is less efficient than with oral administration. When absorption was measured as elimination 10 of hydroquinone via urine following application (2.0% in alcohol) to the foreheads of human volunteers (6 males per preparation) for 24 hr, the average percutaneous absorption reported was 57% (SD = 11%) with peak elimination within 12 hr and complete elimination by 5 days. The addition of a sunscreen (3.0% Escalol 507) significantly decreased the absorption (26%, SD = 14%), and the addition of a penetration enhancer (0.5% Azone) did not significantly increase absorption in the presence or absence of the sunscreen (35%, SD = 17% and 66%, SD = 13%, respectively).[DHHS/NTP: Nomination Profile Hydroquinone
123-31-9]. Supporting Information for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. p.10-11 (2009). Available from, as of November 12, 2014: https://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for HYDROQUINONE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Hydroquinone is absorbed through the skin and metabolized primarily to sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, which are excreted in the urine.[DHHS/NTP: Nomination Profile Hydroquinone
123-31-9]. Supporting Information for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. p.2 (2009). Available from, as of November 12, 2014: https://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
Absolute recovery of approximately 45 ng (18%) of hydroquinone as microsomal metabolite of benzene was determined.
ROSTON DA, KISSINGER PT; ANAL CHEM 54 (11): 1798 (1982)
/This study/ investigated the metabolism of hydroquinone in naive and hydroquinone pretreated male Sprague-Dawley rats. (14)C hydroquinone was administered by gavage in single doses of 5, 30, or 200 mg/kg to naive rats. Hydroquinone was given repeatedly by gavage to male rats at 200 mg/kg for 4 consecutive days followed by a single dose with 200 mg/kg of (14)C hydroquinone. In separate studies rats were fed 5.6% unlabeled hydroquinone in the diet for 2 days or were dosed by gavage with 311 mg/kg (14)C hydroquinone. The excretion patterns of (14)C hydroquinone and its metabolites were similar for rats dosed singly or repeatedly. Rats given a single dose of 200 mg/kg of (14)C hydroquinone excreted 91.9% of the dose in the urine within 2-4 days; 3.8% was excreted in the feces, about 0.4% was excreted in expired air, and 1.2% remained in the carcass. Radioactivity was widely distributed throughout the tissues with higher concentrations in the liver and kidneys. A decrease in (14)C tissue concentrations occurred from 48 to 96 hr. The only radiolabeled compounds in the urine were hydroquinone (1.1-8.6% of the dose), hydroquinone monosulfate (25-42%), and hydroquinone monoglucuronide (56-66%). Similar findings were observed for rats given hydroquinone in the feed. There were no significant increases from controls for absolute or relative liver weights, liver microsomal protein concentrations, cytochrome b-5, cytochrome P450 or cytochrome c reductase activity in rats dosed repeatedly with 200 mg/kg hydroquinone. Cytochrome P450 values were slightly but significantly decreased in rats dosed repeatedly with hydroquinone compared with controls.
Divincenzo GD et al; Toxicol 33 (1): 9-18 (1984)
The metabolite 2-(S-glutathionyl)hydroquinone is formed when a microsomal incubation mixture containing either benzene or phenol is supplemented with glutathione. This metabolite is derived from the conjugation of benzoquinone, an oxidation product of hydroquinone. However, neither the glutathione conjugate or its mercapturate, N-acetyl-S-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-cysteine, have been identified as metabolites resulting from in vivo metabolism of benzene, phenol, or hydroquinone. To determine if a hydroxylated mercapturate is produced in vivo, we treated male Sprague-Dawley rats with either benzene (600 mg/kg), phenol (75 mg/kg), or hydroquinone (75 mg/kg) and collected the urine for 24 hr. HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection confirmed the presence of a metabolite that was chromatographically and electrochemically identical to N-acetyl-S-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-cysteine. The metabolite was isolated from the urine samples and treated with diazomethane to form the N-acetyl-S-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-L-cysteine methyl ester derivative. The mass spectra obtained from these samples were identical to that of an authentic sample of the derivative. The results of these experiments indicate that benzene, phenol, and hydroquinone are metabolized in vivo to benzoquinone and excreted as the mercapturate, N-acetyl-S-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-L- cysteine.
PMID:1981544 Nerland DE, Pierce WM Jr; Drug Metab Dispos 18 (6): 958-61 (1990)
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for HYDROQUINONE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Hydroquinone is a known human metabolite of phenol.
S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560
/Hydroquinone was administered alone and in combination with phenol at 75 mg/kg each to B6C3F1 mice/. The half-life of hydroquinone was increased from 9 +/- 2 to 15 +/- 3 min /when phenol was administered in combination with hydroquinone/.
PMID:8291054 Legathe A et al; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 124 (1): 131-8 (1994)
Hydroquinone reduces melanin pigment production through inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme, which is involved in the initial step of the melanin pigment biosynthesis pathway. Hydroquinone takes several months to take effect.
Benzene is a well-established human carcinogen. Benzene metabolites hydroquinone (HQ) and benzoquinone (BQ) are highly reactive molecules capable of producing reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative stress. /This study/ investigated the role of the Nrf2, a key nuclear transcription factor that regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-containing genes, in defense against HQ- and BQ-induced cytotoxicity in cultured human lung epithelial cells (Beas-2B). When the cells were exposed to HQ or BQ the activity of an ARE reporter was induced in a dose-dependent manner, meanwhile Nrf2 protein levels were elevated and accumulated in the nucleus. Increased expression of well-known Nrf2-dependent proteins including NQO1, GCLM, GSS and HMOX was also observed in the HQ/BQ-treated cells. Moreover, transient overexpression of Nrf2 conferred protection against HQ- and BQ-induced cell death, whereas knockdown of Nrf2 by small interfering RNA resulted in increased apoptosis. /This study/ also found that the increased susceptibility of Nrf2-knockdown cells to HQ and BQ was associated with reduced glutathione levels and loss of inducibility of ARE-driven genes, suggesting that deficiency of Nrf2 impairs cellular redox capacity to counteract oxidative damage. Altogether, these results suggest that Nrf2-ARE pathway is essential for protection against HQ- and BQ-induced toxicity.
PMID:21059386 Rubio V et al; Toxicol In Vitro. 25(2):521-9. (2011).
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