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Nitric Acid
Also known as: 7697-37-2, Azotic acid, Hydrogen nitrate, Salpetersaeure, Aqua fortis, Nitricum acidum
Molecular Formula
HNO3
Molecular Weight
63.013  g/mol
InChI Key
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
411VRN1TV4

Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
1 2D Structure

Nitric Acid

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
nitric acid
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/HNO3/c2-1(3)4/h(H,2,3,4)
2.1.3 InChI Key
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[N+](=O)(O)[O-]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
411VRN1TV4
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Acid, Nitric

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 7697-37-2

2. Azotic Acid

3. Hydrogen Nitrate

4. Salpetersaeure

5. Aqua Fortis

6. Nitricum Acidum

7. Acide Nitrique

8. Hno3

9. Medullipin Ii

10. Nitric Acid [nf]

11. Nitric Acid, Rare Earth Salts

12. Hono2

13. Mfcd00011349

14. Chembl1352

15. 411vrn1tv4

16. Chebi:48107

17. Nitric Acid (nf)

18. 12033-49-7

19. Acidum Nitricum

20. Nitrous Fumes

21. Engraver's Acid

22. Nitryl Hydroxide

23. Red Fuming Nitric Acid

24. 122392-03-4

25. 68412-17-9

26. Rfna

27. Azotowy Kwas [polish]

28. Nitric Acid, Acs Reagent, 70%

29. Salpetersaure

30. Salpetersaure [german]

31. Zinc, Reference Standard Solution

32. Acido Nitrico

33. Cobalt, Reference Standard Solution

34. Acide Nitrique [french]

35. Acido Nitrico [italian]

36. Acido Nitrico [spanish]

37. Azotowy Kwas

38. Kyselina Dusicne

39. Kyselina Dusicne [czech]

40. Nitric Acid, Acs Reagent, >=90.0%

41. Rare Earth Nitrate

42. Nitric Acid Solution

43. Salpeterzuuroplossingen [dutch]

44. Salpeterzuuroplossingen

45. Hsdb 1665

46. Nitric Acid, Anhydrous

47. Einecs 231-714-2

48. Nitric Acid (conc 80% Or Greater)

49. Nitric Acid (red Fuming)

50. Un2031

51. Un2032

52. Nitroalcohol

53. Unii-411vrn1tv4

54. Acide Azotique

55. Nitro-alcohol

56. Nitric Acid (70% Or Less)

57. Nitro Alcohol

58. Nitric -acid

59. Trioxonitric Acid

60. Nitrosonitric Acid

61. Nitric Acid (greater Than 70%)

62. No3 Anion

63. Nitric Acid, Acs

64. Einecs 270-173-7

65. Nitric Acid, 1 M

66. (-)-pareruptorin A

67. Nitric Acid, 65%

68. Hydroxidodioxidonitrogen

69. Nitric Acid (67%)

70. Nitric Acid, Red Fuming

71. Nitric Acid, 0.1 M

72. Nitric Acid Reagent Acs

73. Nitric Acid [ii]

74. Nitric Acid [mi]

75. Nitric Acid 65%

76. Ec 231-714-2

77. Hydrogen Trioxonitrate(1-)

78. Nitric Acid, 65-70%

79. Nitric Acid [hsdb]

80. Nitric Acid [mart.]

81. Nitric Acid Concentrate, 1n

82. Wln: Pr N-o3x3

83. 78989-43-2

84. Nitric Acid, P.a., 65%

85. Nitric Acid [who-dd]

86. Nitric Acid (hno3) 94.5% By Weight Or More Hno3

87. Nitric Acid: Electronic Grade

88. Nitricum Acidum [hpus]

89. Nitric Acid, 90% Acs Grade

90. Nitric Acid, Fuming, 99.5%

91. Dtxsid5029685

92. Nitric Acid, Ar, 69-72%

93. Nitric Acid, Gallium Salt ( )

94. Nitric Acid, Lr, 69-72%

95. [no2(oh)]

96. Nitric Acid [ep Monograph]

97. Nitric Acid, Puriss., 64-66%

98. Nitric Acid, Reagent Grade, >90%

99. Bdbm50152970

100. Akos015833449

101. Nitric Acid, Technical Grade, 50.0%

102. Nsc-177677

103. Nitric Acid Other Than Red Fuming With >70% Nitric Acid [un2031] [corrosive]

104. Nitric Acid Solution, 0.1n (n/10)

105. 309963-65-3

106. Nitric Acid, 0.1n Standardized Solution

107. Nitric Acid, 1.0n Standardized Solution

108. Nitric Acid, 2.0n Standardized Solution

109. Nitric Acid, Extra Pure, 69.0-71.0%

110. Nitric Acid, Red, Fuming, Hno3 >90 %

111. Nitric Acid, Reagent Grade, Fuming, >90%

112. Nitrogen Hydroxideoxide (n(oh)2o) (9ci)

113. Ft-0689223

114. N0806

115. N1916

116. Nitric Acid, Puriss. P.a., >=65% (t)

117. C00244

118. D02313

119. Q83320

120. Nitric Acid Solution, ~32.5%, Special Quality

121. Nitric Acid, Environmental Grade Plus, 68-70%

122. Nitric Acid, 70%, Purified By Double-distillation

123. Nitric Acid, P.a., Acs Reagent, 68.0-70.0%

124. Nitric Acid, Red Fuming [un2032] [corrosive]

125. Q27110015

126. Nitric Acid Other Than Red Fuming With >70% Nitric Acid

127. Nitric Acid, Saj First Grade, 69-70%, Density: 1.42

128. 3088a493-74f8-4d19-8abc-e572420b5f29

129. Nitric Acid Other Than Red Fuming With Not >70% Nitric Acid

130. Nitric Acid, Jis Special Grade, 60.0-61.0%, Density: 1.38

131. Nitric Acid, Jis Special Grade, 65.0-66.0%, Density: 1.40

132. Nitric Acid, Jis Special Grade, 69.0-70.0%, Density: 1.42

133. Nitric Acid, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Fuming, >=99.5%

134. Nitric Acid, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, >=69%

135. Nitric Acid, Saj First Grade, 60.0-62.0%, Density: 1.38

136. Nitric Acid, Saj First Grade, 65.0-66.0%, Density: 1.40

137. Nitric Acid, 68-70%, Certified Acs Plus Grade Trace Metal Analyzed

138. Nitric Acid, Jis Special Grade, >=97.0%, Fuming, Density: 1.52

139. Nitric Acid, Saj First Grade, >=97.0%, Fuming, Density: 1.52

140. Nitric Acid, 60.0-62.0%, Saj Super Special Grade, Density: 1.38

141. Nitric Acid, Jis Special Grade, 90.0-94.0%, Fuming, Density: 1.50

142. Nitric Acid, Puriss. P.a., 65% (hg <=0.0000005%), >=65% (t)

143. Nitric Acid, Saj First Grade, 90.0-94.0%, Fuming, Density: 1.50

144. Nitric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17818), >=65%

145. Nitric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17952), >=69%

146. Nitric Acid Concentrate, 0.1 M Hno3 In Water (0.1n), Eluent Concentrate For Ic

147. Nitric Acid Other Than Red Fuming With Not >70% Nitric Acid [un2031] [corrosive]

148. Nitric Acid, 60.0-62.0%, Suitable For Determination Of Toxic Metals, Density: 1.38

149. Nitric Acid, 70%, Purified By Redistillation, >=99.999% Trace Metals Basis

150. Nitric Acid, P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., 68.5-69.5%

151. Nitric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Mos Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17920), >=69%

152. Nitric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Vlsi Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17512), 69-71%

153. Nitric Acid, 70%, Meets Analytical Specification Of Bp, Ph??eur, Ph??fran??, Usp, Fcc, E339

154. Nitric Acid, Puriss. P.a., Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., For Determinations With Dithizone, >=65%

155. Nitric Acid, Purum P.a., Fuming, Packed In Coated, Shock- And Leak-protected Glass Bottle, >=99% (t)

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 63.013 g/mol
Molecular Formula HNO3
XLogP30.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass62.995642894 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass62.995642894 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area66 Ų
Heavy Atom Count4
Formal Charge0
Complexity24.8
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

To be used for acute self-limiting conditions according to standard homeopathic indications /for warts/.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Nitric acid pellet, (October 2010). Available from, as of August 2, 2011: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d1d02ada-5f03-4c5e-80af-13540896d355


In a double blind study, the response of superficial skin tumors to topical treatment with a nitric acid preparation (6.2 N) or Solcoderm solution was compared in 33 patients. Treatment with the Solcoderm solution yielded superior results and less reaction in the surrounding normal skin than the plain nitric acid. It was suggested that the nitrate reduction products generated in the Solcoderm preparation contribute to the improved clinical effects by enhancing the speed and intensity of tissue fixation, but not tissue erosion.

PMID:6848302 Weiner M et al; Clin Pharmacol Ther 33: 77-83 (1983)


(VET): Cauterizing agent (for warts).

Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1130


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Explosive Agents

Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth. (See all compounds classified as Explosive Agents.)


5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

The disposition of HNO3 is not easily determined. It reacts immediately with respiratory mucous membranes after inhalation and does not appear to be absorbed after oral administration.

Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants, National Research Council; p. 197-208 in Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants; The National Academies Press (1998) https://www.nap.edu/


Following inhalation exposure, some HNO3 might decompose to other nitrogen oxides, which might be absorbed by the bloodstream.

Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants, National Research Council; p. 197-208 in Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants; The National Academies Press (1998) https://www.nap.edu/


5.3 Biological Half-Life

No reports found; [TDR, p. 937]

TDR - Ryan RP, Terry CE, Leffingwell SS (eds). Toxicology Desk Reference: The Toxic Exposure and Medical Monitoring Index, 5th Ed. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis, 1999., p. 937


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