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    Chemistry

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    Also known as: 94-36-0, Peroxide, dibenzoyl, Dibenzoyl peroxide, Benzoyl superoxide, Benzoperoxide, Acetoxyl
    Molecular Formula
    C14H10O4
    Molecular Weight
    242.23  g/mol
    InChI Key
    OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    FDA UNII
    W9WZN9A0GM
    Benzoyl Peroxide
    A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.
    1 2D Structure

    Benzoyl Peroxide

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/C14H10O4/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-18-14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OOC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
    2.2 Other Identifiers
    2.2.1 UNII
    W9WZN9A0GM
    2.3 Synonyms
    2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

    1. Benzoyl Superoxide

    2. Dibenzoyl Peroxide

    3. Diphenylglyoxal Superoxide

    4. Panoxyl

    5. Peroxide, Benzoyl

    6. Peroxide, Dibenzoyl

    7. Superoxide, Benzoyl

    8. Superoxide, Diphenylglyoxal

    2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. 94-36-0

    2. Peroxide, Dibenzoyl

    3. Dibenzoyl Peroxide

    4. Benzoyl Superoxide

    5. Benzoperoxide

    6. Acetoxyl

    7. Benoxyl

    8. Lucidol

    9. Panoxyl

    10. Benzol Peroxide

    11. Dibenzoylperoxid

    12. Benzoylperoxid

    13. Asidopan

    14. Persadox

    15. Benzac

    16. Eloxyl

    17. Mytolac

    18. Oxylite

    19. Diphenylglyoxal Peroxide

    20. Resdan Akne

    21. Epi-clear

    22. Persa-gel

    23. Akneroxid 5

    24. Dry And Clear

    25. Duresthin 5

    26. Benzoyl Benzenecarboperoxoate

    27. Luperco Ast

    28. Nayper Bo

    29. Benzoylperoxyde

    30. Loroxide

    31. Theraderm

    32. Dibenzoylperoxyde

    33. Peroxyde De Benzoyle

    34. Lucidol B 50

    35. Lucidol G 20

    36. Perossido Di Benzoile

    37. Benzoylperoxide

    38. Benzoic Acid, Peroxide

    39. Acnegel

    40. Benzaknen

    41. Brevoxyl

    42. Debroxide

    43. Desanden

    44. Incidol

    45. Novadelox

    46. Vanoxide

    47. Garox

    48. Topex

    49. Xerac

    50. Luperox Fl

    51. Akneroxide L

    52. Cadox Bs

    53. Quinolor Compound

    54. Desquam E

    55. Benzac W

    56. Clear By Design

    57. Luperco Aa

    58. Cadox B

    59. Nayper B And Bo

    60. Aztec Bpo

    61. Benzagel 10

    62. Lucidol (peroxide)

    63. Benzagel

    64. Benzashave

    65. Cadox 40e

    66. Norox Bzp-250

    67. Norox Bzp-c-35

    68. Desquam X

    69. Desquam-x

    70. Acne-aid Cream

    71. Benbel C

    72. Cadat Bpo

    73. Lucidol-70

    74. Aksil 5

    75. Lucidol 50p

    76. Lucidol Kl 50

    77. Oxy-10 Cover

    78. Superox 744

    79. Chaloxyd Bp 50ft

    80. Abcat 40

    81. Benox 50

    82. Diphenylperoxyanhydride

    83. Benzoic Peroxyanhydride

    84. Cadox B 40e

    85. Cadox B 50p

    86. Cadox B 70w

    87. Oxy 5

    88. Oxy-5

    89. Cadox B-ch 50

    90. Fostex Bpo

    91. Phisoac Bp

    92. Xerac Bp

    93. Benzoyl Peroxide [usan]

    94. Benoxyl (5&10) Lotion

    95. Epi Clear Antiseptic Lotion

    96. Stri-dex B.p.

    97. Peroxyderm

    98. Benzaknew

    99. Benzoyl

    100. Bzf-60

    101. Dermoxyl

    102. Luzidol

    103. Nericur

    104. Oxy-10

    105. Peroxydex

    106. Preoxydex

    107. Sanoxit

    108. Superox

    109. Benzoylperoxid [german]

    110. Cadet

    111. Benzoyl-peroxide

    112. Dibenzoylperoxide

    113. Benzoyl Peroxyde

    114. Akneroxid L

    115. Dibenzoylperoxid [german]

    116. Clearasil Antibacterial Acne Lotion

    117. Lucidol 75fp

    118. Oxy-l

    119. Component Of Oxy-5

    120. Component Of Vanoxide

    121. Xerac Bp 5

    122. Bpo

    123. Oxy Wash

    124. Xerac Bp 10

    125. Nsc-671

    126. Nsc-675

    127. Ins No.928

    128. Abcure S-40-25

    129. Anhydrous Benzoyl Peroxide

    130. Benzoyl Peroxide Anhydrous

    131. W9wzn9a0gm

    132. Clearasil Bp Acne Treatment

    133. Ins-928

    134. Nsc671

    135. Chebi:82405

    136. Clearasil Benzoyl Peroxide Lotion

    137. Nsc 675

    138. Ncgc00159380-02

    139. Ncgc00159380-05

    140. Benzoylperoxid (german)

    141. Wln: Rvoovr

    142. Benzoyl Peroxide (usan)

    143. Dibenzoylperoxid (german)

    144. E-928

    145. Dsstox_cid_1072

    146. Novadelox (18% Benzoyl Peroxide, 78% Calcium Sulphate, 4% Magnesium Carbonate)

    147. Dsstox_rid_77460

    148. Dsstox_gsid_24591

    149. Benprox

    150. Benzefoam

    151. Lavoclen

    152. Benzoylperoxyde [dutch]

    153. Pacnex

    154. Neobenz Micro

    155. Dibenzoylperoxyde [dutch]

    156. Peroxide, Benzoyl

    157. Cas-94-36-0

    158. Ccris 630

    159. Stri-dex B.p

    160. Superoxide, Benzoyl

    161. Benzoyl Peroxide Gel

    162. Peroxyde De Benzoyle [french]

    163. Hsdb 372

    164. Perossido Di Benzoile [italian]

    165. Nsc 671

    166. B 75w

    167. Clearasil Bp Acne Treatment Cream

    168. Diphenylglyoxal Superoxide

    169. Einecs 202-327-6

    170. Unii-w9wzn9a0gm

    171. Superoxide, Diphenylglyoxal

    172. Thermaderm

    173. G 20

    174. Lucilite

    175. Lucipal

    176. Novadeiox

    177. Periygel

    178. Peroxyl

    179. Presadox

    180. Bezoyl Peroxide

    181. Florox

    182. Benzoyl Peroide

    183. Bepio

    184. Silica Hydrogel

    185. Triaz

    186. Benzoyl Peroxide [usan:usp]

    187. Luperco A

    188. Di-benzoylperoxide

    189. Dibenzoy Lperoxide

    190. Dibenzoyl Peroxyde

    191. Dibenzoyl-peroxide

    192. Lucidol Gs

    193. Lucidol Rm

    194. Luperco Ac

    195. Luperco Afr

    196. Bzoobz

    197. Nyper B

    198. Bis Benzoylperoxide

    199. Bisbenzoyl Peroxide

    200. Cadox Bta

    201. Nyper Bmt

    202. Di-benzoyl Peroxide

    203. Perkadox 20s

    204. Cuticura Acne Cream

    205. Lucidol 70

    206. Lucidol 78

    207. Lucidol-78

    208. Luperox A98

    209. Mfcd00003071

    210. Bbpo

    211. Epsolay

    212. Bepio (tn)

    213. Benzagel (salt/mix)

    214. Benzoyl Dioxide

    215. Luperco Afr-250

    216. Sulfoxyl (salt/mix)

    217. Cadet Bpo 78w

    218. Cadet Bpo-70w

    219. Cadox Bpo-w40

    220. Cadox Btw-50

    221. Benzoyl Peroxide(usan)

    222. Benzoyl Peroxide [1]

    223. Benzoyl Peroxide [2]

    224. Benzoyl Peroxide [3]

    225. Benzoyl Peroxide [4]

    226. Benzoyl Peroxide [5]

    227. Benzoyl Peroxide [6]

    228. Benzoyl Peroxide [7]

    229. Benzoyl Peroxide [8]

    230. Benzoyl Peroxide [9]

    231. Hydrous Benzoyl Peroxide

    232. Benzoyl Peroxide, Usan

    233. Xerac Bp (salt/mix)

    234. Acetoxyl 2.5 And 5

    235. Benzoyl Peroxide (usp)

    236. Diphenylperoxyanhydride #

    237. Schembl63

    238. Triaz;dibenzoyl Peroxide

    239. Fostex Bpo (salt/mix)

    240. Aztec Benzoyl Peroxide-dry

    241. Ec 202-327-6

    242. Benzoylis Peroxidum Cum Aqua

    243. Benzoyl Peroxide (jan/usp)

    244. Mls000028899

    245. Benzoyl Peroxide [mi]

    246. Bidd:gt0840

    247. Benzoyl Peroxide (wet)

    248. Benzoyl Peroxide [fcc]

    249. Benzoyl Peroxide [jan]

    250. Aztec Benzoyl Peroxide-70-77

    251. Nsc675

    252. Zinc1016

    253. Benzoyl Peroxide [hsdb]

    254. Benzoyl Peroxide [iarc]

    255. Benzoyl Peroxide [inci]

    256. Benzoyl Peroxide [vandf]

    257. Chembl1200370

    258. Dtxsid6024591

    259. Benzoyl Peroxide [mart.]

    260. Benzoyl Peroxide, Remainder Water

    261. Fostex Bpo Bar, Gel, And Wash

    262. Benzoyl Peroxide [who-dd]

    263. Component Of Vanoxide (salt/mix)

    264. Hms2092f22

    265. Pharmakon1600-01503004

    266. Phenylcarbonyl Benzenecarboperoxoate

    267. Na 2085 (dot)

    268. Un 2085 (dot)

    269. Idp-126 Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    270. Tox21_111619

    271. Benzoyl Peroxide (luperox(r) A75)

    272. Benzoyl Peroxide (luperox(r) A98)

    273. Br1012

    274. Nsc758205

    275. Benzoyl Peroxide (luperox(r) A70s)

    276. Akos000120600

    277. Benzenecarboperoxoic Acid Benzoyl Ester

    278. Benzoyl Peroxide [orange Book]

    279. Duac Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    280. Tox21_111619_1

    281. Benzoyl Peroxide (luperox(r) A75fp)

    282. Benzoyl Peroxide [usp Impurity]

    283. Ccg-213090

    284. Db09096

    285. Nsc-758205

    286. Sc10147

    287. Un 2086

    288. Un 2088

    289. Acanya Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    290. Epiduo Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    291. Twyneo Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    292. Ncgc00159380-03

    293. Ncgc00159380-04

    294. 2685-64-5

    295. Benzoyl Peroxide Component Of Duac

    296. Bp-21236

    297. E928

    298. Hydrous Benzoyl Peroxide [who-ip]

    299. Smr000058568

    300. W 75

    301. Benzaclin Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    302. Sbi-0206719.p001

    303. Benzamycin Component Benzoyl Peroxide

    304. Benzoyl Peroxide Component Of Acanya

    305. Benzoyl Peroxide Component Of Epiduo

    306. Benzoyl Peroxide Component Of Twyneo

    307. Db-022598

    308. B3152

    309. Benzoyl Peroxide, Blend In Dibutyl Phthalate

    310. Benzoyl Peroxide Component Of Benzaclin

    311. Benzoyl Peroxide, Blend In Tricresyl Phosphate

    312. Benzoyl Peroxide Component Of Benzamycin

    313. C19346

    314. D03093

    315. Ab01562988_01

    316. Benzoyl Peroxide, For Synthesis, 72.0-80.0%

    317. Hydrous Benzoyl Peroxide [usp Monograph]

    318. Mixture Of Dibenzoyl Peroxide And Calcium Sulfate

    319. A844933

    320. Mixture Of Dibenzoyl Peroxide And Calcium Sulphate

    321. Q411424

    322. Sr-05000001817

    323. Benzoylis Peroxidum Cum Aqua [who-ip Latin]

    324. Sr-05000001817-1

    325. Brd-k59986511-001-02-3

    326. Benzoyl Peroxide, 97% (dry Wt.), Wet With 25% Water

    327. Benzoyl Peroxide, Saj First Grade, >=98.0% Dry Basis

    328. F0001-2260

    329. Luperox(r) A75, Benzoyl Peroxide 75%, Remainder Water

    330. Luperox(r) A70s, Benzoyl Peroxide, 70%, Remainder Water

    331. Luperox(r) A75, Benzoyl Peroxide, 75%, Remainder Water

    332. Luperox(r) A98, Benzoyl Peroxide, Reagent Grade, >=98%

    333. Benzoyl Peroxide Blend With Dicyclohexyl Phthalate, Technical, ~50% (t)

    334. Luperox(r) Atc50, Benzoyl Peroxide, ~50 Wt. % In Tricresyl Phosphate

    335. Luperox(r) Afr40, Benzoyl Peroxide Solution, 40 Wt. % In Dibutyl Phthalate

    336. Benzoyl Peroxide Blend With Dicyclohexyl Phthalate, Suitable For Use As A Catalyst For Electron Microscopy. Modified To Render It Safe In Transit.

    337. Luperox(r) A75fp, Benzoyl Peroxide, 75% Remainder Water, Contains 25 Wt. % Water As Stabilizer, 75%

    2.4 Create Date
    2005-03-26
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 242.23 g/mol
    Molecular Formula C14H10O4
    XLogP33.5
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
    Rotatable Bond Count5
    Exact Mass242.05790880 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass242.05790880 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area52.6 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count18
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity258
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Therapeutic Uses

    MEDICATION (VET): Keratolytic.

    O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 197

    Its principal use is in the treatment of mild acne vulgaris (in which it is comedolytic) and acne rosacea, but it also is used in the treatment of decubital and stasis ulcers.

    Troy, D.B. (Ed); Remmington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 21 st Edition. Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia, PA 2005, p. 1288

    Three multicenter, randomized, double blind, parallel-group, placebo controlled studies involving 3,855 subjects established the safety and efficacy of an adapalene benzoyl peroxide topical gel in the treatment of acne for all skin types. The data from these 3 studies were pooled and the subgroup of self-identified black subjects was analyzed separately. Significantly more black subjects had IGA success with adapalene-BPO than with vehicle at week 12. Significantly more black subjects also had decreased total, inflammatory, and noninflammatory lesion counts with adapalene-BPO that were seen as early as week 1. Adapalene-BPO was well tolerated in the black subjects included in this analysis and no cases of treatment-related PIH were observed. Similar results were obtained for this subgroup as the overall population from the 3 studies. Based on the results from this analysis, adapalene-BPO is a safe and effective treatment for acne in black skin. /Adapalene-BPO/

    PMID:24509968 Alexis AF et al; J Drugs Dermatol 13 (2): 170-4 (2014)

    /The study objective was to/ compare the safety and efficacy of 1% and 5% silica encapsulated benzoyl peroxide (E-BPO) in patients with papulopustular rosacea. /This was a/ multi-centered randomized, double blind, vehicle controlled parallel group, 12 week treatment in 92 patients with papulopustular rosacea. Primary endpoints were dichotomized IGA with success defined as clear/near clear and reduction in inflammatory lesions. /The study included/ 92 patients: 74% graded as moderate IGA, 14% severe and 12% mild. The mean inflammatory lesion count was 24. /The intervention was/ once daily treatment for 12 weeks with vehicle, 1% or 5% E-BPO. 1% and 5% E-BPO were superior to vehicle in reducing papulopustular lesions P =0.01 and P =0.02. 5% E-BPO was superior to vehicle for IGA P =0.0013.

    PMID:24918558 Leyden JJ; J Drugs Dermatol 13 (6): 685-8 (2014)

    For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

    4.2 Drug Warning

    Benzoyl peroxide should not be applied under an occlusive dressing, because it is a potent experimental contact sensitizer (delayed hypersensitivity). ... When hypersensitivity is suspected, patch tests may be performed with a freshly prepared 5% concentration in petrolatum or diluted commercial product.

    American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1994., p. 1201

    Contact hypersensitivity is observed in 1% to 3% of patients under conditions of recommended use.

    American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1994., p. 1201

    4.3 Minimum/Potential Fatal Human Dose

    3. 3= Moderately toxic: Probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg, between 1 oz and 1 pint (or 1 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb).

    Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. II-75

    4.4 Drug Indication

    Benzoyl peroxide is formulated with antibiotics such as [erythromycin] and [clindamycin] for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Benzoyl peroxide is formulated as a number of topical products for the treatment of acne. Benzoyl peroxide is also indicated in combination with [tretinoin] for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients aged nine years and older.

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 Pharmacology

    Benzoyl peroxide is a topical treatment for acne that generates free radicals to break down comedones and increase the rate of epithelial cell turnover. It has a short duration of action as its active free radical metabolites quickly react to form inactive metabolites. The therapeutic index is wide, as overdoses are rare, however patients may still experience skin peeling. Patients should be counselled regarding increased risks of skin irritation, dryness, and sunburn.

    5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

    Dermatologic Agents

    Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. (See all compounds classified as Dermatologic Agents.)

    5.3 ATC Code

    D10AE01

    S76 | LUXPHARMA | Pharmaceuticals Marketed in Luxembourg | Pharmaceuticals marketed in Luxembourg, as published by d'Gesondheetskeess (CNS, la caisse nationale de sante, www.cns.lu), mapped by name to structures using CompTox by R. Singh et al. (in prep.). List downloaded from https://cns.public.lu/en/legislations/textes-coordonnes/liste-med-comm.html. Dataset DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4587355

    D - Dermatologicals

    D10 - Anti-acne preparations

    D10A - Anti-acne preparations for topical use

    D10AE - Peroxides

    D10AE01 - Benzoyl peroxide

    5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

    Absorption

    In a sample of excised skin, 1.9% of a radiolabelled topical dose fully penetrates the skin, and 2.6% remains in the skin. The radiolabelled dose that fully penetrates the skin is recovered as benzoic acid, while the dose in the skin is approximately half benzoic acid and half benzoyl peroxide. 95.5% of a radiolabelled dose is not absorbed or metabolized after 8 hours.

    Route of Elimination

    Benzoyl peroxide's metabolite benzoic acid, is eliminated in the urine. Data regarding fecal elimination is not readily available.

    Approximately one-half of a dose of benzoyl peroxide is absorbed to some extent after topical application to the forearm of primates ... .

    American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1994., p. 1201

    Skin absorption of benzoyl peroxide from a topical lotion containing freely dispersed drug was compared with that from the same lotion in which the drug was entrapped in a controlled-release styrene-divinylbenzene polymer system. In an in vitro diffusion system, statistically significant (p = 0.01) differences were found in the content of benzoyl peroxide in excised human skin and in percutaneous absorption. In vivo, significantly (p = 0.002) less benzoyl peroxide was absorbed through rhesus monkey skin from the polymeric system. This controlled release of benzoyl peroxide to skin can alter the dose relation that exists between efficacy and skin irritation. Corresponding studies showed reduced skin irritation in cumulative irritancy studies in rabbits and human beings, whereas in vivo human antimicrobial efficacy studies showed that application of the formulations containing entrapped benzoyl peroxide significantly reduced counts of Propionibacterium acnes (p less than 0.001) and aerobic bacteria (p less than 0.001) and the free fatty acid/triglyceride ratio in skin lipids. These findings support the hypothesis that, at least for this drug, controlled topical delivery can enhance safety without sacrificing efficacy.

    PMID:1869643 Wester RC et al; J Am Acad Dermatol 24 (5 Pt 1): 720-6 (1991)

    The transepidermal penetration and metabolic disposition of (14)C-benzoyl peroxide were assessed in vitro (excised human skin) and in vivo (rhesus monkey). In vitro, the benzoyl peroxide penetrated into the skin, through the stratum corneum or the follicular openings, or both, and was recovered on the dermal side as benzoic acid. In vivo, benzoic acid was recovered from urine in amounts equivalent to 45% and 98% of the radiolabel following, respectively, topical and intramuscular administration of small amounts of (14)C-benzoyl peroxide. We conclude that benzoyl peroxide penetrates as such into the skin layers and is converted therein to benzoic acid, which, in turn is absorbed into the systemic circulation. Renal clearance of the metabolite is sufficiently rapid as to preclude its hepatic conjugation with glycine, since following topical administration to rhesus monkeys, no hippuric acid was found in the urine, as could have been expected had a significant amount of benzoic acid passed through the liver.

    PMID:7204686 Nacht S et al; J Am Acad Dermatol 4 (1): 31-7 (1981)

    The percutaneous penetration and the metabolism of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were assessed in vitro on human skin and in vivo on 5 patients with leg ulcers. The BPO in vitro absorbed by the skin was converted to benzoic acid preferably in the dermis. The portion penetrated through the skin was benzoic acid only. Also in patients treated with BPO, no BPO could be detected in the serum. These findings show that BPO as such is absorbed by the skin, but is systemically absorbed only after the metabolization to benzoic acid. Therefore a systemic-toxic effect in local therapy with BPO can be excluded.

    PMID:7200789 Morsches B, Holzmann H; Arzneimittelforsch 32 (3): 298-300 (1982)

    For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

    5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

    The peroxide bond of benzoyl peroxide is cleaved to form 2 benzoyloxy radicals. The benzyoyloxy radicals may interact with other molecules, forming benzoic acid; alternatively, benzoyloxy radicals can break down further to release carbon dioxide and a phenyl radical.

    Benzoic acid is a major metabolite.

    American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1994., p. 1201

    The transepidermal penetration and metabolic disposition of (14)C-benzoyl peroxide were assessed in vitro (excised human skin) and in vivo (rhesus monkey). In vitro, the benzoyl peroxide penetrated into the skin, through the stratum corneum or the follicular openings, or both, and was recovered on the dermal side as benzoic acid. In vivo, benzoic acid was recovered from urine in amounts equivalent to 45% and 98% of the radiolabel following, respectively, topical and intramuscular administration of small amounts of (14)C-benzoyl peroxide. We conclude that benzoyl peroxide penetrates as such into the skin layers and is converted therein to benzoic acid, which, in turn is absorbed into the systemic circulation. Renal clearance of the metabolite is sufficiently rapid as to preclude its hepatic conjugation with glycine, since following topical administration to rhesus monkeys, no hippuric acid was found in the urine, as could have been expected had a significant amount of benzoic acid passed through the liver.

    PMID:7204686 Nacht S et al; J Am Acad Dermatol 4 (1): 31-7 (1981)

    Benzoyl peroxide (BzPO) is both a tumor promoter and progressor in mouse skin; however, BzPO is neither an initiator nor a complete carcinogen in this tissue. Although not mutagenic, BzPO has been observed to produce strand breaks in DNA of exposed cells. These actions are presumed to be mediated by free-radical derivatives of BzPO. Previous studies suggested that the metabolism of BzPO in keratinocytes proceeds via the initial cleavage of the peroxide bond, yielding benzoyloxy radicals which, in turn, can either fragment to form phenyl radicals and carbon dioxide or abstract H atoms from biomolecules to yield benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is the major stable metabolite of BzPO produced by keratinocytes. In the present study we have investigated the role of BzPO and its metabolites in the generation of strand scissions in a cell-free system using phi X-174 plasmid DNA. In this system BzPO produced DNA damage that was dose-dependent over a concentration range of 0.1-1 mM and required the presence of copper but not other transition metals. By contrast, benoic acid did not produce DNA damage in this system, either in the presence or in the absence of copper. The inclusion of spin trapping agents, such as N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN), 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate, and nitrosobenzene, in incubations was found to significantly reduce the extent of DNA damage generated via the copper-mediated activation of BzPO. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies suggested that the primary radical trapped by PBN following copper-mediated decomposition of BzPO was the benzoyloxy radical.

    PMID:1782351 Swauger JE et al; Chem Res Toxicol 4 (2): 223-8 (1991)

    5.6 Biological Half-Life

    No reports found; [TDR, p. 174]

    TDR - Ryan RP, Terry CE, Leffingwell SS (eds). Toxicology Desk Reference: The Toxic Exposure and Medical Monitoring Index, 5th Ed. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis, 1999., p. 174

    5.7 Mechanism of Action

    Acne vulgaris is caused by inflammation in the pilosebaceous gland. Acne is generally caused by increased excretion of sebum from pilosebaceous glands, endocrine factors such as androgenic hormones, keratin developing around follicles, bacterial growth, and inflammation. These factors contribute to the formation of comedones (whiteheads and blackheads). The peroxide bond of benzoyl peroxide is cleaved to form 2 benzoyloxy radicals. These radicals interact nonspecifically with bacterial proteins, interfering with their function, and survival of the bacteria. Over time, free radical interactions with bacterial proteins lead to decreased keratin and sebum around follicles. Benzoyl peroxide can also increase the turnover rate of epithelial cells, leading to skin peeling, and breaking down comedones.

    DRUG PRODUCT COMPOSITIONS

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    DOSAGE - GEL;TOPICAL - 5%;3%

    USFDA APPLICATION NUMBER - 50557

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    DOSAGE - GEL;TOPICAL - 5%;1.2%

    USFDA APPLICATION NUMBER - 50741

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    DOSAGE - GEL;TOPICAL - 5%;EQ 1% BASE

    USFDA APPLICATION NUMBER - 50756

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    DOSAGE - GEL;TOPICAL - 5%;3%

    USFDA APPLICATION NUMBER - 50769

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    ABOUT THIS PAGE

    Looking for 94-36-0 / Benzoyl Peroxide API manufacturers, exporters & distributors?

    Benzoyl Peroxide manufacturers, exporters & distributors 1

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    PharmaCompass offers a list of Benzoyl Peroxide API manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by GMP, USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, Price,and more, enabling you to easily find the right Benzoyl Peroxide manufacturer or Benzoyl Peroxide supplier for your needs.

    Send us enquiries for free, and we will assist you in establishing a direct connection with your preferred Benzoyl Peroxide manufacturer or Benzoyl Peroxide supplier.

    PharmaCompass also assists you with knowing the Benzoyl Peroxide API Price utilized in the formulation of products. Benzoyl Peroxide API Price is not always fixed or binding as the Benzoyl Peroxide Price is obtained through a variety of data sources. The Benzoyl Peroxide Price can also vary due to multiple factors, including market conditions, regulatory modifications, or negotiated pricing deals.

    API | Excipient name

    Benzoyl Peroxide

    Synonyms

    94-36-0, Peroxide, dibenzoyl, Dibenzoyl peroxide, Benzoyl superoxide, Benzoperoxide, Acetoxyl

    Cas Number

    94-36-0

    Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)

    W9WZN9A0GM

    About Benzoyl Peroxide

    A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.

    Benzagel 10 Manufacturers

    A Benzagel 10 manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Benzagel 10, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Benzagel 10 manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Benzagel 10 API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

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    Benzagel 10 Suppliers

    A Benzagel 10 supplier is an individual or a company that provides Benzagel 10 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Benzagel 10 finished formulations upon request. The Benzagel 10 suppliers may include Benzagel 10 API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

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    Benzagel 10 USDMF

    A Benzagel 10 DMF (Drug Master File) is a document detailing the whole manufacturing process of Benzagel 10 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in detail. Different forms of Benzagel 10 DMFs exist exist since differing nations have different regulations, such as Benzagel 10 USDMF, ASMF (EDMF), JDMF, CDMF, etc.

    A Benzagel 10 DMF submitted to regulatory agencies in the US is known as a USDMF. Benzagel 10 USDMF includes data on Benzagel 10's chemical properties, information on the facilities and procedures used, and details about packaging and storage. The Benzagel 10 USDMF is kept confidential to protect the manufacturer’s intellectual property.

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    Benzagel 10 KDMF

    In Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is in charge of regulating pharmaceutical products and services.

    Pharmaceutical companies submit a Benzagel 10 Drug Master File in Korea (Benzagel 10 KDMF) to the MFDS, which includes comprehensive information about the production, processing, facilities, materials, packaging, and testing of Benzagel 10. The MFDS reviews the Benzagel 10 KDMF as part of the drug registration process and uses the information provided in the Benzagel 10 KDMF to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug.

    After submitting a Benzagel 10 KDMF to the MFDS, the registered manufacturer can provide importers or distributors with the registration number without revealing confidential information to Korean business partners. Applicants seeking to register their Benzagel 10 API can apply through the Korea Drug Master File (KDMF).

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    Benzagel 10 CEP

    A Benzagel 10 CEP of the European Pharmacopoeia monograph is often referred to as a Benzagel 10 Certificate of Suitability (COS). The purpose of a Benzagel 10 CEP is to show that the European Pharmacopoeia monograph adequately controls the purity of Benzagel 10 EP produced by a given manufacturer. Suppliers of raw materials can prove the suitability of Benzagel 10 to their clients by showing that a Benzagel 10 CEP has been issued for it. The manufacturer submits a Benzagel 10 CEP (COS) as part of the market authorization procedure, and it takes on the role of a Benzagel 10 CEP holder for the record. Additionally, the data presented in the Benzagel 10 CEP (COS) is managed confidentially and offers a centralized system acknowledged by numerous nations, exactly like the Benzagel 10 DMF.

    A Benzagel 10 CEP (COS) is recognised by all 36 nations that make up the European Pharmacopoeia Convention. Benzagel 10 CEPs may be accepted in nations that are not members of the Ph. Eur. at the discretion of the authorities there.

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    Benzagel 10 WC

    A Benzagel 10 written confirmation (Benzagel 10 WC) is an official document issued by a regulatory agency to a Benzagel 10 manufacturer, verifying that the manufacturing facility of a Benzagel 10 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations of the importing country. When exporting Benzagel 10 APIs or Benzagel 10 finished pharmaceutical products to another nation, regulatory agencies frequently require a Benzagel 10 WC (written confirmation) as part of the regulatory process.

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    Benzagel 10 NDC

    National Drug Code is a comprehensive database maintained by the FDA that contains information on all drugs marketed in the US. This directory includes information about finished drug products, unfinished drug products, and compounded drug products, including those containing Benzagel 10 as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

    Finished drug products

    The FDA updates the NDC directory daily. The NDC numbers for Benzagel 10 API and other APIs are published in this directory by the FDA.

    Unfinished drugs

    The NDC unfinished drugs database includes product listing information submitted for all unfinished drugs, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drugs intended for further processing and bulk drug substances for compounding.

    Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture Benzagel 10 as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) must furnish the FDA with an updated record of all drugs that they produce, prepare, propagate, compound, or process for commercial distribution in the US at their facilities.

    Compounded drug products

    The NDC directory also contains data on finished compounded human drug products that contain Benzagel 10 and are produced by outsourcing facilities. While these outsourcing facilities are not mandated to assign a Benzagel 10 NDC to their finished compounded human drug products, they may choose to do so.

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    Benzagel 10 GMP

    Benzagel 10 Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

    GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

    PharmaCompass offers a list of Benzagel 10 GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, API price, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Benzagel 10 GMP manufacturer or Benzagel 10 GMP API supplier for your needs.

    Benzagel 10 CoA

    A Benzagel 10 CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Benzagel 10's compliance with Benzagel 10 specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

    Benzagel 10 CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Benzagel 10 CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

    Benzagel 10 may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Benzagel 10 EP), Benzagel 10 JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Benzagel 10 USP).

    Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
    For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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