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Chemistry

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Also known as: 1332-58-7, China clay, Argilla, Porcelain clay, Bolus alba, White bole
Molecular Formula
Al2H4O9Si2
Molecular Weight
258.16  g/mol
InChI Key
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Kaolin
The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
1 2D Structure

Kaolin

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
oxo-oxoalumanyloxy-[oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)silyl]oxysilane;dihydrate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/2Al.O5Si2.2H2O.2O/c;;1-6(2)5-7(3)4;;;;/h;;;2*1H2;;/q2*+1;-2;;;;
2.1.3 InChI Key
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O
2.2 Synonyms
2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Kaolinite

2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 1332-58-7

2. China Clay

3. Argilla

4. Porcelain Clay

5. Bolus Alba

6. White Bole

7. Kaolin(superfine)

8. Glomax

9. Light Kaolin

10. Hydrated Aluminum Silicate

11. Kaolin Clay Slurry

12. Bentone

13. Alphagloss

14. Altowhites

15. Alfaplate

16. Alphacoat

17. Altowhite

18. Apsilex

19. Argiflex

20. Comalco

21. Electros

22. Emathlite

23. Hydrite

24. Kaopaous

25. Langford

26. Mcnamee

27. Parclay

28. Vanclay

29. Fitrol

30. Arcilla Blanca

31. Oxo-oxoalumanyloxy-[oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)silyl]oxysilane;dihydrate

32. Argilla Alba

33. Comalco Kaolin

34. Osmo Kaolin

35. Kaolin Colloidal

36. Beta Coat

37. Astra-glaze

38. Snow Tex

39. Asp Ultrafine

40. Kao-gel

41. Century Hc

42. Kaophills-2

43. Aa Kaolin

44. Clay (kaolin)

45. Acidic White Clays

46. Bol Blanc

47. Asp (mineral)

48. Burgess 10

49. Airflo V 8

50. Amazon 88

51. Amazon 90

52. Argirec B 22

53. Argirec Kn 15

54. Bilt Plate 156

55. Fitrol Desiccite 25

56. Clays, White, Acidic

57. Amazon Kaolin 855d

58. Kaolin [usp:jan]

59. Cb 1 (clay)

60. Cb 2 (clay)

61. Clay 347

62. Aluminum Silicate Hydroxide

63. Unii-24h4nwx5co

64. Metakaolin

65. Kaolinum

66. Clay Nanopowder

67. Clay Slurry

68. Kaolin Nanoclay

69. Nanoclay Powder

70. Ccris 9288

71. Hsdb 630

72. Perlite Clay Mix

73. Clay Nanoparticles

74. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 100104

75. Expanded Perlite Powder

76. Perlite Nanoclay Powder

77. Halloysite Clay Nanotubes

78. Aluminium Silicate Dihydrate

79. Aluminum Silicate (hydrated)

80. Nanoclay Montmorillonite 20a

81. Expanded Perlite Nanoparticles

82. Montmorillonite Bentonite Clay

83. Halloysite Nanotubes Properties

84. Chembl3833365

85. Chebi:140503

86. Nanoclay Modified Asphalt Materials

87. Expanded Perlite Powder / Nanopowder

88. Shelsite 30b Montmorillonite Nanoparticles

89. Ft-0627569

90. J-521617

91. 95077-05-7

2.3 Create Date
2012-03-21
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 258.16 g/mol
Molecular Formula Al2H4O9Si2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count9
Rotatable Bond Count4
Exact Mass257.902462 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass257.902462 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area98 Ų
Heavy Atom Count13
Formal Charge0
Complexity167
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count3
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Antidiarrheals; Pharmaceutic Aids

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


/Kaolin/ either alone or as...mixt with pectin, is used medicinally as an adsorbent...of value chiefly in treatment of diarrhea caused by agents capable of being adsorbed, as, for example, diarrhea of food poisoning or dysentery.

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 751


Kaolin has...been used in treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis, but it is doubtful whether any adsorptive capacity is retained by time prepn reaches colon.

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 751


VET: adsorbent, protective antidiarrheal. A physical adsorbent with hydrophilic capacity. Topical skin & GI protectant. It incr bulk & slows .. Passage of feces. Has/ ability to absorb toxins...topically & intrauterine in addn to GI.

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 297


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for KAOLIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

... Formulation changes ... have occurred with Kaopectate ... The current Kaopectate marketed is not the formulation ... with Kaolin and Pectin. In the late 1980's or early '90s, the manufacturer reformulated the product to contain attapulgite. Then in 2003, the sponsor reformulated the product again, this time to include bismuth subsalicylate as the active ingredient. ...

FDA Safety Drug Page. Drug Topics April 19, 2004. Available from the website www.fda.gov/cder/drug/mederrors/kaopectate.pdf as of July 25, 2007


If/...kaolin-containing product must be used...should be given...2 hr before lincomycin. If this...proves impractical, lincomycin may be administered by injection or a nondiarrhea-producing antibiotic should be substituted.

Evaluations of Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. and supplements. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Assn., 1976, 1978., p. 136


Inert except for dangers of obstruction, perforation, & granuloma formation.

Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-95


The use of antidiarrheal mixtures containing opioids or poorly absorbed antibacterial agents with adsorbents and protectants (most commonly, kaolin and pectin) and antispasmodic agents is unwarranted, since additional benefits beyond those afforded by the single effective agent are questionable and the patient is subjected to the added expense and the combined adverse effects of the individual ingredients.

American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1994., p. 935


4.3 Minimum/Potential Fatal Human Dose

Practically non-toxic: probable oral lethal dose (human) above 15 g/kg; more than 1 quart (2.2 lb) for 70 kg person (150 lb).

Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-95


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Antidiarrheals

Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on the agent(s) that cause diarrhea, but merely alleviate the condition. (See all compounds classified as Antidiarrheals.)


5.2 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A07 - Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory/antiinfective agents

A07B - Intestinal adsorbents

A07BC - Other intestinal adsorbents

A07BC02 - Kaolin


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Kaolin and pectin are not absorbed following oral administration.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service--Drug Information 94. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Inc. 1994 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1879


API Reference Price

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21-Oct-2021
12-Dec-2023
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