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Methyl Vinyl Ketone
Also known as: 3-buten-2-one, 78-94-4, But-3-en-2-one, Butenone, Vinyl methyl ketone, Methylene acetone
Molecular Formula
C4H6O
Molecular Weight
70.09  g/mol
InChI Key
FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
AR7642I1MP

methyl vinyl ketone is a natural product found in Zingiber mioga, Streptomyces griseoruber, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium with data available.
1 2D Structure

Methyl Vinyl Ketone

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
but-3-en-2-one
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C4H6O/c1-3-4(2)5/h3H,1H2,2H3
2.1.3 InChI Key
FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC(=O)C=C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
AR7642I1MP
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 3-buten-2-one

2. Methylvinyl Ketone

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 3-buten-2-one

2. 78-94-4

3. But-3-en-2-one

4. Butenone

5. Vinyl Methyl Ketone

6. Methylene Acetone

7. 2-butenone

8. Methylvinylketon

9. Acetyl Ethylene

10. 1-buten-3-one

11. 3-butene-2-one

12. Methyl Ethenyl Ketone

13. Methylvinyl Ketone

14. Methylvinylketone

15. 3-butenone-2

16. Acetone, Methylene-

17. Ketone, Methyl Vinyl

18. Gamma-oxo-alpha-butylene

19. Methyl-vinyl-cetone

20. 3-oxo-1-butene

21. But-1-en-3-one

22. Methylvinylcetone

23. Poly(vinyl Methyl Ketone)

24. 3-oxobutene

25. Nsc 4853

26. Un1251

27. Chebi:48058

28. Delta(3)-2-butenone

29. Ch2=chcoch3

30. Ar7642i1mp

31. Chembl1600824

32. Nsc-4853

33. 25038-87-3

34. Polyvinyl Methyl Ketone

35. Methgl Vinyl Ketone

36. Methylvinylketon [german]

37. Delta(sup 3)-2-butenone

38. Methyl-vinyl-cetone [french]

39. Ccris 3423

40. Hsdb 716

41. Einecs 201-160-6

42. Unii-ar7642i1mp

43. Ai3-16048

44. 3-butenone

45. Methyl Vinylketone

46. Methyl-vinylketone

47. Methylvinyl-ketone

48. But-3-enone

49. Buten-2-one

50. G-oxo-a-butylene

51. Metyl Vinyl Ketone

52. 3-oxo-l-butene

53. Methly Vinyl Ketone

54. Methyl-vinyl-ketone

55. 1-butene-3-one

56. 3-butenen-2-one

57. 1-propen-3-one

58. Mfcd00008777

59. 3-oxo-but-1-ene

60. Dsstox_cid_5671

61. Ec 201-160-6

62. Dsstox_rid_77878

63. Dsstox_gsid_25671

64. .delta.3-2-butenone

65. .gamma.-oxo-.alpha.-butylene

66. Methyl Vinyl Ketone, Stabilized

67. Wln: 1v1u1

68. Dtxsid3025671

69. Methyl Vinyl Ketone [mi]

70. Nsc4853

71. Act09262

72. Bcp24759

73. Zinc1680420

74. Tox21_200363

75. Bdbm50245462

76. Lmfa12000018

77. Stl299803

78. .delta.-oxo-.alpha.-butylene

79. Akos000120352

80. Un 1251

81. Un-1251

82. Cas-78-94-4

83. Ncgc00091118-01

84. Ncgc00091118-02

85. Ncgc00257917-01

86. M0460

87. 3-buten-2-one, Purum, >=95.0% (gc)

88. C20701

89. F71092

90. M-6580

91. Q417525

92. Methyl Vinyl Ketone, Stabilized [un1251] [poison]

93. 3-buten-2-one, Contains 0.3-1.0% Hydroquinone As Stabilizer, Technical Grade, 90%

94. 3-buten-2-one, Contains 0.5% Hydroquinone And 0.1% Acetic Acid As Stabilizer, 99%

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-26
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 70.09 g/mol
Molecular Formula C4H6O
XLogP30.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count1
Exact Mass70.041864811 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass70.041864811 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area17.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count5
Formal Charge0
Complexity54.7
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
4.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

... /Methyl vinyl ketone/ can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Methyl vinyl ketone. (November 2003). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1495.htm


Readily absorbed through skin causing general poisoning of the organism.

The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983., p. 878


4.2 Metabolism/Metabolites

... In a study of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone reactivity toward glutathione (GSH) ... methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) /was compared/ to N-ethylmaleimide which has been documented to have high selectivity and reactivity toward sulfhydryl groups ... /and was found/ that MVK reacted 30 times slower with GSH than N-ethylmaleimide. /Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones/

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


Compounds with ketone functionality are known to react reversibly with glutathione (GSH). Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones are considered classic substrates for a reversible Michael 1,4-addition reaction in which the whole GSH molecule is added to the substrate to form conjugates ... /which/ may not always be the endpoint; reformation of reactive species may occur with significant implications relative to effects at sites distant from the site of initial exposure and/or initial conjugation. /Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones/

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


... The interaction of MVK with hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and its effect on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes /was studied/ ... MVK bound to hepatic microsomal P-450 in a type I manner and that it enhanced CO-inhibitable NADPH oxidation in vitro. In rat liver mitochondria, MVK is an alkylating agent and inhibitor of cellular (mitochondrial) respiration, less potent than acrolein by one order of magnitude. It is an inhibitor of glutamate transport, inorganic phosphate transport, and succinate dehydrogenase activity.

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


Ketones are known to undergo metabolic transformations to the corresponding alcohols, diols, epoxides and various other metabolites. Conversion in mammals to the relatively less toxic alcohols is reported to proceed slowly. /ketones/

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


3-buten-2-one is a known human metabolite of butadiene.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


4.3 Mechanism of Action

... Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones occurring in the neutral fraction (28% of the semi-volatile fraction) of cigarette smoke concentrates, including MVK, /was described/ as highly reactive electrophiles that can combine with biochemical nucleophiles and constitute a highly cytotoxic group of compounds ...

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


MVK has been described as a model alkylating agent and Michael acceptor which binds to cellular protein sulfhydryl groups and glutathione (GSH) ... The effect of MVK on respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria /was examined/ and ... /MVK's/ high affinity for sulfhydryl groups /was documented/ ... MVK's cytotoxicity to freshly isolated rat kidney nephron cells /was/ described /as causing/ irreversible cellular injury with distal tubular cells showing greater susceptibility to injury from MVK than proximal tubular cells. Incubation of cells with MVK led to altered cellular GSH status and pronounced inhibition of mitochondria. MVK has been reported ... to be an excellent substrate for induction of glutathione-S-transferase based on studies with Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells ... /It was/ postulated that such Phase II enzyme inducers may have potential chemoprotective properties.

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


In the study of the sensitivity of rat liver mitochondrial processes to inhibition by methyl vinyl ketone, 3 different sites were apparent: glutamate transport, inorganic phosphate transport, and succinate dehydrogenase. Methyl vinyl ketone was less effective than acrolein by one order of magnitude.

PMID:4350554 Zollner H; Biochem Pharmacol 22 (10): 1171-8 (1973)


... Evidence of the mutagenicity of MVK /was cited/ as strongly suggestive that this chemical is capable of reacting with cellular DNA ... The formation under mild experimental conditions (24.3 mmoles added to 75 mL of phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 containing 1.1 mmoles of deoxyguanosine) of 2 major deoxyguanosine-MVK adducts /was demonstrated/. Two guanine adducts produced under basic conditions were also identified ... These adducts formed in vitro could play a role in the mutagenicity and/or potential tumorigenicity of this chemical /was speculated/ ...

NTP; Executive Summary Methyl Vinyl Ketone (78-94-4) (January 1992). Available from, as of November 02, 2006: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=03DB450B-B5DE-6081-1DF1947BFBD4EEF0


For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for METHYL VINYL KETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


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